Fractions PDF

# Fractions ## Food and Nutrition You would like to eat a whole bag of chips, but you are often not allowed to do that! Healthy foods and a balanced diet help us grow and stay strong, so we must eat more of that. If there are 12 grapes on a bunch, how many on another bunch with double the number o...

# Fractions ## Food and Nutrition You would like to eat a whole bag of chips, but you are often not allowed to do that! Healthy foods and a balanced diet help us grow and stay strong, so we must eat more of that. If there are 12 grapes on a bunch, how many on another bunch with double the number of grapes? ## Understanding Fractions The picture shows half of a whole chapatti, quarter of a whole glass of milk, and three-fourths of a whole glass of water. The words half, quarter, three-fourths show that they are a part of something and not whole by themselves. These words are fractions. * A fraction names **equal** parts of a whole or of a group. This is a whole pizza. We can cut it and take a part of it. *We use fractions to name the part or parts of the whole pizza that we are taking.* This is a group of bananas. We can take a part of it by taking some bananas. *We use fractions to name the part of the group of bananas that we are taking.* ## Fraction of a Whole ### Halves Binod gave his brother Biren a part of his chocolate bar. Did Biren get half the chocolate? No, because we call one of two equal parts half. *Equal means that the parts are of the same size.* * Two parts of the same size. * One of the two parts is pink. * We call the equal parts halves. * We say: One-half is pink. * We write: 1/2 is pink. Draw a line across the chocolate bar if Biren had got half. ### Thirds Three friends were decorating a cake with icing of their favourite colours. Did each decorate the same amount? No, because the cake does not show three equal parts of icing. * Three parts of the same size. * We call the equal parts thirds. * One of the three parts is green. * We say: One-third is green. We write: 1/3 is green. * Two of the three parts are green. * We say: Two-thirds is green. * We write: 2/3 is green. Show how the friends could have decorated the cake equally. ### Try This! Circle the shapes where parts are equal. ## Fourths A family of four ordered a pizza. It was cut like this. Did everyone in the family have a fair share? No: The shares were not fair because they were not equal. * Four parts of the same size. * We call the equal parts fourths. * One of the four parts is blue. * We say: One- fourth is blue. * One-fourth is also called a quarter. * We write: 1/4 is blue. * Two of the four parts are blue. * We say: Two-fourths is blue. We write: 2/4 is blue. * Three of the four parts are blue. * We say: Three-fourths is blue. We write: 3/4 is blue. Show how the pizza should have been cut so that everyone has a fair share. ### Writing Fractions * We write fractions by looking at the number of equal parts and the total number of parts we are referring to. * 3/4 - number of pink parts / total number of equal parts * 1/2 - pink part / equal parts in all * 1/4 is colored. * 2/4 is colored. * 3/4 is colored. * 4/4 or 1 whole is colored. ### Reading Fractions * 1/3 is read as one-third but 2/3 is read as two-thirds. * So also, we say one-fourth, two-fourths, and three-fourths. * We can also say one-quarter, two-quarters, and three-quarters. * When there are 5 equal parts they are in fifths. 6 equal parts are in sixths. Can you say what seven, eight, nine, and ten equal parts are called? ## Fraction of a Group Fractions are also used to refer to parts of a group. * This is a group of eggs. * One is brown and the rest are white. * 1 out of the 4 eggs is brown. * One-fourth (part of the group) * 1 brown egg / 4 all the eggs (the whole group) * 3 out of the 4 eggs are white. * Three-fourths (part of the group) * 3 white eggs / 4 all the eggs (the whole group) * We do not say 1/4 of the eggs is brown because we are referring to a group. ## Exercise 7 B 1. Name the fractions. * a. Fraction of the apples that are red * Fraction of the apples that are green * b. Fraction of the capsicums that are yellow * Fraction of the capsicums that are not yellow 2. Colour to show the fractions. * a. 5/6 * b. 3/5 * c. 4/ 7 ## Numerator and Denominator of a Fraction Fractions name part of a whole or part of a group. * Numerator - parts being referred to * Denominator - equal parts in all * 3/8 - shaded parts / equal parts in all * 4/7 - shaded rectangles / rectangles in all * When there are no shaded parts, the numerator is '0'. * There can be no fraction with zero as the denominator. * When the numerator is 1, the fraction is called a unit fraction. * When the numerator and the denominator are the same, it refers to the entire whole or the entire group and means 1 whole or 1 group. * 1/2 = 1 (whole) * 3/3 = 1 (group) ## Exercise 7 C 1. Complete the table based on the figures below. | Figure | a. | b. | c. | d. | e. | f. | |:---|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:| Number of shaded parts (Numerator)| 1 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 2 | 10 | Number of parts in all (Denominator) | 6 | 8 | 5 | 9 | 12 | Fraction of shaded parts | 1/6 | 7/8 | 3/5 | 5/9 | 2/12 | 10/12 |