Chapter 9: Hygiene and Care of the Patient's Environment PDF

Chapter 9 Hygiene and Care of the Patient’s Environment  Lesson 9.1: Hygiene and Care of the Patient’s Environment 1. Discuss the therapeutic hospital room environment. 2. Describe personal hygienic practices. 3. Discuss variations of the bath procedure determined by a pati...

Chapter 9 Hygiene and Care of the Patient’s Environment  Lesson 9.1: Hygiene and Care of the Patient’s Environment 1. Discuss the therapeutic hospital room environment. 2. Describe personal hygienic practices. 3. Discuss variations of the bath procedure determined by a patient’s condition and physician’s orders. 4. Describe the procedure for a bed bath. 5. Identify nursing interventions for the prevention and treatment of a pressure ulcer/injury. 6. Discuss heat and cold therapy and related procedures. 7. Describe the procedures for oral hygiene, shaving, hair care, nail care, and eye, ear, and nose care. 8. Outline the procedure for a back rub. 2  Patient’s Room Environment  Keep comfortable and safe  Factors affecting environment  Temperature  Ventilation  Noise  Odors  Lighting 3 Life Span Considerations (Older Adults)  Become chilled  Mobility limited  Impaired circulation  Effects of soap and detergents on skin 4  Room Equipment  Bedside stand  Bed  Overbed table  Chair  Lights 5  Hygiene  Principles of health  Includes care of skin, hair, hands, feet, eyes, ears, nose, mouth, back, and perineum  Personal hygiene  Self-care measures people use to maintain their health and prevent disease  Nurses are role models and teach by example 6  Bathing  Often delegated to unlicensed assistive personnel  Therapeutic baths  Cool water tub bath  Warm water tub bath  Hot water tub bath  Sitz bath 7  Other Baths  Complete bed bath  Partial assistance  Tepid sponge bath  Medicated bath 8  Pressure Injuries  Characteristics of normal skin  Impaired skin integrity  Pressure injuries Occur when there is sufficient pressure on the skin to cause the blood vessels in an area to collapse Factors that play role in pressure injuries  Shearing force  Friction  Prevention/interventions 9  Stages of Pressure Injuries  Stage I – localized area of skin intact with nonblanchable redness  Stage II – partial-thickness loss of dermis  Stage III – full-thickness tissue loss in which subcutaneous fat is sometimes visible, but bone, tendon, and muscle are not exposed  Stage IV – involves full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle  Unstageable/unclassified – full-thickness tissue loss, a wound base covered by slough and/or eschar in the wound bed that will usually be tan, brown, or black  Suspected deep tissue injury – wound appears as a localized purple or maroon area of discolored intact skin or a blood-filled blister 10  Heat and Cold Therapy  Patients with injury may benefit from the application of heat or cold therapy  Can be either dry or moist  Heat applications generally are used to provide comfort and to speed healing  Cold normally is used to decrease swelling and to reduce pain 11  Components of Patient’s Hygiene  Oral hygiene  Hair care  Shaving  Hand, foot, and nail care  Perineal care  Eye, ear, and nose care 12  Back Care and Back Rubs  Given after baths  Promote relaxation, relieve muscle tension, and stimulate circulation  Contraindications 13  Lesson 9.2: Further Hygiene and Care of the Patient’s Environment 9. Summarize the procedure for perineal care for a male patient and a female patient. 10. Discuss the procedures for skin care. 11. Describe the procedure for making an unoccupied bed. 12. Describe the procedure for making an occupied bed. 13. Discuss assisting a patient in the use of the bedpan, the urinal, and the bedside commode. 14  Perineal Care  Care of the genitalia (male and female)  Catheter care 15  Skin Care  When physical condition changes, skin often reflects this with changes in color, texture, thickness, turgor, temperature, and hydration  As long as skin remains intact and healthy, its physiologic function remains optimal 16  Bedmaking  The patient’s bed is usually made in the morning after the bath  When possible, the bed is made while it is not occupied; when the patient is unable to be out of bed, the nurse will make an occupied bed  The patient’s safety is a top priority; comfort and privacy are also important 17  Assisting the Patient with Elimination  Bedpan  Urinal  Care of the incontinent patient 18