Doctor of Physical Therapy DPT 3rd Semester Syllabus PDF

Department of Physical Therapy (DPT) Faculty of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Khawaja Farid Campus, Railway Road, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan DOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPY (DPT) THIRD...

Department of Physical Therapy (DPT) Faculty of Medicine & Allied Health Sciences The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Khawaja Farid Campus, Railway Road, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan DOCTOR OF PHYSICAL THERAPY (DPT) THIRD SEMESTER 1. ENGLISH-III (Technical Writing and Presentation Skills) 3(3+0) 2. MEDICAL PHYSICS 3(2+1) 3. ANATOMY-III 3(2+1) 4. PHYSIOLOGY-III 3(2+1) 5. BIOMECHANICS & ERGONOMICS-I 3(3+0) 6. BIOCHEMISTRY-I 2(2+0) DETAILS OF COURSES ENGLISH-III (TECHNICAL WRITING AND PRESENTATIONSKILLS) CREDIT HOURS 3(3-0) COURSE LEARNING OBJECTIVES  Main objectives of the course are to develop understanding of technical writing with English grammar and usage among students.  To develop basic skill of presentation in English language among students  To make students able to utilize skills of reading, writing listening and speaking  To make them good communicator both verbal and written in target language. MID TERM Writing Process Five steps of writing process  Descriptive Writing  Narrative Writing  Discursive Writing  Argumentative Writing Writing of Research Proposal Format Writing Research Paper i. Style of writing ii. Content iii. Language iv. Form and Clarity v. Consistency in writing FINAL TERM Technical Report Writing Writing Bibliography  MLA  APA Communication Process Non Verbal Communication  Strategies for Effective non verbal delivery Ways of Delivering Oral Messages  Extemporaneous  Reading  Memorization  Impromptu Strategies for effective oral delivery  Pitch  Rate  Volume  Vocal quality  Pronunciation Strategies to Reduce Stage Fright Using Technology in Presentation  Presentation Skills  Before presentation  During presentation  After presentation Recommended Books: 1. Wren , P.C & Martin, H,(2018), High School English Grammar & Composition, S.Chand & Company LTD Ram Nagar New Delhi 2. Crystal, David (1999) The Cambridge Encyclopeadia of Language, New York , Cambridge University Press 3. Taylor, Shirley (2009) Communication for Business: A Practical Approach, Persons, New Delhi, India 4. Roach, Peter (2001), English Phonetics and Phonology: A Practical Course , Cambridge University Press, New York 5. Exploring the World of English: 6. Khalid, Abid (n.d)Phonetics& Phonology, Lahore , Majeed Book Depot 7. PrasadaRao, N.D.V (2003) ,Teaching of English: Introduction, Sultan Bazar Hyderabad , India 8. Mumtaz, M ( 2004), Teaching of English, Ghulam Rasul & Sons , Lahore , Urdu Bazar 9. Sarwar Bajwa (2003) Teaching of English , Rehman Brothers, Lahore MEDICAL PHYSICS CREDIT HOURS: 3(2-1) COURSE DESCRIPTION This course will cover the basic principle of physics which are applicable in medical equipment used in Physical therapy. It also covers the fundamentals of currents, sound waves, electromagnetic radiations and their effects & application in physical therapy LEARNING OBJCTIVES  Describe basic principles of physics used in electro medical equipment  Define laws of physics various aspect of physical phenomena and their interaction with human body  Describe basic concepts of electricity, its laws, magnetism, electro mechanics and related theories  Explain fundamentals of low, medium and high frequency currents, heat, electromagnetic radiations and sound waves.  Demonstrate safety skills in biomedical instruments and radiation protection COURSE CONTENTS MID TERM ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM  Structure of an atom  Electron Theory, Conductors & Insulator  Conduction& Convection STATIC ELECTRICITY  Charging by conduction and Induction  Electrostatic Fields  Capacitors, types of capacitors  Arrangement of Capacitors in series and parallel  Charging and discharging of capacitors  Oscillating Discharge of Capacitors CURRENT ELECTRICITY  Ohm‘s Law  Electrical Components and their units  Resistance and types  Chemical effects of a Current  Types of Current  Cell and Batteries  Simple Voltage Cell  Combination of Cells in series and parallel  Thermal effects of current  Electrolysis and Electrolytic burns  Ionization of gases and Thermionic emission  Electronic tubes  Diodes and Triodes ELECTROMAGNETISM  Magnetic effect of an electric current  Moving coil volt meter and Ammeter  Measurement of high frequency and alternate current withmeters  Electromagnetic induction  Faradays law  Mutual and self-Induction  Eddy currents  Transformers  Construction and types  Static and auto Transformer SAFETY IN BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTS  Electrical outlets, hot, neutral and ground connections  Pervasiveness of electricity and of electric shocks  Causes of electric shocks and precaution  Effect of electric current on human body  Techniques to reduce the effect of electric shock  Earth shocks and precaution against earth shocks FINAL TERM ELECTRO MECHANICS  Current for treatment  Rectification  Rectification of A.C  Half wave and full wave Rectification  Valve rectification circuits and metal rectifier  Surging of current  Vibrations and Multivibrators circuit CLASSIFICATION OF CURRENTS (OVERVIEW) LOW FREQUENCY CURRENT  Sinusoidal current  Faradic current  Galvanic current (constant and interrupted)  Diadynamic current TENS  Super imposed current and their graphical representation. MEDIUM FREQUENCY CURRENT  Interferential current  Russian current. HIGH FREQUENCY CURRENT  Valves  Transistors  Long waves, medium waves short waves micro waves SOUND WAVES  Wave motion in sound  Infrasonic  Normal hearing band  Characteristics of the sound waves and their velocities  Ultrasonic  Reflection and refraction of sound wave  Characteristics of tone resonance and beats  Interference of sound waves HEAT  Scales of temperature and its conversion to other scales  Nature of heat energy  Specific heat and three modes of heat energy transfer effect of impurities on melting and boiling points ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION  Electromagnetic spectrum  Relationship between frequency and wave length  Laws of reflection, refraction and absorptions  Total internal reflection  Cosine law and inverse square law Concave and convex mirrors  Lenses and prisms  Reflectors  Radio wave (long, medium, short, micro waves)  Infra-red rays  Visible rays  Ultra violet rays  X-rays  Nuclear waves (alpha beta and gamma) RADIATION PROTECTION  Ionizing and non-ionizing radiations  Quantities and associated units of radiations  Effect of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation  Internal and external hazards  Main principle to control external hazard  Distance and shielding LAB WORK  Specify resistance by using the potential divider  Verify the joules law of electrical methods  Calibrate a thermo couple and an unknown temperature  Find the acceleration due to gravity by simple pendulum  Verify the law of reflection of light  Verify the law of refraction of light  Verify the refraction index of glass using rectangular slab RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. Clayton’s Electrotherapy and actinotherapy by: PM Scott. 2. Medical physics for physical therapists by: A.D Moore 3. Preliminary Electricity for physiotherapists by B. Savage 4. Basic Electronics by Grob. 5. Principles of Bio-instrumentation by Richard A. Normann 6. Hand book of Biomedical Instrumentation by R.S. Khanpur 7. Basic radiation Protection Technology by Gollnick ANATOMY-III CREDITHOURS: 3(3-0) COURSE DESCRIPTION The focus of this course is an in-depth and comprehensive study of humananatomy with emphasis on the head and neck, face and skull. Identifyanatomical structures within the thorax with emphasis on structures of thoracic wall and thoracic cavity. Dissection and identification of structures in the manikins/smart board system supplemented with the study of charts, models, prosecuted materials and radiographs are utilized to identify anatomical land marks and configurations of the head and neck, face,skull and thorax. LEARNINGOBJECTIVES  Describe and illustrate human anatomy related to head and neck, face, skull and thoracic cavity  Identify joints,muscles,nerves,veins,arteriesandotheranatomicalstructures of head and neck, face and skull  Identify anatomical structures of the thoracic wall and thoracic cavity  MID TERM COURSECONTENTS THEHEADANDTHENECK  Muscles around the neck  Triangles of the neck  Main arteries of the neck  Main veins of the neck  Cervical part of sympathetic trunk  Cervical plexus  Cervical spine (vertebrae)  Joints of neck. THE FACE  Sensory nerves of the face  Bones of the face  Muscles of the face  Facial nerve  Muscles of mastication  Mandible  Hyoid bone  Temporomandibular joint  Brief description of orbit and nasal cavity  Muscles of eye FINAL TERM THE SKULL  Bones of skull  Anterior cranial fossa  Middle cranial fossa  Posterior cranial fossa  Base of skull  Structures passing through foramina THORAX STRUCTURES OF THE THORACIC WALL  Dorsal spine (vertebrae)  Sternum  Costal Cartilages & Ribs  Intercostal Muscles  Intercostal Nerves  Diaphragm   Blood supply of thoracic wall  Lymphatic drainage of thoracic wall  Joints of thorax THORACIC CAVITY  Mediastinum  Pleura  Trachea  Lungs  Bronchopulmonary segments  Pericardium  Heart–Its blood supply, venous drainage & nerve supply  Large veins of thorax, superior and inferior vena cava, pulmonary veins brachiocephalic veins  Large Arteries–Aorta & its branches LAB WORK During study of Gross Anatomy, emphasis should be given on applied aspect, radiological anatomy, surface anatomy and cross-sectional anatomy of the region covered in the respective semester/year Note The students are expected to make a practical note book. The book is a collection of evidence that learning has taken place. It is a reflective record of their achievements RECOMMENDED BOOKS th 1. Gray’s Anatomy by Prof. Susan Standring 39 Ed, Elsevier. 2. Clinical Anatomy for Medical Students by Richard S. Snell. 3. Clinically Oriented Anatomy by Keith Moore. 4. Clinical Anatomy by R.J. Last, Latest Ed. th 5. Cunningham’s Manual of Practical AnatomybyG.J.Romanes,15 Ed, Vol- I, II and III. th 6. The Developing Human. Clinically Oriented Embryology by Keith L.Moore,6 Ed. 7. Wheater’s Functional Histology by Young and Heath, Latest Ed. 8. Medical Histology by Prof. Laiq Hussain. 9. Neuroanatomy by Richard S. Snell. PHYSIOLOGY-III CREDIT HOURS: 3(2-1) COURSEDESCRIPTION The course is designed to study the function of the human body with emphasis on function of human respiratory system, nervous system, reproductive system, body fluids and renal system. These topics are addressed by a consideration of clinical and applied physiology in relation to clinical modules and practice LEARNINGOBJECTIVES  Describe major functions of the respiratory system  Explain major functions of central and peripheral nervous  Discuss major functions of male and female reproductive system.  Describe major functions body fluids and renal system and relate to clinical practice COURSE CONTENTS MID TERM RESPIRATORYSYSTEM  Function of respiratory tract  Respiratory and non-respiratory function of the lungs  Mechanics of breathing  Production & function of surfactant and compliance of lungs  Protective reflexes  Lung volumes and capacities including dead space  Diffusion of gases across the alveolar membrane  Relationship between ventilation and perfusion  Mechanism of transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in blood  Nervous and chemical regulation of respiration  Abnormal breathing  Hypoxia, its causes and effects  Cyanosis, its causes and effects REPRODUCTION  Function of the male reproductive system, Spermatogenesis  Mechanism of erection and ejaculation  Production and function of testosterone and Physiological changes during male puberty  Function of the female reproductive system  Production and function of estrogen, and progesterone  Menstrual cycle  Physiological changes during female puberty and menopause  Pregnancy and the physiological changes taking place in the mother  Function of the placenta  Parturition and lactation  Neonatal physiology FINAL TERM NERVOUSSYSTEM  General organization of the nervous system  Classification of nerve fibers  Properties of synaptic transmission  Function of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides  Type and function of sensory receptors  Function of the spinal cord and ascending tracts  Reflex action and reflexes  Muscle spindle and muscle tone   Mechanism of touch, temperature and pain  Functions of the cerebral cortex  Difference between the sensory and motor cortex and their functions  Motor pathways including pyramidal and extrapyramidal  Basal Ganglia and its functions  Cerebellum and its function  Control of posture and equilibrium  Physiology of sleep  Physiology of memory  Mechanism and control of speech  Function of the thalamus  Function of the hypothalamus and limbic system  Production of CSF  Mechanism of temperature regulation  Function of the autonomic nervous system and the physiological changes of aging BODY FLUIDS AND KIDNEY  Components and quantitative measurements of body fluids  Fluid compartments, tissue and lymph fluid  Structure of the kidney and nephron  General function of the kidney  GFR and its regulation  Formation of urine including filtration, re-absorption and secretion  Plasma clearance,  Mechanism of concentration and dilution of urine  Water and electrolyte balance with reference to the kidney  Role of the kidney in blood pressure regulation  Hormonal functions of the kidney  Acidification of urine and its importance  Acid base balance with reference to the kidney  Micturition and its control LAB WORKRESPIRATORYSYSTEM  Stethography  Breathsounds  Respiratoryrate  Lungfunctiontests NERVOUSSYSTEM  Examination of superficial and deep reflexes  Brief examination of the motor and sensory system  Examination of the cranial nerves Note  The students are expected to make a practical note book. The book is acollection of evidence that learning has taken place. It is a reflectiverecordoftheirachievements RECOMMENDED BOOKS  Text book of Physiology by Guyton and Hall ,Latest Ed.  Review of Medical Physiology by William F. Ganong Latest Ed.  Physiology by Berne and Levy, Latest Ed.  HumanPhysiology:TheBasisofMedicinebyGillianPocock,ChristopherD.Richards  PhysiologicalBasisofMedicalPracticebyJohnB.WestandTaylor,12th Ed. 1. BIOMECHANICS AND ERGONOMICS– I CREDIT HOURS: 3(3-0) COURSE DESCRIPTION This course aims to develop appreciation of how mechanical principles can be applied to understand the underlying causes of human movement. It also examines selected anatomical, Structural and functional properties of human connective, muscular, and nervous tissues, as well as skeletal structures. Emphasis is placed on the mechanical, neuroregulatory, and muscular events that influence normal and pathological motion. This course will also help to gain an understanding of basic theoretical concepts, principles and techniques of ergonomics as well as an introduction to fundamental ergonomic measurement tools for assessment of physical workload, posture, occupational exposure, and stress LEARNINGOBJECTIVES  Define concepts and terminology within the area of biomechanics  Describe statics, kinematics and kinetics in human movement  Analyze and describe the motion of a body or system using qualitative and quantitative approaches  Demonstrate an understanding of how changes of movement patterns and techniques will influence the load on human tissues of the musculoskeletal system during movement  Apply knowledge of the underlying musculoskeletal principles and concepts of biomechanics including the core areas of human movements in upper and lower extremity  Understand and apply knowledge, tools and techniques used inErgonomics COURSE CONTENTS MID TERM BASICTERMINOLOGY  Biomechanics  Mechanics  Dynamics  Statics  Kinematics  Kinetics and anthropometries  Scope of scientific inquiry addressed by biomechanics  Difference between quantitative and qualitative approach for analyzing human KINEMATIC CONCEPTS FOR ANALYZING HUMAN MOTION  Common units of measurement for mass, force, weight, pressure, volume, density, specific weight, torque and impulse  Different types of mechanical loads that act on human body  Uses of available instrumentation for measuring kinetic quantities BIOMECHANICS OF TISSUES AND STRUCTURES OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM  BiomechanicsofBone  BiomechanicsofArticularCartilage  BiomechanicsofTendonsandLigaments  BiomechanicsofPeripheralNervesandSpinalNerveRoots  BiomechanicsofSkeletalMuscles BIOMECHANICS OF THE HUMAN UPPER EXTREMITY  Biomechanics of the Shoulder  Biomechanics of the Elbow  Biomechanics of the Wrist and Hand  Factors that influence relative mobility and stability of upper extremity articulation  Muscles that are active during specific upper extremity movements  Biomechanical contributions to common injuries of the upper extremity FINAL TERM BIOMECHANICS OF HUMAN LOWER EXTREMITY  Biomechanics of the Hip  Biomechanics of the Knee  Biomechanics of the ankle and foot  Factors influence in relative mobility and stability of lower extremity articulations  Adaptation of lower extremity to its weight bearing functions  Muscles that are active in specific lower extremity movements  Biomechanical contribution to common injuries of the lower extremity. ERGONOMICS OVERVIEW ANDCONCEPTUALFRAMEWORK  Ergonomics and Therapy: An Introduction  A client-Centered Framework for Therapists in Ergonomics  Macro ergonomics KNOWLEDGE,TOOLS ,AND TECHNIQUES  Ergonomic Assessments/Work Assessments  Anthropometry  Cognitive and Behavioral Occupational Demands of Work  Psychosocial Factors in Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders  PhysicalEnvironment  Human Factors in Medical Rehabilitation Equipment: Product Development and Usability Testing RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. Basic biomechanics of musculoskeletal system By: Nordin &Frankel, 3rd edition. th 2. Basic Biomechanics, By: Susan J. Hall 4 edition. 3. Additional study material as assigned by the tutor. rd 4. Ergonomics for the therapist by Karen Jacobs 3 edition mosby and Elsevier publishers BIOCHEMISTRY-I CREDIT HOURS 2(2-0) COURSE DESCRIPTION This course provides the knowledge and skills in fundamental organic chemistry and introductory chemistry that are essential for further studies. It covers introduction to the biomolecules i.e. amino acid, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, enzymes, and nucleic acid. The nutritional biochemistry concludes the course Learning objectives  Describe cell and body fluids in the context of chemistry and human biochemistry  Discuss the properties, classification, and functions of biomolecules with emphasis on amino acid, peptides, proteins, enzymes, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acid  Explain importance of nutritional biochemistry with emphasis on minerals, trace elements, vitamins, and balance diet. Course contents MID TERM Cell  Introduction to biochemistry  Cell: (Biochemical Aspects)  Cell membrane structure  Membrane proteins  Receptor and signal molecules Body fluids  Structure and properties of water  Weak acid and bases  Concept of pH and pK  Buffers, their mechanism of action  Body buffers Biomolecules Amino acids, peptides, and proteins  Amino acids: classification  Acid base properties  Function and significance  Protein structure, primary, secondary, super secondary and structural motifs  Tertiary and quaternary structure of protein  Protein domains  Classification of proteins  Fibrous proteins (collagen and elastins) and globular proteins Enzymes  Introduction  Classification and properties of enzymes  Coenzymes  Isozymes and proenzymes  Regulation and inhibition of enzyme activity and enzyme inhibitors  Clinical and diagnostic enzymology FINAL TERM Carbohydrates  Definition  Classification  Biochemical function and significance of carbohydrates  Structure and properties of mono and oligosaccharides  Structure and properties of polysaccharides  Bacterial cell wall  Hetero polysacchrides  GAGS Lipids  Classification of lipids  Fatty acids : chemistry  Classification, occurrence and functions  Structure and properties of triacylglycerol and complex lipids  Classification and function of eicosanoids  Cholesterol: chemistry, functions, and clinical significance  Bile acids/salts Nucleic acids  Structure, function and biochemical role of nucleotides  Structure and function of DNA  Structure and function of RNA NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY MINERALS AND TRACE ELEMENTS  Sources  RDA  Biochemical function and clinical significance of calcium and phosphorus  Sources  RDA  Biochemical functions and clinical significance of sodium, potassium and chloride  Metabolism of iron, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, I, F Vitamins  Sources  RDA  Biochemical function and clinical significance of fat soluble vitamins  Sources  RDA  Biochemical function and clinical significance of water soluble vitamins Nutrition  Dietary importance of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins  Balanced diet. RECOMMENDED BOOKS 1. Harpers Biochemistry by Robbert k. Murray, Daryl K. Granner, Peter, A. Mayes, Victor W. Rodwell, Latest Ed. 2. Lipincot Illustrated review of Biochemistry by Pamela C. Champe and Richard A. Harvey, Latest Ed. 3. Practical Clinical chemistry by varley 4. Textbook of Biochemistry by Devlin, 5th Ed. 5. Textbook of Medical Biochemistry Vol-I and II by M.A Hashmi. 6. Biochemistry by Stryer ,Lubert, latest Ed.