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When dopamine levels are high= hallucinations you see in schizophrenia and psychosis.  Norepinephrine= Responsible for flight, fight, or fright High levels of NE= antsy, nervous, and affect ability to focus.  What NTM is responsible for increased negative effect? 5HT and NE dysfunction What is Bipol...

When dopamine levels are high= hallucinations you see in schizophrenia and psychosis.  Norepinephrine= Responsible for flight, fight, or fright High levels of NE= antsy, nervous, and affect ability to focus.  What NTM is responsible for increased negative effect? 5HT and NE dysfunction What is Bipolar type 2- Symptoms last at least 4 days but < 7 days. Second step in selecting initial treatment includes: initiate/optimize therapy, choose monotherapy/ combination, optimize dose, & check for adherence The third step in selecting initial treatment includes: Add on/ switch therapy: Use alternate 1st line agent/add-on additional 1st line agent & if 1st line agent are not effective, may switch to 2nd line agent. factors associated with nonadhearence Medication factors: adverse effects & low treatment doses factors associated with nonadhearence Manifestation of bipolar dz: mixed episodes, rapid cycling, hallucinations, & bipolar disorder 1 factors associated with nonadhearence Comorbidities: Substance abuse & obsessive-compulsive disorder factors associated with nonadhearence Demographics: Male, younger, lower educational level, & single factors associated with nonadhearence Other: Poor insight, Negative, attitude, & low self-esteem. Lithium: (1st line tx for new onset bipolar) Lithium alerts transport in the nerve & muscle Lamotrigine (Lamictal) Take at HS d/t sedation SE Aripiprazole Appropriate for pt. who struggle with adherence Lithium is well established to help prevent suicide in clients with mood disorders Which brain region is affected when a patient is experiencing racing thoughts and grandiosity? Nucleus accumbens Rational: Prefrontal Cortex (PFC) is associated with : Concentration, Mental fatigue, & Mood Prefrontal cortex & Amygdala is associated with : Guilt, suicidality, worthlessness Prefrontal cortex (PFC)is associated with: Risk-taking & Talkative/pressured speech Nucleus Accumbens & PFC is associated with: Racing thoughts, grandiosity:  PFC & Amygdala is associated with​: Mood  Striatum is associated with: Physical fatigue & Motor/agitation Nucleus Accumbens is associated with: Pleasure interests, racing thoughts, & grandiosity Hypothalamus is associated with: Sleep, appetite Thalamus & Hypothalamus is associated with​: Decreased sleep/arousal