Medical Terminology (4) - Diagnosis and Intervention Lecture Notes PDF

Presented by D/Suzan Moustafa Hazzaa Professor of medical physiology Menoufia university  Diagnosis and intervention To better understand medical terms related to diagnoses and interventions, the definitions of the following terms is important: Normal range: acceptable limit....

Presented by D/Suzan Moustafa Hazzaa Professor of medical physiology Menoufia university  Diagnosis and intervention To better understand medical terms related to diagnoses and interventions, the definitions of the following terms is important: Normal range: acceptable limit. (hemoglobin: 14:16gm/dl). Pathologic: a condition involving a disease process. Diagnosis: naming a disease or condition. Prognosis: outcome of a disease or medical condition.  Basic examination procedures Vital Signs These are clinical measurements that indicate the function of the individual. The basic ones are (Pulse, respiration, temperature, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and pain). Vital sign (1) Pulse Is the number of heart beats per minute Respiration Measured by counting the rise and fall of the chest during breathing Temperature balance between heat lost and heat gain Measurement: thermometer therm/o = heat -meter = instrument used to measure different routes of measurement: oral, axilla, rectal  Vital sign (2) Oxygen saturation Refers to the measure of the concentration of oxygen Measurement: by using a pulse oximeter Blood pressure Refers to the pressure of the circulating blood on the blood (B.P) vessel walls Measurement unite: millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). It is formed of Systolic: maximum arterial pressure (contraction) Diastolic: pressure during relaxation  Four Techniques in Physical Examination Physical examination means collecting clinical data using the examiner’s senses, (sight, hearing, and touch). Inspection: Means: Sight Skill: Eyes are used to observe. e.g.: Checking for skin color Palpation: Means: touch Skill: Hands are used to feel size, consistency, and location of body parts. e.g.: Feeling for lumps Percussion: Means: hearing Skill: The fingertips are used to tap the body part to determine the size, borders, and consistency of body organs. Auscultation: Means: hearing Skill: A stethoscope is used to listen for sounds within the body. e.g.: Listening for breath sounds.  Diagnostic tests and procedures Word part Meaning Example --gram Record Electro/cardio/gram -graph Instrument for Radio/graph recording (the X-ray image) -graphy Process of recording Radiography (the technique of taking X-rays) Word part Meaning Example --meter Instrument used to measure Thermometer -metry Process of measuring Optometry / Spirometry -scope Instrument used in visual Endoscope examination -scopy Visual examination with a Endoscopy lighted instrument Endoscopy: (Endo/scopy) endo = inside + scopy = visual examination using a lighted instrument) Is one of the most common visualization procedures used in healthcare. It makes use of an endoscope (endo + scope) to view the internal body cavities or organs  Diagnostic radiology The following table lists word parts related to radiology. Combining Meaning Example form Ech/o Sound echocardiogram, sonography Son/o ‫ مخطط صدى القلب‬- ‫موجات صوتيه‬ electr/o electricity Electroconvulsive ‫الصدمات الكهربائيه‬ radi/o radiant energy Radiography tom/o to cut Tomography ‫تصوير مقطعى‬ ultra- excessive Ultrasonography ‫موجات فوق صوتيه‬  Body fluids The following table lists the frequently used parts of body fluid. Combining Meaning Word association form -crine Secretes Endocrine Lacrim/o tear/ cry lacrimation -emia Condition in the blood anemia hemlo Blood hemoglobin Lymph/o lymph Lymphatic vessels  Combining Meaning Word association form Muco- mucous Mucolytic poiesis production erythropoiesis -poietin Substance that causes Erythropoietin hormone production Py/o pus pyorrhea sial/o saliva Sialography Ur/o urine urinary