Digital Signal Processing Lecture 1 PDF

# Digital Signal Processing ## Lecture 1: Introduction to Digital Signal Processing **Dr. Jacqueline. J. George** **February 2021** ## Grading - Quizzes on Moodle: 30% - Exam: 70% - Total: 100% ## Recommended Books - Steven W. Smith, "The Scientist and Engineering Guide to Digital Signal Pr...

# Digital Signal Processing ## Lecture 1: Introduction to Digital Signal Processing **Dr. Jacqueline. J. George** **February 2021** ## Grading - Quizzes on Moodle: 30% - Exam: 70% - Total: 100% ## Recommended Books - Steven W. Smith, "The Scientist and Engineering Guide to Digital Signal Processing", California Technical Publishing. - P. Ramesh Babu, "Digital Signal Processing", Scitech Publication, 2014. - Proakis J.G. and Manolakis D.G., "Digital Signal Processing", Macmillan Publishing Company - Proakis J.G. and Manolakis D.G., "Digital Signal Processing: Principles, algorithms and applications", Prentice Hall, 2006. ## Course Contents - Introduction to Digital Signal Processing - Analog to Digital & Digital to Analog Conversion - Discrete Time Signals and Systems - Convolution & Correlation - The Discrete Fourier Transformation - The Z-Transforms - Introduction to Digital Filter Design ## Overview - Introduction - Signal, System, and Signal Processing - Analog vs. Digital Signal Processing - Advantages of Digital Signal Processing - DSP Applications - DSP Examples ## Signal - A signal is a physical quantity, or quality, which conveys information. **Example** - Voice of my friend is a signal which causes me to perform certain actions or react in a particular way. - My friend's voice is called an excitation. - My action or reaction is called a response. ## Signal Processing - The conversion from excitation to response is called signal processing. - The purpose of signal processing is to make it easier to extract useful information. - To process a signal, a system is used. A system is an entity that manipulates one or more signals to accomplish a function, thereby yielding new signals. ## Main Processing Operations - **Signal Enhancement:** The enhancement of a signal such as: - The signal amplification in radio, TV. - **Signal Restoration:** The restoration of a signal corrupted by noise or useless background such as: - Tuning in radio and TV. - Noise cleaning - Pick up the voice of a certain person in a party. - **Signal Reconstruction:** The reconstruction of a signal from different measurement such as: - Computerized Tomogram (CT) - Reconstruct 3D images from different 2D views. - **Signal Estimation:** The estimation of the future values from observed data, such as: - Stock prediction - Image compression - **Signal Synthesis:** Find a system that can generate the desired signal such as: - Speech synthesis or mixture - 3D sound synthesis ## Analog vs. Digital Signal Processing The document shows a diagram comparing analog and digital signal processing. The diagram shows an analog input signal being processed by an analog signal processor to create an analog output signal. It also shows an analog input signal being processed by a digital signal processor after being converted from analog to digital. ## Development of DSP - The development of DSP started in the 1960s and 1970s when digital computers became available - Computers were expensive during this time, and DSP was limited to only a few critical applications. **Original efforts were made in four key areas:** - **Radar & Sonar:** Where national security was at risk. - **Oil Exploration:** Where large amounts of money could be made. - **Space Exploration:** Where the data are irreplaceable. - **Medical Imaging:** Where lives could be saved. - The personal computer revolution of the 1980s and 1990s caused DSP to explode with new applications such as: - **Space** - Space Photograph enhancement. - Data Compression. - **Medical** - Diagnostic Imaging (CT and MRI). - Medical image storage/retrieval. - **Commercial** - Image and sound Compression. - Movie special effects. - **Telephone** - Echo reduction. - Signal Multiplexing - Filtering - **Military** - RADAR - Sonar processing - **Scientific** - Earthquake recording and analysis - Data acquisition - Spectral analysis - Simulation and Modeling ## Advantages of Digital Signal Processing - A digital programmable system allows flexibility in reconfiguring the DSP operations simply by changing the program. Reconfiguration of an analog system usually implies a redesign of hardware, testing, and verification that it operates properly. - DSP provides better control of accuracy requirements. - Digital signals are easily stored on storage media i.e. hard disk. - The DSP allows for the implementation of more sophisticated signal processing algorithms. - In some cases, a digital implementation of the signal processing system is cheaper than its analog counterpart. - DSP consumes relatively less power than analog counterpart. - DSP processor can be reused for many applications ## DSP Applications - Digital signal and image filtering - Text recognition - Music synthesis - Bar code readers - RADAR - Sonar processing - Satellite image analysis - Cellular telephones - Digital cameras - Detection of explosives - Echo cancellation - Signal and image compression - Noise reduction - High definition television (HDTV) - Digital audio - Encryption - Smart appliances - Home security ### Medical Applications - CT scans - Magnetic resonance image (MRI) scans - Diagnostic ultrasound imaging - Electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis - Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis - Medical image processing - Remote medical monitoring - Speech synthesis - Speech recognition - Hearing aid ## DSP examples - The document contains a diagram showing a digitized noisy input signal being processed by digital filtering to create a clean digital signal. - The document also shows a diagram of 50/60 Hz interference cancellation in electrocardiography. - The document contains a diagram showing an original image and an enhanced image. 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