DNA Lecture PDF

With Sir Jonas CLASSROOM RULES CLASSROOM RULES Concentrate & Cooperate with others Mind your own actions Engage in our class SUSPECT! SUSPECT!  ANNOUNCEMENT! "Attention, young detectives!...

With Sir Jonas CLASSROOM RULES CLASSROOM RULES Concentrate & Cooperate with others Mind your own actions Engage in our class SUSPECT! SUSPECT!  ANNOUNCEMENT! "Attention, young detectives! A mysterious case has emerged in our classroom. Detective Conan has called upon you to uncover hidden clues by questioning your fellow classmates."  DIRECTIONS 1. Your mission is to find someone who matches to the statement on the card. 2. Write their name in the corresponding square and ask for their signature to validate. 3. You will be given for about 3 minutes to roam around the classroom.  DIRECTIONS 4. After three minutes, finshed or not finished you must go back to your proper seats. 5. Through a draw-lots, you will share your findings briefly to the class and explain which classmate matched each clue and why. SUSPECT! SUSPECT! GUIDE QUESTIONS 1. What similarities do you observe in traits among your classmates? GUIDE QUESTIONS 2. How do you think certain traits are passed down from parents to their children? Can you provide examples from your own family? GUIDE QUESTIONS 3. Why do you think siblings may look similar but not exactly alike?  Learning Targets I CAN: identify the components of DNA; describe the structure of a DNA molecule through illustrations; and cite the significant role of DNA in forensic analysis for solving crimes. What is Cell? Cell Cell A cell is the smallest unit of an organism and cells are known as the Nucleus building blocks of life. Cell Nucleus "Brain of Nucleus the cell" GUIDE QUESTIONS 1. Why is the nucleus called the "control center" of the cell? GUIDE QUESTIONS 2. Where in the cell are chromosomes located? Chromosome Nucleus DNA GUIDE QUESTIONS 3. What does the acronym DNA stand for?  DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Sugar Macro-molecule [ stores the genetic material ] Deoxyribonucleic Acid refers to the molecule inside the cells that contains the genetic information and instructions for life. Deoxyribonucleic Acid Its main function is to store, transmit, and preserve genetic information necessary for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of living organisms. GUIDE QUESTIONS 4. How would you describe the structure of DNA? double helix It consists of two parallel strands of DNA "twisted" around each other. james NOSTAW and CISFRAN crick james watson and francis crick discovering dna In 1950, American biologist James Watson and English physicist Francis Crick built on the work of other scientists to discover DNA structure where it consists of two helical strands twisted around each other in a double helix. discovering dna They discovered that DNA is made of two strands coiled into a double helix shape. Each strand, it contains a chain of repeating units called nucleotides. GUIDE QUESTIONS 5. What three parts make up a single nucleotide? nucleotide It is the basic building block of nucleic acids in which DNA is composed of.  parts of a nucleotide Phosphate Nitrogenous base Pentose Sugar parts of a nucleotide pentose sugar pentose sugar pentose sugar 1' pentose sugar 1' 2'  pentose sugar 1' 3' 2'  pentose sugar 4' 1' 3' 2'  5' pentose sugar 4' 1' 3' 2' parts of a nucleotide 5' 4' 1' 3' 2' GUIDE QUESTIONS 6. What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of? dna strand The sides of the DNA ladder are made of alternating sugar and phosphate molecules.  Sugar- Sugar- phosphate phosphate backbone backbone  5' 3' "Antiparallel" Two DNA strands are both parallel with each other but runs in opposite direction. 5' to 3' and 3' to 5' respectively. 3' 5' 5' 3' 3' 5' GUIDE QUESTIONS 7. What are the 4 nitrogenous bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? 4 nitrogenous bases Cytosine Guanine Thymine Adenine GUIDE QUESTIONS 8. How do the bases bond together? A bonds with _____ G bonds with _______ complementary base pairing rule "A always pairs Adenine Thymine with T" "C always pairs with G" Cytosine Guanine  Let's Practice! One strand of DNA has the base sequence TACGATTGA What is the complementary strand of DNA?  Guanine(G) and Cytosine (C) are held by 3 hydrogen bonds. Adenine (A) and Thymine (T) are held by 2 hydrogen bonds. sci- "Something other than the double helix"  SILENT WITNESSES  “Detectives, in every crime scene, there are silent witnesses. Your task is to observe the images I will flash on the screen and describe what you see."  GUIDE QUESTIONS 1. Just like what you have seen in shows or movies about crimes being solved, why do you think DNA is important in solving crimes? GUIDE QUESTIONS 2. What other types of evidence, besides DNA, do investigators use in crime-solving shows or movies?  GUIDE QUESTIONS 3. How does DNA evidence make the process of solving crimes more reliable compared to other methods? TWIST OR PEACE DIRECTIONS: If the statement is TRUE, 🤞🏻 make a “TWIST” hand ✌🏻 gesture “󰛢 ”, while make a “PEACE” hand gesture “󰜭 ” if the statement is FALSE. TWIST PEACE 1. DNA stands for deoxyridonucleic acid. 2. The basic components of DNA include phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous bases. 3. In a DNA molecule, adenine pairs with guanine, and cytosine pairs with thymine.  4. DNA evidence is commonly used in forensic science to link a suspect to a crime scene or victim.  5. If you leave a strand of hair or a fingerprint at a crime scene, it’s possible that DNA analysis could help identify you as a suspect.