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# 5.2 Development of Building Systems Building systems or structures can be categorized based on various criteria. A selection is summarized in the following table: | Criterion | Expression | Example | |---|---|---| | **Location relative to ground surface** | High-rise, low-rise | Buildings, stree...

# 5.2 Development of Building Systems Building systems or structures can be categorized based on various criteria. A selection is summarized in the following table: | Criterion | Expression | Example | |---|---|---| | **Location relative to ground surface** | High-rise, low-rise | Buildings, streets | | **Function** | Residential, healthcare, education, transportation | Single-family homes, hospitals, schools, bridges | | **Construction materials** | Wood, stone, concrete, steel, glass | Blockhouses, castles | | **Support systems** | Supports or trusses, cables, beams, and slabs, plates, folded structures, barrel vaults or domes, membranes | House frames, skyscrapers, factory roofs, Olympic Stadiums in Munich | | **Production methods** | Prefabrication, customized, workshop or construction site or mason work concrete construction | Single-family and multi-family homes, buildings with flat roofs | ## 5.2.1 Stages of Bridge Development The development of bridge systems, including its types (Figure 1), is shown as an example. The basic types of bridges are beam bridges, arch bridges and suspension bridges. **Development stages:** The first bridges were beam bridges made of wood or stone (Figure 2). Due to its nature, these bridges could not span large distances, and were limited to spans of a few meters. The main support structures of these types of bridges can experience high levels of stress and may collapse. To span large distances, these bridges have to be divided into smaller sections with support pillars. **Figure 1: Bridge types** *(Image Description: The image shows simple diagrams of a beam bridge, an arch bridge, and a suspension bridge. The beam bridge is a simple horizontal beam supported by two vertical pillars. The arch bridge is a curved structure supported by two piers. The suspension bridge has a hanging roadway supported by cables, with several towers visibly supporting the bridge.)* **Figure 2: Beam Bridge/ arch bridge** *(Image Description: A simple sketch/diagram of a beam and an arch bridge.)*