DISP LAB.pdf

PHDisp01: DISPENSING (Prescription Reading and mediation-related problems, medication safety and medication counselling) | LABORATORY MODULE 1: GOOD DISPENSING PRACTICES 3rd Year | 2nd Semester | A.Y. 2021-2022 TRANSCRIBED BY: Jayvee T. Pangilinan LECTURER: Mr. Asher Allyson A. Tulabut Good Dispensing Practices Who can write prescriptions? The term good can be mean of good in terms of In the US: process or good ethically or good for the patient. o M.D or D.O (osteopathic doctor) o Physician Assistants ✓ Who can write prescriptions? Doctors, o Nurse Practitioners Dentists and Veterinarians. o Certified nurse midwives ✓ Where should medication be sold? FDA- o Dentists licensed drugstores/ FDA- licensed hospital o Clinical Pharmacists* pharmacies. Generally, online selling of drugs or in marketplace online are not check In the Philippines: o M.D and not monitored by FDA so, medications o DMD should only be sold in FDA-licensed stores. o DVM ✓ Who has the RIGHT to dispense? o Registered Midwife* (Midwives are Pharmacists, pharmacy assistants mostly seen in birthing homes. Without Note: Doctors are not allowed to dispense the presence of Obgyne, midwives can medications but, if they are licensed pharmacist- prescribe medications but not Rx, it is physician, they are allowed. usually for women’s health. Such as ✓ How to decode a prescription? Read, assess, ferrous sulfate, multivitamins, folic acid and validate. etc (OTC drugs). Introduction Where should medication be sold? In 2010, a study by a group of nurses at the “No pharmaceutical product, of whatever nature and Philippine Heart Center (PHC) found that kind, shall be compounded, dispensed, sold or resold, Prescribing errors constituted 90.8 percent of or otherwise be made available to the consuming the medication errors committed in an institution. public, except through a retail drug outlet duly 92.5 % are from Dispensing errors which licensed by the FDA.”. - RA 10918 represents the LARGEST source of medication Establishments errors. (Carino, et.al 2010) 1. Category A - Direct and immediate control Note: Prescribing error- wrong prescribe/wrong and supervision of a duly registered and interpretation that may lead to medication error licensed pharmacist is required. This also Dispensing error- wrong dispense/wrong includes manufacturing and distribution of interpretation that may lead to medication error medications. A study conducted in the four main service wards Pharmacist must be present all of the Philippine General Hospital (PGH). throughout the operation of the Paracetamol, Omeprazole, Ferrous sulfate, establishment and Tramadol are some of the most common Medications available: drugs involved with medication errors. ✓ Pharmacist only-OTC Prescribing errors are the most common type of medications medication error stated in the study. ✓ Prescription medications Examples: Drugstores, Hospital pharmacy, Manufacturing pharmacy 1| Angeles University Foundation | College of Allied Medical Professionals PHDisp01: DISPENSING (Prescription Reading and mediation-related problems, medication safety and medication counselling) | LABORATORY MODULE 1: GOOD DISPENSING PRACTICES 3rd Year | 2nd Semester | A.Y. 2021-2022 TRANSCRIBED BY: Jayvee T. Pangilinan LECTURER: Mr. Asher Allyson A. Tulabut 2. Category B - Establishments/outlets where available, pharmacy assistant has the the supervision and oversight of a duly authority to dispense. registered and licensed pharmacist. ✓ A report shall be made to the supervising Not direct or immediate, just pharmacist within 24 hours after the supervision, it does not need 24-hour occurrence of the emergency so that product supervision of a pharmacist recording in the prescription books can be Retail outlets with OTC medications done. Satellite institutional pharmacies (big ✓ Note: One requirement in a drugstore is a companies with clinics- company prescription logbook, all prescriptions served nurse) are put there either fully served or partially Examples: Supermarkets, served. Convenience stores (7-eleven), S&R. Dispensing Pharmacist-OTC only medications Dispensing refers to the sum of processes performed The following are dispensed by the pharmacists or by a licensed pharmacist: the pharmacy assistants with supervision of a pharmacist: 1. Reading 2. Validating A. NSAIDs 3. Interpreting prescriptions Aspirin 4. Preparing Ibuprofen 5. Packaging Ibuprofen + Caffeine 6. Labeling (in the new pharmacy law, one B. Antihistamines section requires labelling of any drugs that Cetirizine are being dispensed in the pharmacy Chlorphenamine especially for the maintenance drugs; Diphenhydramine labelling includes drug name, name of the Loratadine patient and medication, quantity and signa C. Cough remedies along side with expiration date and name of Dextromethorpan dispensing pharmacist) Bromhexine 7. Record keeping (prescription logbook) Guaifenesin 8. Dose calculations 9. Counseling & giving other information Note: Good Dispensing Practice is focus on retailed (including how and when to take the drug stores that are more on dispensing medication via direct contact or interaction with the customers or medication, storage condition of medications, patients. Good Distribution Practice is focus on etc.) distribution aspect of medications to the drugstores THREE CONCEPTS: or hospitals. During handling and interpretation of a prescription, Who has the RIGHT to Dispense? remember these concepts: ✓ Prescription drugs and pharmacist-only OTC Legality- is the Rx correct in terms of legal medicines shall be dispensed only by a duly information provided? registered and licensed pharmacist. ✓ In case of emergency, where the services of a Example, prescription of dangerous drugs. registered and licensed pharmacist are not Prescribing dangerous drugs requires an S2 2| Angeles University Foundation | College of Allied Medical Professionals PHDisp01: DISPENSING (Prescription Reading and mediation-related problems, medication safety and medication counselling) | LABORATORY MODULE 1: GOOD DISPENSING PRACTICES 3rd Year | 2nd Semester | A.Y. 2021-2022 TRANSCRIBED BY: Jayvee T. Pangilinan LECTURER: Mr. Asher Allyson A. Tulabut license from a physician. S2 license is a 2. Understand and interpret the prescription license that authorize the physician to Read and understand the prescription prescribe dangerous/regulated drugs. Identify and interpret if abbreviation Therefore, if the prescription with is used by the prescriber (bid, tid, etc., dangerous/regulated drugs lacks details then, some may use 1-1-1 (morning, it is not valid. That is the time you stop afternoon, evening), 1-0-0 (every prescription interpretation. morning), so on and so forth.) Example, date of the prescription should be If not legible, may ask for the patient's compared with the number of days the drug condition. This will narrow down the is prescribed. If the date of the prescription is medication used by the patient. 1 year ago, then the customer used it. You should be aware because it is not valid. Check also how many days the drug should be taken. Like if the drug prescription indicates 7 days but, it does not match with the date of the prescription, it is not valid. Legibility- common problem encountered. There are 3. Prepare and label the medication properly prescriptions that are impossible to identify because Label should include: of illegibility which may lead to medication error. o Patient name o Birth date Use of E-prescription (printed prescription) o Medication may lessen medication error and it is legible enough. (Generic name, Brand name) Completeness- check if the prescription is complete. o Dosage For example, is the dosage form written? Is the age strength and Dosage form of the patient written? Is duration/quantity of the o Signa drug is written? And many more. o Expiration date Dispensing Process o Dispensing RPh 4. Double/Triple Checking 1. Receive and Validate the Prescription Make a final check Confirmation of identity (ask if the Counterchecking if possible buyer, he/she is [name] written in the 5. Recording prescription, or what is the Prescription is retained- fully served relationship of the buyer with the prescriptions/ Rx prescriptions that name written in the prescription) are already filled. By the law, those Cross Checking (check if the patient should be left in the pharmacy. But know why he/she was prescribed by a some that needs instructions, the medication. For example, do you patient may take a picture of his/her have hypertension and alike) prescription. Identify what type of prescription (Rx Prescription is returned to patient - drug or dangerous drug prescription) partially filled prescriptions Prescription logbook (Red) - red cover for distinction. 3| Angeles University Foundation | College of Allied Medical Professionals PHDisp01: DISPENSING (Prescription Reading and mediation-related problems, medication safety and medication counselling) | LABORATORY MODULE 1: GOOD DISPENSING PRACTICES 3rd Year | 2nd Semester | A.Y. 2021-2022 TRANSCRIBED BY: Jayvee T. Pangilinan LECTURER: Mr. Asher Allyson A. Tulabut 6. Issuance of the medication with counseling Clean, orderly, and attractive with a sign Medication instructions – including or symbol of Pharmacy (FIFO, FEFO) storage of medication Provision of a waiting area for patients/clients while they are waiting for Remember: Medication should be placed in an their prescription to be filled. appropriate container. Some medications should be Always clean and organized protected from light (e.g., Nitroglycerin when Sufficient space exposed to light will cause decomposition). - use of Controlled Temperature and Humidity amber bottles No loud and unnecessary noise Some medications should be maintained at Cold temperature (2-8 C). (e.g., Insulin should be refrigerated BEFORE opening, Room temp AFTER insulin is opened.) Good Dispensing Practice ✓ It ensures that an effective form of the medication is delivered to the RIGHT patient in the RIGHT dosage and quantity with IDEAL Community Pharmacy! (MERIN CLEAR instructions stored in RIGHT PHARMACY) [DAVAO] package that maintains the potency and stability of the medication. ✓ All pharmacists are expected to abide by current standards such as the Philippine Practice Standards for Pharmacists, Good Laboratory Practice, Good Distribution C. Equipment and Packaging materials Practice, Good Manufacturing Practice and Spatula Good Clinical Practice, which are deemed Pill Counter- dispense lose tablet vital in the performance of their roles and Graduated cylinder- reconstitutes functions in different practice areas. suspensions Mortar and Pestle- for compounding Factors affecting Good Dispensing Practice “paper tablet” - reduction of dose A. Staff qualification (babies/newborn) Knowledge on medications Glass and spatula- block and divide of Pharmaceutical Calculations powders Good Communication Skills Paper- to cover paper tablets Critical Thinking skills Orange vials- common packaging in US Good Hygiene Attributes accuracy and honesty B. Dispensing Environment Prescription counter should be accessible to the patient (good space to cater prescriptions) 4| Angeles University Foundation | College of Allied Medical Professionals PHDisp01: DISPENSING (Prescription Reading and mediation-related problems, medication safety and medication counselling) | LABORATORY MODULE 2: COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR PHARMACISTS 3rd Year | 2nd Semester | A.Y. 2021-2022 TRANSCRIBED BY: Jayvee T. Pangilinan LECTURER: Mr. Asher Allyson A. Tulabut Introduction Observation and Assessment It is important that we acquire or apply good Ability to interpret non-verbal communication skills which in return may result in a communication and respond in a way that satisfied customer and that will then be also a good encourages continued interaction indication for our career as a pharmacist. Poor Body language and Gestures- important communication skills may cause harm to the patient because these implies/teachers/shows us the especially when the instructions or the prescription is implication of the patient, or yourself not well explained or if there is miscommunication o Eye-level Communication- to prevent regarding the proper intake of the medication. any kind of superiority, it should be eye level. If you are seated, the patient should Communication Skills be seated, if not, they may be intimidated. Interaction of pharmacist between Body Language client/patient and healthcare team. GESTURE OR Two types: IMPLICATION POSTURE 1. Verbal Communication Skills 1. Steepling of the Confidence Active Listening hands Observation and Assessment 2. Raising the hand Desire to interrupt 2. Written Communication Skills 3. Shifting body Desire to interrupt position NOTE: Communication skills can be learned. Shutting out of the 4. Crossing the arms Verbal Communication Skills other person Active Listening 5. Leaning toward the Receptiveness speaker Listen, Understand, and Respond to patient. 6. Raising the hands Make that person feel the CENTER of and then letting them Hopelessness attention fall o Focus on the patient/healthcare provider 7. Frequent Throat and avoid any interruptions that may Disagreement clearing cause wrong impression from the Gest patient. Examples: Prevent/minimize interruptions How to recognize an active listener: Pays attention Eye contact Asks targeted Barriers to Verbal Communication questions Repeat what you 1. Physical Barriers said (assures that you really listen) Grills and bars in the pharmacy- because Mentally repeats what was said you can’t see the customer well or talk to them properly. 1| Angeles University Foundation | College of Allied Medical Professionals PHDisp01: DISPENSING (Prescription Reading and mediation-related problems, medication safety and medication counselling) | LABORATORY MODULE 2: COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR PHARMACISTS 3rd Year | 2nd Semester | A.Y. 2021-2022 TRANSCRIBED BY: Jayvee T. Pangilinan LECTURER: Mr. Asher Allyson A. Tulabut 2. Lack of Privacy Charting is a privilege granted by each This happens when the receiving area institution or organization to individual lacks privacy, so the patient may not tell health care professionals. everything or limit what he/she says. Medication record involves the There should be a space for patient demographics of the patient (name, address, counselling among patients with age), and weight and others. sensitive conditions The communication of doctors of the patient May result in inaccurate patient and recording of progress notes of the information patients and where the doctors write Patients with Infectious disease (e.g., something is in the patient’s chart. Patient with Pulmonary TB) Guidelines for Writing Medical Record Notes Patient with STD, HIV, Cancer 3. The Telephone/Cellphone 1. Use Black ink only Telephone order by physician 2. Writing clearly and legibly. Important: There should be a “Read back 3. Label notes with specific descreptive process”- you repeat what the person has headings (e.g Pharmacy, Cardiology, said, it is like a form of validation. Nephrology, etc.) 4. Date and Time EXAMPLES: 5. Organize the information using SOAP (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan) 6. Sign the note at the end of the note with Showing superiority. name and title. Example of Medical notes: Physical Barrier- grills and bars Lack of privacy Written Communication Skills In hospital setting: medical chart- includes diagnosis, assessments, and drug orders SOAP: In community setting: prescription- fully or partially served Subjective and Objective- physician Documenting Patient Medical Record assessments based on subjective and Charting of health care providers in the objective details of the patient. Patient chart Assessment - based on the information gathered from the subjective and objective Plan- advice of the physician 2| Angeles University Foundation | College of Allied Medical Professionals PHDisp01: DISPENSING (Prescription Reading and mediation-related problems, medication safety and medication counselling) | LABORATORY MODULE 2: COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR PHARMACISTS 3rd Year | 2nd Semester | A.Y. 2021-2022 TRANSCRIBED BY: Jayvee T. Pangilinan LECTURER: Mr. Asher Allyson A. Tulabut Communicating with Patients o The best way to deal with such Ineffective communication leads to patients is to be as professional and confusion and misunderstanding and may direct as possible. Chronically Ill patients contribute to inappropriate decisions regarding drug therapy, in return may cause o Chronically ill patients know more about patient harm the management of their disease than many health care professionals. Information needs to identify: o Just remind them, and don’t be intimidated. 1. Patient Titles o Be flexible enough to communicate on Some patients are offended by being an appropriate level wrongly addressed. Critically Ill patients Mr., Ms., Mrs., Rev., Dr. o Patients are sleep deprived, drowsy from May ask the patient what his/her pain meds, uncomfortable from preferred title is. procedures 2. Respect for the Patient o Understand their situation Respond to the patient as a PERSON, o Speak to them when entering and not a prescription or case. leaving the patient’s room Not call the patients with their disease Culturally Diverse Patients like, “ah yung may TB”, “nandyan na o Patients from other countries and yung may diabetes” different religions 3. Questioning Techniques o Respect the patient and do not impose Pharmacist, not the patient, controls the Philippine health care cultural beliefs on patient-pharmacist interaction. the patient. Pharmacist are acquiring information Patients in Embarrassing Situations Balance the use of open-ended and o Most patients find discussions related to close-ended questions, open ended are sex, intimate body parts, and bodily preferrable functions embarrassing Use nonverbal encouragement by o Be Professional in handling these smiling and nodding when appropriate. patients 4. Medical jargon o Some clues if the patient is embarrassed: Try to use easy to understand medical can’t do eye contact, blushing, terms to patient stammering, closed body language, Prevent misinterpretation of medical excessive nervous small talk, and terms questioning unrelated matters. 5. Patient Instruction Balance the patient’s desire for Sample Scenario 1 information with the need for Patient RA, a 55 y/o male managed as a case of Type information 2 Diabetes in your institution. While you conduct 6. Special Situations discharge instruction for his anti-diabetic Antagonistic Patients medication, he ask for you in private about him o These are patients that do not want to experiencing erectile dysfunction and seeking for talk to any healthcare provider. advice for it. How will you handle the situation? He/she does not need to talk. 3| Angeles University Foundation | College of Allied Medical Professionals PHDisp01: DISPENSING (Prescription Reading and mediation-related problems, medication safety and medication counselling) | LABORATORY MODULE 2: COMMUNICATION SKILLS FOR PHARMACISTS 3rd Year | 2nd Semester | A.Y. 2021-2022 TRANSCRIBED BY: Jayvee T. Pangilinan LECTURER: Mr. Asher Allyson A. Tulabut ✓ Patient needs privacy, give the patient 5 Step process for providing Drug Information privacy, and actively listen to what he is Define and understand the question saying. As much as possible, don’t laugh and Search for the answer (from valid be professional. references) Sample Scenario 2 Evaluate and compile the facts Formulate an answer Patient EA, a 32 y/o female is recently diagnosed Follow up with Vaginal candidiasis comes to your pharmacy with a prescription of Metronidazole + Miconazole Pharmacist-Nurse Communication vaginal suppository. She told you that It’s her first Communication should be clear, on point, time to use a suppository and ask you on how to use and timely. it. How will you handle the situation? Read back process is the key to avoid ✓ Patient needs privacy, give the patient errors privacy, and actively listen to what she is Problems encountered: saying. Instruct on how to use suppository. o The use of telephone as primary means Explain and be professional, and don’t laugh. of communicating. ✓ To resolve: better to write - Communicating with Health care professionals documented Poor communication leads to frustration and o Nurses’ request “STAT” meds which are lack of respect among professions and may not considered STAT meds. compromise patient care. ✓ Check and be knowledgeable on the Pharmacist- Physician Communication STAT meds. Pharmacist- Nurse Communication Pharmacist-Pharmacist Communication Pharmacist-Physician Communication Key points Many Pharmacists are intimidated by o Importance of Endorsement- take note on physicians. what you endorse from the patient that o In drug therapy, we need to act as you did not resolve. Tell it to the next medication expert and take a stand. shift pharmacist to resolve what you did Stay within the pharmacist’s area of not just in case your shift is done. expertise o Misconception of a Regular pharmacist o Don’t overstep in physicians’ area of vs. Clinical pharmacist- Dispensing and expertise like in diagnosing. clinical pharmacist should communicate Be prepared for: and help each other. o Specific questions o Specialization of Pharmacist (if there is o Facts and recommendations any)- you put the pharmacist where If the physician initiates: he/she excels or likes - lessen the burden o Listen carefully because there is a point person. o Assess the information or question o Community vs. Hospital pharmacist- o Ask for additional info until clear and Community RPh should coordinate with specific the hospital RPh, especially if only the hospital has the drug that the patient buys (referral). 4| Angeles University Foundation | College of Allied Medical Professionals PHDisp01: DISPENSING (Prescription Reading and mediation-related problems, medication safety and medication counselling) | LABORATORY MODULE 3: COLLABORATION OF PHARMACISTS WITH OTHER HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS 3rd Year | 2nd Semester | A.Y. 2021-2022 TRANSCRIBED BY: Jayvee T. Pangilinan LECTURER: Mr. Asher Allyson A. Tulabut Introduction Pharmaceutical Care - is a practice Collaborative practice is required due to the philosophy in which pharmacists collaborate increased chronic disease burden, the aging directly with other healthcare professionals population, the expansion of sophisticated and with the patient to optimize medication therapeutic modalities, and rapidly rising use through identifying, resolving and healthcare costs. preventing medication-related problems. Clinical pharmacy embraces the philosophy The main reason in the need of collaborative practice is to reduce the burden of the patient of pharmaceutical care (collaborate to in general, reduce the overall healthcare optimize, and counsel medications) which limits hospitalization, since the patient Importance of Clinical Pharmacy manage properly his/her condition with Collaboration is critical to ensuring patient proper counselling of medication by the pharmacist. safety and optimal clinical outcomes, Collaboration between health professionals is ultimately enhancing high-value care. The collaboration of Health-System fundamental to good quality healthcare. “Working Together for Better Health pharmacist to Community pharmacist is Outcomes” important to maintain the continuity of patient’s effective drug therapy. Multi-disciplinary collaboration is essential o This is true, for example, if the patient is to provide the best possible care to patients/clients. admitted in the hospital, hospital pharmacist is the one that is The multidisciplinary collaboration between health professionals is an essential part of knowledgeable in the drug therapy of the providing comprehensive and patient- patient. When the patient is discharge, community pharmacist is now the time to centered care. We work together with other healthcare providers to focus on patient and step up. This is to ensure that the patient improve their quality of life. continues to receive proper treatment, dosage, and administration of drug (form Collaborative Pharmacy Practice of endorsement)- collaborative practice Health-system Pharmacist- other term for The advanced clinical practice where pharmacists collaborate with other healthcare hospital pharmacist, clinical pharmacist, and professionals in order to care for patients and some pharmacist that are working in clinics public. or small hospitals. An important aspect of collaborative practice Establishing effective physician-pharmacist collaboration that differentiates it from other aspects of Awareness and trust building (the pharmacist pharmacy practice is that the pharmacist works in close collaboration with other and physician should be aware that they can collaborate; they need to build trust) healthcare professionals. Appropriate training of pharmacists (the Main role of pharmacist: collaborate with doctors in management of patients. pharmacist should be trained in a manner where he/she is updated with the current n Role of the Pharmacist treatment guidelines of the physician) Clear professional role definition and From compounding and dispensing medications to more patient-centered care. guidelines (there should be a thin line what a 1| Angeles University Foundation | College of Allied Medical Professionals PHDisp01: DISPENSING (Prescription Reading and mediation-related problems, medication safety and medication counselling) | LABORATORY MODULE 3: COLLABORATION OF PHARMACISTS WITH OTHER HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS 3rd Year | 2nd Semester | A.Y. 2021-2022 TRANSCRIBED BY: Jayvee T. Pangilinan LECTURER: Mr. Asher Allyson A. Tulabut pharmacist can do, and what a physician can o Pharmacist must have updated clinical do. Do not overstep.) training to build trust and have excellent Improving patients’ perceptions about credentials. pharmacists (this is difficult, because of the Lack of communication lack of knowledge of the public about the Patient’s negative perception pharmacist, we should instill into their minds o Build good foundation on what’s the role that pharmacist are experts in the of a pharmacist in managing the patients medications. To do this, we explain, and in terms of their medications. counsel patient regarding his/her Logistic and financial issues medications, to build up the pharmacy o We don’t have a control about his, but we profession) can offer alternatives like offering Identifying patients who may benefit from generic medications to lessen the burden pharmacist intervention (patients that may of the patient. Since financial issues may benefit are those who are buying in the lead to patient non-compliance with their pharmacy, and those with chronic diseases medication. because they are using many medications. Benefits of Collaboration practice Chronic diseases like hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipemia, these are common diseases that Improvement in the management of chronic requires pharmacist, or patients with those diseases (HTN, Dyslipidemia, Arrhythiams, diseases can benefit from pharmacist Heart Failure, DM, Asthma, Osteoporosis, intervention since, these people use many and Psychiatric disorders). medications that are prone to therapeutic o This type of diseases requires one of more duplication. Therapeutic duplication means medications, so pharmacist has the role patient used medications with the same action for the patient drug therapy to improve or result. For example, using two laxatives, the management of these diseases and we may eliminate one drug to lessen the decrease healthcare costs. Pharmacist burden to the patient.) can: Pharmacists’ access to patient records ✓ Check/identify for possible side (records like previous medications, effects demographics, past medical history, lab ✓ Counsel the patient about their results - to have background of the patient.) medications Effective communication (this lessens Increased medication appropriateness medication related errors) o Check if the medication prescribed is appropriate to the patient, treats the Barriers to effective Collaboration practice condition of the patient (no therapeutic Physician’s negative attitude (some duplication). traditional physician does not want help of Decreased occurrence of medication-related others healthcare providers): problems and ADRs. o They are not open for collaboration. o By knowing drugs ADR, we can prevent o Pharmacist may overstep them. For example, if the patient is taking Uncertainty regarding pharmacists’ clinical Aspirin, they he complains that his training and judgement stomach aches, so recommend him to 2| Angeles University Foundation | College of Allied Medical Professionals PHDisp01: DISPENSING (Prescription Reading and mediation-related problems, medication safety and medication counselling) | LABORATORY MODULE 3: COLLABORATION OF PHARMACISTS WITH OTHER HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS 3rd Year | 2nd Semester | A.Y. 2021-2022 TRANSCRIBED BY: Jayvee T. Pangilinan LECTURER: Mr. Asher Allyson A. Tulabut take aspirin with food or an enteric coated lessen ER admission because of medication tablet of aspirin. adherence. Increased communication with patients, Role of Pharmacist in Asthma patients improved patients’ medication knowledge and adherence. Effective asthma management requires a o Increase trust and will make them feel multidisciplinary approach that includes the comfortable about you. So, they may ask physician, pharmacist, patient, and the more questions about their medications. patient’s family. o If the patient knows about his/her Inhalation therapy is the cornerstone of medication, there will be medication asthma therapy. It allows delivery of the drug adherence. directly to the intended site of action Decreased morbidity and mortality, (respiratory system), minimizes systemic improved patient health outcomes side effects, and requires a lower dose of Reduced physician workload drugs. o Lessen the visit of the patient, because of Common drug that produces systemic side the compliance of the patient with his/her effects (asthma therapy): when taken orally medication. are steroids. Steroids may cause Decreased healthcare cost immunosuppression, prone to infection, lowers the white blood cell count. Through Retrospective Cohort Analysis of glycemic control. A inhalational therapy, it lessens side effects quality assurance project. since it is also cleared/excreted through Objective: To compare the glycemic control respiratory. in diabetic patients supervised by physicians RPh role is to educate patients on asthma and pharmacists vs. patients receiving medications, provide training on inhalation standard care in the same health care system. technique, address patients’ concerns around Significant Result: Pharmacists were 5 the potential side effects of medications, and times more likely to have patients achieve improve adherence to treatment. HBA1c levels of 7% or lower than other o Salbutamol- a beta agonist, which is health care providers. taken every four hours, it can cause palpitation because of the shifting of the NOTE: HBA1c levels is a diagnostic parameter potassium in the blood into the muscle - wherein you measure the blood glucose of the patient hypokalemia (create palpitations). in percentage, where this usually the range in between there months (validity). Role of Pharmacist in COVID-19 Economic and Clinical Outcomes: Having Providing patients with the most current pharmacists be diabetes primary care information, and correcting misinformation, providers, results in similar or better about COVID-19 prevention and outcomes as those offered by other providers management. in the health care system. (Common s/e of metformin: gastric irritation, lactic acidosis NOTE: Treatment guidelines of COVID is fast (leg cramps). paced, everyday there are various recommendations. Before, the start of COVID, ritonavir is used an HIV NOTE: Pharmacist also reduces health care cost of drug, which is not used today. Hydroxychloroquine patient by reducing patient visit to physician and in 2020, anti-malarial drug, and can also be used in 3| Angeles University Foundation | College of Allied Medical Professionals PHDisp01: DISPENSING (Prescription Reading and mediation-related problems, medication safety and medication counselling) | LABORATORY MODULE 3: COLLABORATION OF PHARMACISTS WITH OTHER HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS 3rd Year | 2nd Semester | A.Y. 2021-2022 TRANSCRIBED BY: Jayvee T. Pangilinan LECTURER: Mr. Asher Allyson A. Tulabut treatment of gouty arthritis (because of viral RNA replication)- not used because of side effects. NOTE: Valid sources to get new information are FDA Philippines, DOH, Philippine Society of Infectious Disease Specialist. Serving as a key resource to providers, patients and the public in evaluating the literature related to new or repurposed medications for COVID-19. (Now, they use Molnupiravir, but it has a lowered efficacy because of the new variants. Other countries used Paxlovid (Pfizer), which is not yet available in the PH, but soon because it has EUA- emergency use authorization.) Assisting patients and their providers in obtaining off-label medications to treat COVID-19. For example, remdesivir, a broad-spectrum antiviral medication, initially evaluated as a treatment for Hepatitis C, Ebola and Marburg viruses, has received FDA emergency use authorization for COVID- 19. Increasing engagement in using telehealth to manage chronic care and COVID-19 medication education. o In 2020, there are misconceptions about people who have chronic disease like hypertension and diabetes. They are afraid to go outside, in return their drug stocks depleted, and their diseases cause re-occurrence. We should engage in telehealth and practice counseling (physician used tele-consultation) to manage chronic diseases. Also educate people about COVID-19 medications. 4| Angeles University Foundation | College of Allied Medical Professionals

Related

Transcript

Tags

Upgrade to continue