Engineering Ethics PDF

IT2201 Engineer as a Person of Character Thoughts are an individual's ideas, attitudes, values, worldviews, and A person of character values honesty and integrity and pays whatever price is needed mindsets. to be worth...

IT2201 Engineer as a Person of Character Thoughts are an individual's ideas, attitudes, values, worldviews, and A person of character values honesty and integrity and pays whatever price is needed mindsets. to be worthy of trust, earning the pride of family and friends and self-respect. It takes o Positive thoughts result in your choosing productive actions. a good heart but also requires wisdom to know right from wrong and the discipline o Negative thoughts result in your choosing non-productive actions. to do right even when it’s costly, inconvenient, or difficult. (Kong, 2016) Feelings – are the emotions an individual has. o Positive feelings produce positive thoughts, which in turn lead to Who is a person of character? productive actions. A person of character plays “fair” even when others don’t and values no o Negative feelings produce negative thoughts, which lead to non- achievement unless attained with honor. productive actions. A person of character has strong convictions yet avoids self-righteousness. Judgments can be analyzed based on actions, thoughts, and feelings. A person of character believes in the inherent dignity of all people and treats everyone with respect, even those whose ideas and ideologies evoke Negative attitudes that could produce negative results in engineering study: strong disagreement. Weak commitment to the goal of graduating in engineering A person of character deals with criticism constructively and is self- Low self-confidence confident enough to take good advice, admit and learn from mistakes, feel Unrealistic view of what’s expected to succeed (overconfidence) and express genuine remorse and apologize graciously. Lack of self-worth (leading to a tendency to sabotage your success) A person of character knows what is important, sacrifices the now for later, External “locus-of-control” (i.e., adopting a “victim” role) controls attitudes and actions, overcomes negative impulses and makes the Unwillingness to seek help (thinking that seeking help is a sign of weakness) best of every situation. Resistance to changing your behaviors and attitudes A person of character willingly faces fears and tackles unpleasant tasks. Tendency to procrastinate (having a negative view about the idea of A person of character is consistently and self-consciously kind and managing your time) empathetic, giving generously without concern for reward. Avoidance of areas of weakness or perceived unpleasantness (e.g., writing, A person of character feels and expresses gratitude freely and frequently. oral presentations, difficult courses) A person of character is not defeated by failure or dissuaded by Reluctance to study with other students disappointment. Negative view toward authority figures (parents, professors, engineering A person of character seeks true happiness in living a life of purpose and professionals) meaning, placing a higher value on significance than success. Behavior Modification: Achieving Change (Landis et al., 2019) Personal Development (Landis et al., 2019; Moaveni, 2015) Step 1. Knowledge — “You know what to do.” Understanding yourself is an essential aspect of becoming a productive and happy o Invest in the knowledge of strategies and approaches to enhance person. As Benjamin Franklin noted: “There are three things extremely hard: steel, your effectiveness as an engineering student. a diamond, and to know oneself.” Understanding yourself is a lifelong process Step 2. Commitment — “You want to do it.” because human beings are very complex. o A commitment to doing something typically relies, first and Actions, what you say and do, are one part of human behavior. foremost, on a change in attitudes. To do this, the individual must o Productive actions support the achievement of your goals. be aware of attitudes, particularly those obstructing growth. o Non-productive actions do the opposite: they interfere with or Step 3. Implementation — “You do it.” work against achieving your goals. 06 Handout 1 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 1 of 4  IT2201 o It is probably the most difficult step to take. Change can be hard, It can be understood as the rules of conduct proposed by a society or no matter how knowledgeable and committed you may be. recognized concerning a particular class of human actions or a particular group or culture. Abraham Maslow created the hierarchy of needs, leading to Motivation as the inner NOTE: The ethical decisions and moral values of an engineer need to be considered drive that propels behaviors and actions. because the decisions of an engineer have an impact on the products and services At the apex of the hierarchy of needs, self-actualization means fully - how safe they are to use, the company and its shareholders who believe in the developing your abilities and ambitions. You need to reach your highest goodwill of the company, the public and the society who trusts the company potential, or put it, “to do your best.” regarding the benefits of the people, the law which cares about how legislation o From this, self-esteem influences what we choose to do, how we affects the profession and industry, the job and his moral responsibilities and treat others, and whether we are happy. about how the environment gets affected, etc. ▪ Self-efficacy - one’s sense of competence. (Driving Force) ▪ Self-respect - one’s sense of personal worth. (Identity) A moral issue can be understood as an issue to be resolved by considering the technical stuff and keeping moral values in mind. Moral issue is a working definition Engineering Ethics (Tutorialspoint, n.d., Landis, et al., 2019) of moral concern, which is presented as any issue with the potential to help or harm Engineering is developing an efficient mechanism that quickens and eases anyone, including oneself. the work using limited resources with the help of technology. Ethics is the Micro-ethics - This approach stresses more on the daily problems in set of principles accepted by society, which also equate to the moral engineering and its practice by engineers. standards of human beings. An engineer with ethics can help society in a Macro-ethics - This approach deals with social problems which are better way. unknown. However, these problems may unexpectedly face the heat at Ethics refers to the study of morality and the moral choices we all have to regional and national levels. make. Engineering Ethics is the study of decisions, policies and values that are Types of Moral Inquiries morally desirable in engineering practice and research. The issues can be resolved by following a step-by-step investigation procedure to understand the issue clearly. Engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity as Normative Inquiry refers to the description that describes what one ought members of the engineering profession. Engineers must perform under a standard to do under a specific circumstance. It is the expected ideal response, which of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest principles of ethical might differ from what one believes is right or wrong. conduct. (NSPE) Conceptual Inquiry describes the meaning of concepts, principles and issues related to engineering ethics. The ethics an engineer should possess to Morality and Ethics (Tutorialspoint) protect the public's safety, health welfare, etc., are described under Morals are the principles or habits concerning right or wrong of one’s conduct. conceptual inquiries. No one imposes them. Morals are what you think is good and bad. One’s Factual or Descriptive Inquiry helps provide the facts for understanding and personality always defines morals. Morals can be changed according to finding solutions to value-based issues. The engineer has to conduct factual one’s beliefs as they completely depend on one’s perception of ethical inquiries by using scientific techniques. values. Ethics are rules or principles generally considered as standards or good and bad or right and wrong, which an external group, a society, or a profession usually imposes. 06 Handout 1 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 2 of 4  IT2201 Steps to Deal with Issues (Tutorialspoint) Integrity − The moral integrity has to be maintained. Being honest and Whenever an issue occurs, one should possess a few skills to sort out the problem. having strong moral principles helps one to resolve an issue efficiently. The The issues that engineers face must be dealt with with patience, and a few moral individual must also consider other’s professional lives and personal goals must be kept in mind while dealing with such issues. convictions while solving a problem. Moral Awareness − One should be able to recognize the moral problems and issues that occur in Engineering. Analyzing the problem is necessary to Engineer’s Creed differentiate and judge according to ethics or the rules to follow. The engineer’s creed is a statement of belief, similar to the Hippocratic oath taken by Cogent Moral Reasoning − The argument must be assessed and medical practitioners. The engineer’s creed is typically used in graduation comprehended to conclude on an issue. The argument on both sides has to ceremonies or licensure certificate presentations. The NSPE Engineer’s Creed is: be considered with all the probabilities, and the nature of the argument To give the utmost of performance. should be logical and moral. To participate in none but honest enterprise. Moral Coherence − After having gone through all the logical and moral facts, To live and work according to the laws of man and the highest standards consistent and comprehensive viewpoints are to be formed based upon a of professional conduct and consideration of relevant facts. To place Moral Imagination − The moral issues and the practical issues have to be o service before profit, dealt with separately. Alternative responses are to be found for dealing with o the honor and standing of the profession before personal moral issues, while creative solutions should be found for practical advantage and difficulties. o the public welfare above all other considerations. Moral Communication − The language used to communicate one’s moral I make this pledge in humility and with the need for Divine guidance. views should be so precise and clear that the expression or words should not alter the original meaning. With the engineer’s creed, these are definitions that should be studied carefully: Academic Dishonesty refers to behavior that includes cheating on tests, Important Skills for Ethical Reasoning (Tutorialspoint) homework assignments, lab reports; plagiarism; lying about being sick and Moral Reasonableness − The ability and willingness to be morally not taking a test because of it; signing the attendance sheet for another reasonable that one should have while dealing with such issues. Justice student or asking another student to sign the sheet for you in your absence. cannot be done unless one is willing to improve such ability. Plagiarism – It refers to presenting someone else’s work as your own. You Respect for Persons − The persons involved in the issue should be treated may use or cite the work of others, including information from journal with genuine concern by one. Such concern should also be there with articles, books, online sources, TV, or radio, but make sure that you cite oneself and for others. where you obtained the information. Tolerance of diversity − One should have a broader perspective towards Conflict of Interest - A conflict between the individual’s interests and ethnic and religious differences that the people have. Every person differs obligations because of their position. from another when compared on the grounds of moral reasoning. The A contract is an agreement between two or more parties, which they acceptance of those differences is really important. entered freely. A legal contract is legally binding, meaning it could have legal Moral Hope − The moral conflicts can be resolved by using better consequences if not fulfilled. communication and having rational dialogue that is evidence-based and Professional Responsibility - It is the responsibility associated with the open-ended, which is acceptable and appreciated by both parties. mastery of a special kind of knowledge that a person possesses and the use of knowledge for the well-being and benefit of society. 06 Handout 1 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 3 of 4  IT2201 References: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) & IEEE Computer Society (IEEE-CS). (2020). Computing Curricula 2020: Paradigms for Global Computing Education. Retrieved from https://www.acm.org/binaries/content/assets/education/curricula- recommendations/cc2020.pdf Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) & IEEE Computer Society (IEEE-CS). (2016). Computer Engineering Curricula 2016: Curriculum Guidelines for Undergraduate Degree Programs in Computer Engineering. Retrieved from https://www.acm.org/binaries/content/assets/education/ce2016-final- report.pdf CHED Memorandum Order No. 87 – Series of 2017. Policies, standards and guidelines for the bachelor of science in computer engineering (BSCpE) effective (AY) 2018-2019 [Memorandum and Annex III] Engineering Ethics – Introduction. (n.d.). In Tutorialspoint.com. Retrieved on 2022, March 9 from https://www.tutorialspoint.com/engineering_ethics/engineering_ethics_introd uction.htm Kong, F. (2016). To become a person of character. PhilStar Global. Retrieved on 2022, May 8 from https://www.philstar.com/business/2016/07/16/1603248/become-person- character Landis, R., Peuker, S. & Mott, J. (2019). Studying engineering: A road map to a rewarding career [5th ed.]. Discovery Press. Moaveni, S. (2019). Engineering fundamentals: An introduction to engineering [5th ed.]. Cengage Learning. 06 Handout 1 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 4 of 4