OntarioTech University MECE3260U: Introduction to Energy Systems Lecture 2: Dimensions of Energy and Sustainability PDF

Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science MECE3260U: Introduction to Energy Systems Lecture 2: Dimensions of Energy and Sustainability Dr. Ibrahim Dincer Professor of Mechani...

Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science MECE3260U: Introduction to Energy Systems Lecture 2: Dimensions of Energy and Sustainability Dr. Ibrahim Dincer Professor of Mechanical Engineering  OUTLINE  Introduction  Environmental Impact  Three Key Targets  Five Key Drivers  Energy Dimensions  Energy Projections  Energy Intensity  Energy Efficiency  Sustainability  Closing Remarks 2  Some Major Projects Hydrogen and ammonia technologies Alternative Renewable fuels and energy production technologies technologies CERL Electric and Energy hybrid storage electric technologies vehicles Hybrid and integrated energy systems 3 https://www.worldenergydata.org/world-energy-trends/ 4 5 6  The $2 Trillion Transition: Canada's road to Net Zero https://thoughtleadership.rbc.com/the-2-trillion-transition/ 7 8 9  Source: UNESCO www.nature.com 10 https://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=-RSrviqvAmY https://www.worldenergydata.org/world-energy-trends/ 11 https://www.worldenergydata.org/world-energy-trends/ 12  The poorest 10% accounted for just 0.5% and the wealthiest 10% accounted for 59% of all the consumption. (Source: Oxfam) On average, one American consumes as much energy as  2 Japanese  6 Mexicans 13,246.00 kWh per capita in USA  13 Chinese 16,406.00 kWh per capita in Canada??  31 Indians Source: Worldbank  128 Bangladeshis  307 Tanzanians http://public.wsu.edu/~mreed/380American%20Consumption.htm 13  370 Ethiopians  HISTORICAL TARGETS  To search for energy sources.  To live in a clean and safe environment.  To generate useful commodities (power, heat, etc.) needed to make societal life safer and more comfortable. 14 https://www.e-education.psu.edu/earth104/node/1347 15 16  homedesigngreenenergy.com 1 Eta Joule is equal to 1.018 Joule Watt = Joule/second https://zolushka4earth.wordpress.com/tag/energy-budget/ 17 18 19  Five Major Drivers 1. Population: Population drives the need for sustenance; it requires the development of technical means of providing a food supply in the form of agriculture and livestock. Further, aggregation of populations (communities) drives the need for engineered environments (buildings, roads, bridges, traffic lights) in the form of cities, states, and nations. 2. Production: Large populations, with division of labor, drive the need for manufactured product, measured in affluence, in the form of gross domestic product, the total value of goods produced, and productivity (the amount produced per capita per unit time). 3. Power: Power is the time rate of doing work (in hp or kW) that satisfies the need for abundant energy to achieve a desired objective. 4. Pollution: Pollution, the aftermath of human endeavors, drives the need for a clean, safe habitat; this reflects the importance attached to the health of the biosphere. 5. Partnership: There is a strong need to develop partnership to overcome local and global issues.. Source: Modified from: Alternative Energy Resources, P. Kruger, John Wiley & Sons, New York (2006). 20 Energy: the capacity for doing work Power: the time rate of doing work Here, some SI prefixes: kilo (k for 103), mega (M for 106), beva (B for 109), tera (T for 1012) and peta (P for 1015). 21 22  Growth Dynamics of Projections To understand the limitations imposed on the quest for abundant energy, it is helpful to understand the arithmetic of exponential growth. There are two major ones, such as linear growth and exponential growth. Forecasting (projection) of future values of a variable from recent history generally is based on extrapolation of the most recent sequence of prior values of the variable that has a well- established historical growth rate. A useful tool for estimating a mean growth rate is the statistical method of regression (trend) analysis. This method is especially useful for evaluating the relationship between two variables, for example, chronological behavior of a parameter such as population as a function of time. The data may follow a linear, exponential, logarithmic, or power series relationship. The relationships of interest in forecasting future energy demand are linear and exponential relationships: Y = a + bX (linear) or Y = a×exp(bX) (exponential) where a, b: constants 23  Energy Intensity The distribution of energy consumption can be examined in terms of energy intensity, which describes the amount of energy used by a population or nation in units of energy per capita or energy per monetary unit of gross domestic product (GDP). 24 Energy Intensities of Countries 25 https://www.aceee.org/international-scorecard 26 Energy Efficiency Scorecards for Provinces in Canada https://www.scorecard.efficiencycanada.org 27 https://www.ginger-recruitment.co.uk/explore-the-top-10-renewable- energy-trends-in-2024/ 28  Education Dimensions of Sustainability Energy Economy Sustainability Ethics Environment 29 Example: Integrated sustainability assessment model for energy systems Hacatoglu-Dincer-Rosen (2015) 30 Distribution of priority factors based on the four schemes for the main indexes used for the sustainability assessment model 31 32  Conclusions Carbon emissions Canada’s net zero target Primary energy supply Energy consumption Historical targets Energy sources Five major drivers Energy projections Energy intensity Energy efficiency scorecards Sustainability 33