MECE3260U Introduction to Energy Systems PDF

Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science MECE3260U-Introduction to Energy Systems Renewable Energy Based Integrated Systems Dr. Ibrahim Dincer Professor of Mechanical Engineering  Outline Introduction ...

Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science MECE3260U-Introduction to Energy Systems Renewable Energy Based Integrated Systems Dr. Ibrahim Dincer Professor of Mechanical Engineering  Outline Introduction Goals Why System Integration? Case Study Examples Closing Remarks 2  GOALS Better efficiency Better Better design and resources analysis use Better Better Sustainability Better cost management effectiveness Better Better energy security environment 3  Why System Integration? To develop the concepts for more efficient, cost effective, environmentally benign power, heat, hot water, cooling, hydrogen, fuel production systems 4 Examples from Food Industry 5  Multigeneration Power Heating 2 𝑂𝑂1 Single generation: 𝜂𝜂 = Cooling 𝐼𝐼 O1 Hot water 𝑂𝑂1 + 𝑂𝑂2 Cogeneration: 𝜂𝜂 = 4 𝐼𝐼 O2 𝑂𝑂1 + 𝑂𝑂2 + 𝑂𝑂3 Hydrogen Trigeneration: 𝜂𝜂 = 𝐼𝐼 I Process O3 Fresh water 𝑂𝑂1 + 𝑂𝑂2 + 𝑂𝑂3 + 𝑂𝑂4 6 Quadgeneration: 𝜂𝜂 = 𝐼𝐼 Drying 𝑂𝑂1 + 𝑂𝑂2 + 𝑂𝑂3 + 𝑂𝑂4 + ⋯ + 𝑂𝑂𝑛𝑛 Ngeneration: 𝜂𝜂 = Refrigeration 𝐼𝐼 On 8 Less Sustainable More Sustainable 80 75 Efficiency Matters! 70 Exergy efficiency (%) Quadro-generation 65 Tri-generation 60 55 Cogeneration 50 Single generation 45 40 150 190 230 270 310 350 6 Source temperature (°C)  Conventional Energy Sustainable Energy System System (SES) 1 Possible system Heavily fossil fuels Renewables improvement for better sustainability Losses Process Useful Output Losses Process Useful Output Emissions Less emissions Sustainable Energy Sustainable Energy System (SES) 2 System (SES) 3 Renewables Renewables Output 1 Output 1 Less Less Output 2 Output 2 Losses Losses Process Multigeneration Useful Process Multigeneration Useful Outputs Outputs Output 3 Output 3 Output 4 Output 4 Recovered losses Recovered emissions Less emissions Less emissions Less Sustainable More Sustainable 7 7 Case Study: Energy and Exergy Assessments of a New Trigeneration System Based on Organic Rankine Cycle and Biomass Combustor (by Al-Sulaiman- Dincer-Hamdullahpur) Objectives To examine the feasibility of integrating biomass combustor with ORC and using the waste heat from the ORC for heating and cooling loads. To assess the energetic and exergetic performances of the considered trigeneration plant. 8  Introduction Mechanical power Power Power Mechanical Electrical Electrical Fuel Fuel Powergenerator generatorunit unit generator generator Power Waste heat Heating unit Cooling unit 9  System Description 3 Electrical Biomass Biomass generator combustor Organic cycle combustor turbine Cyclone Power Air 17 18 19 ORC Biomass 16 evaporator 4 Ash ORC Thp,2 20 2 Heating Heating 1 process Thp,1=40 C process 5 ORC pump Condenser Tco,2 6 Desorber Tco,1=30 C ` 7 12 13 Refrigerant expansion valve Solution heat exchanger 8 11 14 Single-effect Solution pump Solution expansion absorption chiller 10 15 valve 9 Evaporator Absorber Tev,2 Tev,1=12 C Tab,1=30 C Tab,2 10  System Modeling: Energy Formulation of the System.. Net electrical Wnet W net η el =. Electrical to rel ,h = efficiency (m LHV ) biomass heating ratio Qh. Cooling. Wnet + Qcooling. Electrical to W net cogeneration η cog ,c = rel ,c = efficiency. (m LHV ) biomass cooling ratio Qc Heating.. cogeneration Wnet + Qheating η cog ,h =. efficiency (m LHV ) biomass... Trigeneration Wnet + Qcooling + Qheating ηtri = efficiency. (m LHV ) biomass 11  System Modeling: Exergy Formulation of the System. Net electrical Wnet exergetic η ex ,el =. efficiency ( β m LHV ) fuel Cooling.. cogeneration Wnet + (1 − T 0 / Tev) Qcooling exergetic efficiency η ex ,cog ,c =. ( β m LHV ) fuel Heating.. cogeneration Wnet + (1 − T 0 / Th) Qheating exergetic efficiency η ex ,cog ,h =. ( β m LHV ) fuel... Trigeneration Wnet + (1 − T 0 / Tev ) Qcooling + (1 − T 0 / Th) Qheating exergetic efficiency η ex ,tri =. ( β m LHV ) fuel 12  Input Values to the System Input values to the system ORC ORC turbine efficiency 80% ORC pump efficiency 80% Effectiveness of the ORC evaporator 80% Baseline ORC pump pressure ratio 100 Mass flow rate 7 kg/s Baseline turbine inlet pressure 2000 kPa ORC pump inlet temperature 365 K Pinch point temperature of the ORC evaporator 40 K Electrical generator efficiency 95% Chilling cycle Overall heat transfer coefficient of desorber 70 kW/ K Overall heat transfer coefficient of condenser 80 kW/ K Overall heat transfer coefficient of evaporator 95 kW/ K Overall heat transfer coefficient of absorber 75 kW/ K Effectiveness of solution heat exchanger 70% Ambient condition Ambient temperature 298.15 K Ambient pressure 101.3 kpa 13  Effect of ORC Pump Inlet Temperature Change 100 600 550 80 ηel 500 W net (kW) ηcog,c Efficiency (%) 60 ηcog,h ηtri 450. 40 400 20 350 0 300 340 350 360 370 380 340 350 360 370 380 T1 (K) T1 (K) Effect of pump inlet temperature on the Effect of pump inlet temperature on the electrical efficiency at P3 =2,000 kPa. power at P3 =2,000 kPa. 14  Effect of ORC Turbine Inlet Pressure Change 100 600 550 80 ηel 500 W net (kW) Efficiency (%) 60 ηcog,c ηcog,h ηtri 450. 40 400 20 350 0 300 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 P 3 (kPa) P 3 (kPa) Effect of turbine inlet pressure on the efficiency Effect of turbine inlet pressure on the at T1 =365 K. electrical power at T1 =365 K. 15  Overall Exergy Destruction 60 Exergy destruction % 50 40 30 20 10 0 Biomass ORC Heating Turbine Other combustor evaporator process components Overall exergy destruction at baseline values (P3=2000 kPa and T1 =365 K.) 16  Solar-Trigeneration System 16 Valve I 17 3 Electrical Parabolic 24 generator ORC 20 Hot trough 23 storage tank 25 ORC ORC turbine Power solar Parabolic evaporator-b trough Storage Storage solar collectors HEx collectors pump I 2b 4 26 30 Cold 22 Storage pump II storage tank ORC evaporator-a Heating Thp,2 Heating 29 process 28 27 process 21 Thp,1=40 C 19 18 2a 1 5 Valve II Solar pump ORC pump Condenser Tco,2 6 Desorber Tco,1=30 C ` 7 12 13 Refrigerant expansion valve Solution heat exchanger Single-effect 8 Solution 11 14 Solution expansion absorption pump 10 15 valve chiller Evaporator 9 Absorber Tev,2 Tev,1=12 C Tab,1=30 C Tab,2 17 Biomass source: Rice husk Schematic representing the solar-based rice husk gasification system for multigeneration. 18  Biomass type: Rice husk A schematic diagram of the solar-biomass based energy system employing gas turbine cycle, reheat Rankine cycle, CuCl cycle and absorption chiller. 19  Biomass type: Dry olive pits Schematic illustration of the integrated solar-biomass multigeneration system. 20  Layout of the developed multi-generation system. 21 Biomass type: Biomass wastes  Closing Remarks Renewable energy systems System integration Multigeneration 22