Diabetes Medications Question Bank PDF

16. What unique side effect do SGLT2 inhibitors cause? a) B12 deficiency b) Glucosuria Correct: b) Glucosuria Rationale: SGLT2 inhibitors prevent glucose reabsorption, leading to glucose in urine. 17. Which medication works through PPAR-gamma? a) Pioglitazone b) Sitagliptin Correct: a) P...

16. What unique side effect do SGLT2 inhibitors cause? a) B12 deficiency b) Glucosuria Correct: b) Glucosuria Rationale: SGLT2 inhibitors prevent glucose reabsorption, leading to glucose in urine. 17. Which medication works through PPAR-gamma? a) Pioglitazone b) Sitagliptin Correct: a) Pioglitazone Rationale: Thiazolidinediones work through PPAR-gamma to increase insulin sensitivity. 18. What is the mnemonic for GLP-1 agonists? a) "Do not LAG" b) "Gulping down TIDE" Correct: b) "Gulping down TIDE" Rationale: Helps remember drugs ending in -TIDE belong to GLP-1 agonist class. 19. Which insulin has no peak time? a) NPH b) Glargine Correct: b) Glargine Rationale: Long-acting insulins like Glargine have no peak, providing steady basal coverage. 20. What is the first-line oral medication for Type 2 diabetes? a) Sulfonylurea b) Metformin Correct: b) Metformin Rationale: Metformin is first-line due to efficacy and safety profile. 21. Which medication requires monitoring for bone fractures? a) Metformin b) Pioglitazone Correct: b) Pioglitazone Rationale: Thiazolidinediones increase fracture risk and require bone health monitoring. 22. What is the primary mechanism of metformin? a) Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis b) Increases insulin release Correct: a) Inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis Rationale: Metformin primarily works by reducing liver glucose production. 23. Which class of medications ends in "-flozin"? a) DPP-4 inhibitors b) SGLT2 inhibitors Correct: b) SGLT2 inhibitors Rationale: All SGLT2 inhibitors end in -flozin (canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin). 24. What adverse effect is associated with alpha-glucosidase inhibitors? a) GI upset and bloating b) Lactic acidosis Correct: a) GI upset and bloating Rationale: These drugs prevent carbohydrate breakdown, leading to GI symptoms. 25. Which medication is a synthetic amylin? a) Pramlintide b) Linagliptin Correct: a) Pramlintide Rationale: Pramlintide is a synthetic amylin that works alongside insulin. 26. What is the peak time for regular insulin? a) 1 hour b) 2.5 hours Correct: b) 2.5 hours Rationale: Regular insulin peaks at 2.5 hours and lasts 4-6 hours. 27. Which drug class requires monitoring for respiratory infections? a) DPP-4 inhibitors b) Sulfonylureas Correct: a) DPP-4 inhibitors Rationale: DPP-4 inhibitors can increase risk of respiratory infections. 28. What is the mnemonic for NPH insulin? a) "Do not LAG" b) "Not Particularly Hasty" Correct: b) "Not Particularly Hasty" Rationale: Helps remember NPH is intermediate- acting. 29. Which medication can cause disulfiram reaction? a) Sulfonylureas b) Meglitinides Correct: a) Sulfonylureas Rationale: Sulfonylureas can cause disulfiram-like reaction with alcohol. 30. When does rapid-acting insulin peak? a) 1-1.5 hours b) 2.5 hours Correct: a) 1-1.5 hours Rationale: Rapid-acting insulins peak quickly for meal coverage. 31. Which medication works in the proximal tubule? a) Metformin b) Canagliflozin Correct: b) Canagliflozin Rationale: SGLT2 inhibitors work in kidney proximal tubule. 32. What characterizes long-acting insulin? a) No peak time b) Peak at 8 hours Correct: a) No peak time Rationale: Long-acting insulins provide steady basal coverage without peaks.