Demography and Health 2. Week-1 PDF

NUT 107 Demographic Structure and Health İstanbul Kent University Nutrition and Dietetic Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Topics Week 1 Basic Demog...

NUT 107 Demographic Structure and Health İstanbul Kent University Nutrition and Dietetic Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Topics Week 1 Basic Demographic Concepts and Data Sources Week 2 Demographic Indicators Week 3 World population Week 4 Population Structure and Change Week 5 Fertility/ Mortality Week 6 Migration and Urbanization Week 7 Midterm Week 8 Population Policies/ Population and Nutrition Week 9 Maternal and Child Health Week 10 Anthropometric Indicators of Nutrition Week 11 Sustainable Development Goals Week 12 Homework Presentation Week 13 Homework Presentation Week 14 Homework Presentation Lecturer Beyzanur Week 15 Final Exam ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Demographic Indicators Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Why Do We Need Demographic Indicators? Indicators are needed because they eliminate differences based on population size and enable comparisons. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Demographic Indicators Rate Mean Ratio Probability Median Proportion Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Arithmetic Mean It is obtained by dividing the sum of the values of the observations by the number of observations. e.g. 25,33 : Arithmetic mean : Total data count Since the data set is as follows, : Data valuewhat is the arithmetic mean? 25-30-42-27-15-13 Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Median The value (observation) that divides the values in a data set into two equal parts is called the median. That is, 50% of the observations in a data set are above the median. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Median Median calculation for unclassified data: If there is an odd number of observations in a data set, the median is the midpoint after sorting from smallest to largest. e.g. The number of times 9 volleyball players played for the national team is as follows. 5,6,4,7,5,8,38,7,4 median value? 4,4,5,5,6,7,7,8,38 Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Median Median calculation for unclassified data: If the number of observations is even, after sorting from smallest to largest, the median is equal to the mean of the two observations at the midpoint. E.g. Exam results of a group of students: 65,75,72,50,34,59 median value? 34,50,59,65,72,75 (59+65)/2= Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL 62 Nutrition and Dietetic Median Median calculation for classified data: Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic e.g Age group Population Cumulative population 0-4 4165 4165 5-9 5277 9442 Median value? 10-14 5595 15037 15-19 4779 19816 20-24 3722 23538 25-29 2512 26050 30-34 1764 27814 35-39 1404 29218 40-44 1133 30351 45-49 1058 31409 50-54 1051 32460 55-59 950 33410 60-64 959 34369 Lecturer Beyzanur 65+ 612 34981 ÇAMLIBEL Toplam 34981 Nutrition and Dietetic e.g. Age group Population Cumulative population 0-4 4165 4165 5-9 5277 9442 15+ (17491 - 15037) x 5 4779 10-14 5595 15037 15-19 19-15=4+1= 5 4779 19816 -4779 20-24 3722 23538 25-29 2512 26050 30-34 1764 27814 35-39 1404 29218 40-44 1133 30351 17,57 45-49 1058 31409 50-54 1051 32460 55-59 950 33410 60-64 959 34369 Lecturer Beyzanur 65+ 613 34981 ÇAMLIBEL Toplam 34982 /2 Nutrition and Dietetic e.g. Age group Population Cumulative population 0-4 3849 3849 5-9 4018 7867 Median value? 10-14 4210 12077 15-19 4294 16371 20-24 3639 20010 25-29 3077 23087 30-34 2637 25724 35-39 2467 28191 40-44 2178 30369 45-49 1712 32081 50-54 1434 33515 55-59 1215 34730 60-64 1094 35824 Lecturer Beyzanur 65+ 2145 37969 ÇAMLIBEL Toplam 37969 Nutrition and Dietetic e.g. Age group Population Cumulative population 0-4 3849 3849 5-9 4018 7867 20+ (18985 - 16371) x 5 3639 10-14 4210 12077 15-19 4294 16371 20-24 24-20=4+1=5 3639 20010 -3639 25-29 3077 23087 30-34 2637 25724 35-39 2467 28191 40-44 2178 30369 23,6 45-49 1712 32081 50-54 1434 33515 55-59 1215 34730 60-64 1094 35824 Lecturer Beyzanur 65+ 2145 37969 ÇAMLIBEL Toplam 37969 /2 Nutrition and Dietetic Median The median is a measure of the mean used when there are extreme observations, and the distribution is skewed. The median is not affected by extreme values as it provides information about the midpoint of observations in the data set. However, the arithmetic mean is affected by extreme values. The median is a weaker indicator than the arithmetic mean. This is because the arithmetic mean takes into account all observations. Whereas, in the median, at most two observations should be taken into account. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Median Value Examples Median Age Median Income Median Age at Marriage Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Ratio It is simply one number divided by another number. Ratio=x/y (x and y are independent of each other) It is obtained by dividing two different variables or events within a whole by each other and multiplying by a multiple number (100; 1000 etc.). Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Ratio e.g. A subpopulation divided by another subpopulation. Gender Ratio: P men*k 336835*100 = 105,4 P women 319582 105.4 men for every 100 women Disease Ratio: Number of patients per 100 healthy people Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  Proportion It means that the numerator is fully contained by the denominator. Can take a minimum value of 0 and a maximum value of 1 Proportions are usually expressed as a percentage. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  RATIO MEAN PROPORTION Ratio, mean, and proportion are indicators of static situations. They do not measure change. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Examples of Ratios Age Dependency Gender Ratio Ratio Crude Birth Crude Ratio Mortality Ratio Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  Rate It is the number of incidents occurring in a given period of time divided by the population at risk of being exposed to that incident in the same period of time. ✔The denominator is not just population. ✔It shows how many people are at risk and for how long. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  Rate It is a measure of the dynamics of change. It indicates the relative frequency of occurrence of a particular event in a population or subpopulation. Rate examines the frequency of occurrence of events over a given time interval. Birth Disease Death Migration Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Elements of Rate 1) Duration (minutes, years, centuries...) 2) Must be an event (births in one year) 3) Having a group that can and will experience this event. Rates are usually expressed in thousands. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  Elements of Rate e.g. Deaths in traffic accidents in a year divided by total population or number of car occupants How many births per 1000 people per year (Crude Birth Rate) How many out of 1000 live births die in a year How many out of 1000 people in a community are infected with influenza (Disease Rate) Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Rate and Ratio Difference a= Event, number of patients b= Number of healthy people N(a+b)= Number of all individuals (sick + healthy) k= Number of multiples (100;1000) Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  e.g. In a village of 1200 people, 400 people have contracted Covid-19. What is the disease rate and ratio in this village? Lecturer Beyzanur 1200-400=800 ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  e.g. In a town of 85480 people, 18720 people have contracted Covid-19. What is the disease rate and ratio in this village? 85480-18720=66760 Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  Rates (Vital Statistics) Morbidity (disease) indices, Fertility indices, Mortality (death) indices, Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Morbidity Rates a. Prevalence Rate 1. Point Prevalence Rate (Daily) 2. Duration Prevalence Rate (Disease "Case"/Monthly-Yearly) 3. Duration Prevalence Rate (Patient "Person" / Monthly-Yearly) 4. Average Prevalence Rate b. Incidence Rate 1. Incidence Rate (Disease-Case) 2. Incidence Rate (Patient-Person) Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Morbidity Rates a) Prevalence Rate : It is a measure of the prevalence of diseases in the population. It shows how many people out of every hundred (%) are sick (old or new), the multiple can be 100, 1000, 10000 or 100000 depending on the prevalence of the disease. It shows the frequency of old and new cases in the community or population at risk. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Morbidity Rates a) Prevalence Rate : The prevalence rate is calculated especially for chronic diseases. This rate can be calculated separately for the disease and the patient, or it can be calculated on a point (daily), monthly or annual basis (duration or period). Prevalence-Rate: Number of Old and New Tuberculosis Persons/Total Populationx100 (Tuberculosis -Year) Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Morbidity Rates a.1 Point Prevalence Rate (Daily) Point Prevalence Rate (Daily): On the 13th day of March, Number of Old-New Diseases/ Population at Riskx100 a.2. Duration Prevalence (Monthly) Rate Duration Prevalence (Monthly) Rate Number of All Old-New Diseases (Cases) in March/Number of Population at Riskx100 (Diseases-Cases) Duration Prevalence (Monthly) Rate Number of Old-New Patients (Persons) / Population at Riskx100 (Patients- Persons) in March Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Morbidity Rates a.3. Mean Prevalence Rate Mean Prevalence Rate (Monthly): Average Daily Number of Patients in March/Population at Riskx100 (The total number of patients in a month is divided by the number of days in that month (30/31) to get the average number of patients per day) Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Morbidity Rates b) Incidence Rate: It is calculated by dividing the number of new cases by the population at risk. It shows how many people out of every hundred (%) are newly infected with the disease; the multiple can be 100, 1000, 10000 or 100000, depending on the incidence of the disease. This rate can be calculated separately for the disease and the patient (case). Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Morbidity Rates b) Incidence Rate: Incidence Rate: Number of new cases during the period under review/population at risk x 100 (Disease-case) Incidence Rate: Number of people who became newly ill during the period under review/population at risk x 100 (Patient-Person) Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Probability Probability is a mathematical concept that measures the likelihood of a given event occurring. In terms of demographic structure, probability refers to the distribution of an individual or group with certain demographic characteristics in the face of a particular event or situation. This is used to assess the likelihood of a given population having a particular trait. Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Probability Examples Age Distribution: If 20% of the population in a country is between 0-14 years old, the probability that a randomly selected individual is between 0-14 years old is 0.20. Number of individuals between the ages of 0-14 0-14 aged Total population Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic Probability Examples Gender Distribution: If 52% of the population in a city is male and 48% is female, the probability that a randomly selected individual is female is 0.48. Female population Female Total population Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  TUIK Address Based Population Registration System Results, 2023 Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=The-Results-of-Address-Based-Population-Registration-System-2023-49684&dil=2 TUIK Address Based Population Registration System Results, 2023 Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic TUIK Address Based Population Registration System Results, 2023 Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic TUIK Address Based Population Registration System Results, 2023 Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic TUIK Address Based Population Registration System Results, 2023 Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic TUIK Address Based Population Registration System Results, 2023 Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic  THANKS [email protected] Lecturer Beyzanur ÇAMLIBEL Nutrition and Dietetic