Dementia Presentation PDF

Dementia Presented by momocha singh Definition Progressive, degenerative brain dysfunction, including deterioration in memory, concentration, language skills, visuospatial skills, and reasoning, that interferes with a person's daily functioning Not considered a normal part of aging ...

Dementia Presented by momocha singh Definition Progressive, degenerative brain dysfunction, including deterioration in memory, concentration, language skills, visuospatial skills, and reasoning, that interferes with a person's daily functioning Not considered a normal part of aging  Definition "Dementia is an acquired global impairment of intellect, memory and personality but without impairment of consciousness" Incidence: Dementia occurs more commonly in the elderly than in the middle-aged.  Types of dementia Alzheimer's Disease Parkinson's Disease with Dementia Vascular Dementia Fronto-temporal Dementia (PICKS) Lewy Bodies Korsakoff's Syndrome Etiology Significant loss of neurons and volume in brain Neurofibrillary angles (twisted nerve cell fibers) Environmental factors: infection, metals and toxins. Infections and inflammations like neuro syphilis and AIDS, multiple sclerosis and post encephalitis. Continue..... Excessive amount of metal ions, such as zinc and copper, in brain Deficiencies of vitamin B6, B12 And Folate Early depression genetic factors Clinical Features Personality changes: lack of interest in day- to-day activities, mental fatigue, self-centred, withdrawn, decreased self- care. Memory impairment: recent memory is prominently affected. Cognitive impairment: disorientation poor judgement, decreased attention span. Continue..... Affective impairment: labile mood, irritableness, depression Behavioural impairment: stereotyped behaviour, alteration in sexual drives and activities, psychotic behaviour. Neurological impairment: stereotyped behaviour, alteration in sexual drives and activities,  Pharmacological treatment Behavioral problems are among the main reasons why dementia patients are placed in long term care facilities. Agitation with non-acute psychosis Risperidone (FDA warning about cerebrovascular events) Olanzapine (Use with caution in diabetics) Quetiapine (Useful for patients with Parkinsonian symptoms) Ariprazole Continue..... Acute agitation Haloperidol Sleep disturbances Melatonin, Trazodone, non- benzodiazepine hypnotics. Avoid antipsychotics in patients with Lewy body dementia.