Deciduous Teeth PDF

DENTAL ANATOMY AND OCCLUSION/DR. MONA DENEWAR Deciduous Dentition Importance of primary teeth ✓ Efficient mastication of food o With the establishment of primary occlusion, child learns to masticate the food efficiently. ✓ Maintenance of a proper diet and good n...

DENTAL ANATOMY AND OCCLUSION/DR. MONA DENEWAR Deciduous Dentition Importance of primary teeth ✓ Efficient mastication of food o With the establishment of primary occlusion, child learns to masticate the food efficiently. ✓ Maintenance of a proper diet and good nutrition o Primary teeth are the only teeth present until six years of age and thus it is important to provide the child with a comfortable functional occlusion of primary teeth. A child with missing/ decayed primary teeth may reject food that is difficult to chew. ✓ Maintenance of normal facial appearance: o Establishment and maintenance of the normal facial appearance during the tender age of childhood. o Normal psychological and cognitive development of the child. ✓ Development of clear speech o Teeth, especially the anteriors are essential for normal pronunciation of consonants. Speech is developed in early childhood and congenital absence or premature loss of anterior primary teeth can hamper the development of clear speech. ✓ Prevention of malocclusion o The deciduous teeth play a very important role in reserving space for the permanent teeth. 1  DENTAL ANATOMY AND OCCLUSION/DR. MONA DENEWAR Differences between Permanent and Deciduous Teeth ✓ The crown of deciduous teeth o Lighter and opaquer in color (depend on the level of mineralization) as the deciduous teeth have less mineralized enamel. o Generally smaller than their permanent counterparts. o Quite short inciso (occluso) gingivally. o Wider mesiodistally relative to their inciso (occluso) gingival height. o More constricted facio-lingually at the cervical line than are those of permanent teeth. o The occlusal tables are relatively more constricted facio-lingually than are the crowns of permanent molars; because of a greater occlusal convergence of the buccal and lingual surfaces. o The occlusal surface has few grooves or depressions. o The second deciduous molars are larger than the first molars. (reverse is true in permanent teeth) o The incisal edge of the deciduous incisors has no mammelons. o The cervical ridge on both anterior teeth and posterior teeth is more prominent than any analogous structure found on permanent molars. (Enamel ends abruptly while in permanent teeth ends gradually) 2  DENTAL ANATOMY AND OCCLUSION/DR. MONA DENEWAR ✓ The roots of deciduous teeth o The roots are fully formed about one year after eruption while the roots of the permanent teeth take longer duration (3 years). o The resorption in the deciduous roots is a physiologic resorption while in the permanent teeth only pathological resorption occurs. (clinical point) ✓ The roots of anterior deciduous teeth o Narrower mesiodistally and proportionally longer (as compared to the crown size) than the permanent teeth. o The crown root ratio is 1/2 ✓ The roots of posterior deciduous teeth o Longer and thinner. o Much more flare, or spreading, than do roots of the permanent molars. This flare creates additional space for the permanent premolar crown to develop. o The roots of the deciduous second molar flare more as compared to the first molar. (the reverse in the permanent molar) o Lack of a root trunk, make deciduous molar roots easier to fracture during extraction procedures. 3  DENTAL ANATOMY AND OCCLUSION/DR. MONA DENEWAR ✓ Internal structure: ✓ The enamel: o Quickly become worn (attrition)(less mineralized) o Relatively thin. ✓ The dentin o The dentin thickness between the pulp champers and the enamel is limited. (specially in some areas of lower second deciduous molar). ✓ The pulp: o The pulp cavity is relatively larger in the deciduous teeth. The mesial pulp horns of deciduous molars are especially large. Deciduous tooth Permanent tooth 4