Digitalna ekonomija Past Paper 2024/25 PDF

 Digitalna ekonomija DE03 – Digitalna ekonomija doc. dr. sc. Vjeran Bušelić TVZ Informatika, Diplomski studij šk. god. 2024./25.  4 5 Digitalna Ključni trendovi transf...

 Digitalna ekonomija DE03 – Digitalna ekonomija doc. dr. sc. Vjeran Bušelić TVZ Informatika, Diplomski studij šk. god. 2024./25.  4 5 Digitalna Ključni trendovi transformacija AI, Blockchain, poslovanja IoT 3 Digitalna ekonomija i novi ekonomski modeli 2 Industrija 4.0 1 Digitalna ekonomija  Raspored i ocjenjivanje 1 13.12. Pregled kolegija i organizacija rada 14.12. Digitalna ekonomija 2 20.12. Industrija 4.0 21.12. 27.12. 28.12. 3.1. 4.1. 3 10.1. Digitalna ekonomija i novi poslovni modeli 11.1. 4 17.1. kolokvij 18.1. Internet i disruptivne inovacije 5 24.1. AI 25.1. 6 31.1. Blockchain 1.2. IoT 7 7.2. Digitalna transformacija poslovanja 8.2. petak, 17.1. 17:10 – Kolokvij Kolokvij – on-line Morate biti prisutni/potpisani! Nakon kolokvija redovni blok predavanja!  Gradivo samo sa predavanja (pdf-ovi iz repozitorija) 10 pitanja – sve zaokružilice ✓5 x DA/NE ✓5 x A/B/C/D 10 min 50% za prolaz zajedničko rješavanje i diskusija – ODMAH!  Tko je zaslužan? 1. Tehnologija 2. Ekonomija  Što je inovacija? Primjena nove ili poboljšane ideje, postupka ili usluge koja donosi nove koristi ili kvalitetu u primjeni. nova ideja koja donosi profit znanje → novac Kod inovacije, novi proizvod donosi: novu vrijednost kupcu Kroz smanjenje troškova, poboljšanje u odnosu na konkurenciju, pridonosi zadovoljstvu krajnjeg kupca, te omogućuje povećanje prodaje kroz donošenje novih tehnologija ili procesa. Technology driven Innovation Disruptivne inovacije – NEXT TIME „When new technologies cause great firms to fail” Clayton M. Christensen Professor of Business Administration, Harvard Business School  Digital Economy The digital economy refers to the economic system that is centered around the use of digital technologies to create, distribute, and exchange goods and services. This includes the production, distribution, and consumption of digital products and services, as well as the use of digital technologies to facilitate economic transactions and communication. The digital economy is characterized by its reliance on the internet and other digital networks to connect people, businesses, and organizations, and to enable the flow of information, goods, and services. It is also marked by the increasing use of automation, artificial intelligence, and other digital technologies in economic activities, which is leading to the transformation of traditional industries and the emergence of new forms of work and entrepreneurship. Uslišano  Digital Economics: How Information and Communication Technology Is Shaping Markets, Businesses and Innovation … invites you to take an in-depth look at the impact of technological innovations such as social media, cryptocurrencies, crowdsourcing, and even online gaming has had on today's business landscape. Learn about the various business models available for the digital economy, including the business models used by Bitcoin, Spotify, Wikipedia, World of Warcraft, Facebook, and Airbnb.  Harald Øverby (born 1979) is a Professor at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). He received his M.Sc. in Computer Science in 2002, a B.Sc. in Economics in 2003, and a Ph.D. in Information and Communication Technology in 2005. Øverby has also studied law at the University of Oslo in Norway. Jan A. Audestad (born 1942) is Professor Emeritus at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). He received his M.Sc. in theoretical physics in 1965. Audestad has more than 50 years of experience working in the telecom industry, mainly as a researcher, research manager, and advisor to the top management of Telenor. He was one of the key scientists behind the standardization of the GSM mobile communication system in the 1980s.  Industry 4.0 Intuitivno Formalno Business model Industry 4.0 ŠTO KAKO Business model  Poslovni model A business model describes the rationale of how an organization creates, delivers, and captures value, in economic, social, cultural or other contexts.* Poslovni model opisuje razloge kako organizacija stvara, donosi i bilježi vrijednost, u ekonomskom, socijalnom, kulturnom ili drugom kontekstu. *Alexander Osterwalder (1974) Swiss business theorist, author, speaker, consultant, and entrepreneur, known for his work on business modeling and the development of the Business Model Canvas. Ekonomija is about … WHAT? Why?  Value/Vrijednost Ljepota i vrijednost “Ljepota je u očima promatrača”, Platon  Koja je razlika između vrijednosti i cijene Value Price is what you is what you get pay  Digitalna ekonomija Digitalne usluge i proizvodi – Glazba, … – e-bankarstvo, … Infrastruktura – Internet – mobile  Digitalna ekonomija Digitalna ekonomija je ekonomija bazirana na informacijsko-komunikacijskim tehnologijama.  Što i kako mjeriti OECD G20 DETF 2018 Measurement of the Digital Economy (toolkit) 1. Infrastructure (8) 2. Empowering society (8) 3. Innovation and technology adoption (8) 4. Jobs and growth (12) http://www.oecd.org/g20/summits/buenos-aires/G20-Toolkit-for-measuring-digital-economy.pdf  Di su pare? Teško mjeriti – Industrija za sebe Telco, hw, sw – Posrednik Platforme Poslovna infrastruktura (USA) Digital Economy Accounted for 6.9 Percent of GDP in 2017 https://www.bea.gov/news/blog/2019-04-04/digital-economy-accounted-69-percent-gdp-2017  USA Digital Economy $1.35 trillion The digital economy supported 5.1 million jobs in 2017, which accounted for 3.3 percent of total U.S. employment of 152.1 million jobs. The digital economy’s share of total employment is about same as the transportation and warehousing industry’s share. Employees working in the digital economy earned $132,223 in average annual compensation in 2017, compared to $68,506 per worker for the total U.S. economy. BEA includes in its definition of the digital economy digital-enabling infrastructure, e-commerce transactions, and digital media. It doesn’t include ride-sharing services and other goods and services connected to the “sharing” economy.  Latest https://www.bea.gov/data/special-topics/digital-economy Digital economy as percentage of the total economy (GDP) in the United States from 2005 to 2018 Value added to the total economy (GDP) by the digital economy in the United States from 2005 to 2021 (in billion U.S. dollars)  Defining and Measuring the Digital Economy 2005-2021, table 2 Last updated: November 22, 2022 6,88% 5,83% 6,04% 10,87% 2018 2019 2020 2021 1 Digital Economy 1.935.499 2.048.275 2.172.024 2.408.072 2 Infrastructure 700.168 746.825 816.810 910.702 37,82% 3 Hardware 255.126 258.187 277.024 310.179 12,88% 4 Software 445.042 488.638 539.786 600.523 24,94% 6 E-Commerce 419.621 447.524 493.196 558.539 23,19% 7 Business-to-Business E-Commerce 302.374 320.745 335.596 368.760 15,31% 8 Business-to-Consumer E-Commerce 117.247 126.779 157.600 189.779 7,88% 9 Priced Digital Services 815.421 853.637 861.743 938.574 38,98% 10 Cloud Services 62.333 75.241 89.442 105.195 4,37% 11 Telecommunications Services 410.433 422.900 414.846 429.500 17,84% 12 Internet and Data Services 96.493 96.060 91.373 106.752 4,43% 14 All Other Priced Digital Services 246.162 259.436 266.082 297.127 12,34% 15 Federal Nondefense Digital Services 289 290 274 258 Survey name: Digital Economy Data 2005-2021, November 2022 Published by BEA – Bureau of Economic Analysis, https://www.bea.gov/  Tržišna vrijednost https://www.visualcapitalist.com/chart-largest-companies-market-cap-15-years  Top 3 razloga za uspjeh digitalne ekonomije 1. Zero Marginal Cost Nulti granični trošak 2. Network Effect (Tipping Point) Mrežni efekt (Prekretnica) 3. Recomendation/Feedback Preporuka/Povratna informacija  Brzina Digitalizacija svega  Data on a rise https://www.visualcapitalist.com/what-happens- https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/03/what- internet-minute-2016 happens-in-an-internet-minute-in-2019  IBM Marketing Cloud study 90% of the data on the internet has been created since 2016 https://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/wr/en/wrl12345usen/watson-customer-engagement-watson-marketing-wr-other- papers-and-reports-wrl12345usen-20170719.pdf https://www.seagate.com/files/www-content/our-story/trends/files/idc-seagate-dataage-whitepaper.pdf  Unstructured data According to projections from IDC, 80 percent of worldwide data will be unstructured by 2025. https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil /2017/06/05/the-big-unstructured-data- problem/#4cb34c2493a3 5/8 svjetske populacije Društvene mreže Više muških?! Rast ipak usporava (>50% populacije) INTERNET USERS = @ >50% GLOBAL PENETRATION… NEW GROWTH REMAINS HARDER TO FIND  Digitalna ekonomija Digitalna ekonomija je grana ekonomije koja se bavi digitalnim uslugama. Puni izraz je digital goods and services (digitalne robe i usluge), koji se koristi samo kad se specifično adresiraju robe (ne usluge). Uglavnom se sve može tretirati kao usluga: - Softver, aplikacije - Datoteke - Webovi - Tekst, video, glasovna komunikacija - Poslovne transakcije Kontekst Ovisno o kontekstu javljaju se razne „vrste” digitalne ekonomije: Network economy / Mrežna ekonomija Platform economy / Platformna ekonomija Information economy / Informacijska ekonomija Data economy / Ekonomija podataka Virtual economy / Virtualna ekonomija Internet economy / Internet ekonomija Attention economy / Ekonomija pozornosti Sharing economy / Ekonomija dijeljenja Abundance economy / Ekonomija obilja  Network economy focuses on businesses in which much of the economic value is generated by network effects. Network effects are abundant in the digital economy and explain how value is generated in several, but not all, digital businesses. Platform economy focuses on businesses that act as platforms. The primary business idea is to connect two or more user groups (two-sided or multi-sided markets). Platform economy is closely related to network economics, since network effects are also important drivers for platform businesses. However; not all network economies are platform economies. Information economy focuses on information products and how they axe I produced and traded. The information economy is part of the digital economy in which the latter is broader in scope, since it also includes more than pure information goods. Data economy focuses on the business of harvesting and analyzing data. Data is gathered from users or the environment and stored in large databases. Big Data techniques and artificial intelligence are applied to analyze this data, in which the purpose is to extract information of value to businesses or governments. Such data may also be traded on the market; for example, as input to statistics or as the basis for producing directed advertisements. Virtual economy is the economy of virtual worlds, e,g., World of Warcraft and Second life. To some extent, virtual economies reflect the real economy regarding the supply and demand of goods, trading, and network feedback. Virtual economies are mostly disconnected from the real economy. However, there are examples of virtual economies that can generate trade in the real economy (e.g., gold farming in World of Warercraft).  Internet economy comprises the economics of Internet goods and services. Since most of the economic activity within the context of digital economics is performed over the Internet, Internet economy is close in scope to digital economics. One important digital market that is excluded in the Internet economy, is the economics of telecommunications; that is, the market for broadcast, Internet, and mobile and telephone subscriptions. Attention economy is related to the value created by people's attention- User attention is an important element in many digital business models. The basis for the attention economy is that data has become abundant, while people's attention span remain—and will always be—a scarce resource. There are business models that exploits people's attention span to generate revenue; the most well-known are those based on advertisements. Sharing economy is the economy in which people or organizations share goods and services, such as Airbnb and Uber. The sharing economy has also been termed access economy, peer-economy, collaborative economy, and crowdsourcing capitalism. Abundance economy is the economy of goods and services that are abundant; that is, they are close to unlimited in supply. Many digital services exhibit abundance features, since they can be copied with zero marginal cost. This challenges one of the most fundamental assumptions in neo-classical economics; namely, that resources are scarce. In several digital economies they are not! DE Ekosustav Međuzavisnost Krivulja prihvaćanja Socio-političko okruženje  Ekosustav Ekosustav digitalne ekonomije opisuje međuzavisnost i odnose digitalnih usluga, ICT infrastrukture i digitalnih tržišta u socio- ekonomskom smislu.  Brzina (promjena) Kašnjenje pravne regulative Karakteristike tehnološke evolucije 1. Tehnološke inovacije – telefon, telegraf, internet, mobile, … 2. Konvergencija usluga – glas, zvuk, slika -> Internet 3. Evolucija telekomunikacijskog poslovanja – monopol -> tržište 1. Tehnološke inovacije 2. Konvergencija usluga 3. Promjena poslovnog modela