DCC2 Exam 1 PDF

④ ② Remember that office and road is conditions are dark light ③ Q also en can Y the use ht pedig ④ Nuclear sclerosis - Yellowing of crystalline lens o More absorption of blue light o Reduces retinal illumination - Reduces contrast sensitivity - Reduced color discrimination ③ for 30secto glare , wit...

④ ② Remember that office and road is conditions are dark light ③ Q also en can Y the use ht pedig ④ Nuclear sclerosis - Yellowing of crystalline lens o More absorption of blue light o Reduces retinal illumination - Reduces contrast sensitivity - Reduced color discrimination ③ for 30secto glare , without Adapt & VA glare Photostress Test with BAT Takes retake UA's Decreased recovery time in CME, ARMD, Central Serous Choroidopathy ↳ accumulation - Measure BCVA of fluid under macula - Photostress eye with BAT for at least 10 s on BAT-H setting - Remove BAT and record length of time to recover within 2 lines of BCVA take best VA on pt and you but in - Recovery Time Results eye intensity L o 0-30 sec: Normal o 30-60 Possible maculopathy lamp General Advice for elderly patients: Increase light levels, Recommend AR coatings and use antiglare filters Declarative Memory(Semantic Memory): General knowledge about the world, not timed to space and time. BETTER IN THE ELDERLY. - General knowledge about the world, not timed to space and time o George Washington was the first President of the USA o Washington, DC is the capital of USA - Elderly have better semantic memory than the young - Access to names and words may be slower - Organization of Knowledge remains intact with age Declarative Memory(Episodic memory): Bound to time in place. DECREASES WITH AGE. - Events tied to a particular time and place o What was the color of your tie on wedding day? - Decrease with age - Deficiencies may occur at encoding, storage or retrieval Implicit Memory(Procedural): Little or no slow-down with age at higher levels of competency. Example: riding a bicycle. ↳ drive your car Decision making: - Critical at all ages - Rewards depend on previous choices o (First Choice ) Attend and work hard in college o (Last Choice) Attend and work hard in Optometry School o Reward : Get OD! - Reward values based on Last Choice (Young do better) - Reward values based on First Choice (Elderly do better) be Wisdom: - In the first experiment, the younger adults were better when only the immediate rewards needed to be considered - In the second experiment required developing a theory about how rewards in the environment were structured. The more experience you have in this, the better you are better at it - Use of brains o Young: Ventral striatum § Related to habitual, reflexive learning and immediate reward o Older adults; More use of pre-frontal cortex § Related to rational, deliberative thinking At age 75 or more: - Things are better than expected: 45% - Worse than expected: 5% - As expected or no opinion: 50% What can you do regarding your facilities to elderly people? Enough handicapped parking spaces, Sidewalks and parking lot well lit, Doorways wide enough for walkers and wheelchairs, Handrails in bathrooms, Height of reception desk low enough for wheelchairs, Avoid loose rugs, Stai and you should walk slow enough so that patients can follow. & gusnes ⑧ ④ ⑨ wee cams ⑭ ⑭ What can you do regarding your exam to elderly people? Speak slower, short sentences and as clear as possible (no shouting), Beware of hearing impairments, Sit facing the patient, Use models and charts to convey information, Describe the steps of the exam and why, Keep distractions outside the exam room, Encourage responses, Medical forms should be at least 14-point in size ⑲ ⑭ ⑲ ⑲ ⑩ - Only a minority (41%, vs 68% of non-millennials) view doctors as the single best source of information, and they are unlikely to rely on a doctor as their sole advisor. Millennials often struggle to make decisions Millennials crave contact with like-minded people who can reinforce and advance their interests, and they tend to care about health and fitness a lot Ethical Dilemmas Pillars of morality: Reciprocity (Fairness) and Empathy (Compassion) Bioethics: - Bioethics is a shared, reflective examination of ethical issues in health care, health science, and health policies o Protection of Human Subjects in Clinical Trials o Consumer exploitation by pharmaceutical companies Bioethical Principles: Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Autonomy and Justice What influences ethical decisions? Law, Religion, Culture and Local Customs Sources for ethical decisions: Law: Should I speed to 70mph in a 55mph zone? Religion: Should I abort? Culture: Should I bring my sick, aging mother to live with me? Local customs: Should I cover my face with a mask when I have a cold? Sources can conflict with each other Law and Fairness: - Segregation was the law in the US for many years - Reformers considered it unethical under the assumption that all human beings deserved same rights Religion and the Law - For some Christians abortion is a killing and a sin - Under the law abortion is legal until a certain term of pregnancy Ethical decisions are based on values: - Ethical human behavior is based on values - Values determine what is important, ideal, and proper - Society and individuals place a priority on diierent values - In many situations values may conflict with each other Ethical values: Compassion, Obedience to law, Independence, Love, Loyalty, Fairness, Friendship, Honesty and Confidentiality Values may conflict: - Compassion and Fairness _ - Loyalty and honesty - Love and honesty - Obedience to law and fairness en Veterinar Steps for ethical dilemmas - Step 1: What is the ethical dilemma? o Alice plagiarized John’s essay while the work was to be done individually. What should John do? - Facts o Alice is John’s best friend o She is very busy, taking care of her mother and working o She plagiarized John’s essay without his consent o The essay was expected to be original work What are the values involved? Friendship, loyalty toward a friend, compassion, honesty and self preservation contines IAUPR School of Optometry Oath With full deliberation I freely and solemnly pledge that: I will practice the art and science of optometry faithfully and conscientiously, and to the fullest scope of my competence. I will uphold and honorably promote by example and action the highest standards, ethics and ideals of my chosen profession and the honor of the degree, Doctor of Optometry, which has been granted me. I will provide professional care for those who seek my services, with concern, with compassion and with due regard for their human rights and dignity. I will place the treatment of those who seek my care above personal gain and strive to see that none shall lack for proper care. I will strive continuously to broaden my knowledge and skills so that my patients may benefit from all new and eiicacious means to enhance the care of human vision.I will share information cordially and unselfishly with my fellow optometrists and other professionals for the benefit of patients and the advancement of human knowledge and welfare.I will do my utmost to serve my community, my country and humankind as a citizen as well as an optometrist.I hereby commit myself to be steadfast in the performance of this my solemn oath and obligation. I will hold as privileged and inviolable all information entrusted to me in confidence by my patients. I will advise my patients fully and honestly of all which may serve to restore, maintain or enhance their vision and general health. Oath of the American Optometric Association It Shall Be the Ideal, the Resolve, and the Duty of the Members of the American Optometric Association: - TO KEEP the visual welfare of the patient uppermost at all times - TO PROMOTE in every possible way, in collaboration with this Association, better care of the visual needs of humankind - TO ENHANCE continuously their educational and technical proficiency to the end that their patients shall receive the benefits of all acknowledged improvements in visual care - TO STRIVE TO SEE THAT no person shall lack for visual care - TO ADVISE the patient whenever consultation with an optometric colleague or reference for other professional care seems advisable - TO HOLD in professional confidence all information concerning a patient and to use such data only for the benefit of the patient - TO HOLD in professional confidence all information concerning a patient and to use such data only for the benefit of the patient - TO HOLD in professional confidence all information concerning a patient and to use such data only for the benefit of the patient - TO HOLD in professional confidence all information concerning a patient and to use such data only for the benefit of the patient; -