DBMS WEEK 1 - REPORT.pptx

DBMS BY: mam me’el  Brief history of database In the past, data was stored in journals libraries and filing cabinets- taking up space and making it difficult to find and back up. The advent of computers in the early 1960s marked the beginning of computerised databases. ...

DBMS BY: mam me’el  Brief history of database In the past, data was stored in journals libraries and filing cabinets- taking up space and making it difficult to find and back up. The advent of computers in the early 1960s marked the beginning of computerised databases.  Databases and Database Management Systems Data raw and unprocessed information. For example – name, class, marks, etc. In computer language, a piece of information that can be translated into a form for efficient movement and processing is called data. A database is an organized collection of data stored in a computer system and usually controlled by a database management system (DBMS). A database management system (DBMS) is a software system for creating and managing databases. A DBMS enables end users to create, protect, read, update and delete data in a database.  example Application program examples Add new students, instructors, and courses Register students for courses, and generate class rosters Assign grades to students, compute grade point averages (GPA) and generate transcripts In the early days, database applications were built directly on top of file systems  Database Management System (DBMS DBMS contains information about a particular enterprise Collection of interrelated data Set of programs to access the data An environment that is both convenient and efficient to use Database Applications: Banking: transactions Airlines: reservations, schedules Universities: registration, grades Sales: customers, products, purchases Online retailers: order tracking, customized recommendations Manufacturing: production, inventory, orders, supply chain Human resources: employee records, salaries, tax deductions Databases can be very large. Databases touch all aspects of our lives  The Importance of Databases 1 Efficient Data Management Databases provide a structured way to store, organize, and retrieve information, ensuring data integrity and consistency. They eliminate the need for manual data tracking, making it easier to manage large datasets. 2 Data Security and Integrity DBMS features robust security measures, such as access controls, data encryption, and backup mechanisms, to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access and data loss. 3 Data Integration and Sharing Databases allow seamless integration of data from multiple sources, enabling businesses to share information across different departments and applications. This promotes collaboration and data-driven decision making. 4 Enhanced Business Intelligence By extracting and analyzing data stored in databases, businesses can gain valuable insights, identify trends, and make informed decisions to improve operations and achieve strategic goals  DBMS Functionalities Data Storage DBMSs efficiently store data in various formats, supporting different data types and structures. Data Retrieval DBMSs provide powerful query languages like SQL to retrieve specific data based on criteria. Data Modification DBMSs allow for updating, deleting, and inserting data in the database, ensuring data accuracy. Data Security DBMSs implement security measures such as user authentication, access control, and encryption to protect Data Integrity Ensuring the accuracy, consistency, and completeness of data. Data models  Stores data as hierchically Hierarchical model related to each other. Record shape are tree structure Early Systems The hierarchical model was used in early systems, representing data in a tree-like structure with parent-child relationships. Data Organization Data is organized in a top-down manner, with a single root node and multiple levels of child nodes. Example An example is an organizational chart, with the CEO at the top and departments and employees branching out. Network model Complex Relationships The network model allows for more complex relationships between data entities, including many-to- many relationships. Data Structure Data is organized in a web- like structure with interconnected nodes representing entities and relationships. Example A database of students and courses, where each student Object-oriented database model Objects: Data is represented as objects, which include both attributes (data) and methods (functions that operate on the data). Classes and Inheritance: Objects are instances of classes, allowing for hierarchical relationships. Classes can inherit properties and methods from other classes, promoting reuse. Encapsulation: Data and methods are encapsulated within objects, ensuring data integrity and security by controlling access to the object's internal state. RELATIONAL DATABASE tables Data is organized into tables, with rows representing records and columns representing attributes. SQL Data is managed using Structured Query Language (SQL), a powerful language for defining, manipulating, and querying data. Popularity The relational model is the most widely used data model, due to its flexibility, efficiency, and support for relational databases. A database management system (DBMS) consists of several components. Each component plays very important role in the database management system environment. The major components of database management system are: Hardware Servers Servers store the database files and handle data requests from users. Storage Devices Storage devices like hard drives or SSDs physically store the database data. Network Infrastructure The network allows users to access the database remotely.  Software Database Server The software that manages database operations. -The back end of a database server stores all the digital files and information -Client-facing services allow the people or companies using that database to access, modify, add to or monitor the data stored on the server. Client Applications Allow users to interact with the database. Microsoft SQL Server, SAP HANA, Oracle, and Microsoft Access. Operating System Provides a platform for the database server to run.  DATA organized in tables with rows and columns. Unstructured Data Data in its raw form, such as text documents or images. Semi-structured Data Data with some organization but not fully structured. Users Administrators Manage the database system and its security. Developers Create and maintain applications that use the database. End Users Access and use the data for their daily tasks  Lab activity - 1 Open excel save as firstactivity - date Collect your classmates information Name Age Birthday Hobbies Course and year school Favorite books Favorite movies