DB_SQL_7ab.pdf
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אאא ã¹] GET filename Kאאאאאא...
אאא ã¹] GET filename Kאאאאאאאא KSQL > GET test.sqlWאאtest.sqlאאאאאK SQL > START filename א،sqlא אאאאא WאאEtest.sqlFאאאא SQL > START test.sql -٨- אא ١٦١ אא אא א SQL > @ filename Kאאאא SQL > LIST אא، אאאא Wא٣١אאא SQL > L 1 3 -٩- אא ١٦١ אא אא א אא KETABLE , ROW , COLUMNFאאא–١ ؟אאאאאאאאJ ٣ ؟SQLSQL*PLUSאאא–٤ ؟אאEXFאאE√FJ ٥ EFKאSQL*PLUSאSELECTא EFKאאDMLא אאאאאSQL> SPOOL א EFKא EFאאאאאאאL 2 4א EFאSQL> START א EFSQL אאאRUNא - ١٠ - אאא ã¹] SELECT ename AS name , sal salary , job "employee job" 2 FROM emp ; NAME SALARY employee job --------- ------------ ----------------- SMITH 800 CLERK ALLEN 1600 SALESMAN WARD 1250 SALESMAN JONES 2975 MANAGER MARTIN 1250 SALESMAN BLAKE 2850 MANAGER CLARK 2450 MANAGER SCOTT 3000 ANALYST KING 5000 PRESIDENT TURNER 1500 SALESMAN ADAMS 1100 CLERK ،אאאאאאא אאNAMEאenameא E" "Fאאאאא،SALARY Kאאא - ١٥ - אא ١٦١ אא אא אא א WSELECTאאאא א אאאא ١٢אאאא ٥٠٠אא، ESAL*12Fא אאאאאא KESAL + 500F Kא Arithmetic Operatorsאאאאא KEHF אJ ١ KEJ F אJ ٢ KE*F אJ ٣ KELF אJ ٤ FROMאאאSQLאאאאא Kאאאאא א KאאאאWE٤F SQL> SELECT ename , sal , sal*12 "annual salary" 2 FROM emp ; 3 ENAME SAL annual salary --------- ------------ ----------------- SMITH 800 9600 ALLEN 1600 19200 WARD 1250 15000 JONES 2975 35700 אאאאאאאאא K١٢א - ١٦ - אא ١٦١ אא אא אא א Operator Precedence אאא אא WאSQLאאא Kאאאא J ١ Kאאא אJ ٢ אאאאאאא J ٣ KE١F Wאאא 1 – 100*(40+10) = 100*50=5000. 2 – (100*40)+10 = 4000+10= 4010. Kאאאאא KאאאאWE٥F SQL> SELECT ename , sal , 12*sal+100 2 FROM emp; Wא ٢ ١ KE٢FאE١Fא ENAME SAL 12*SAL+100 ---------- -------------------- -------------------- SMITH 800 9700 ALLEN 1600 19300 KאאאאWE٦F SQL> SELECT ename , sal , 12*(sal+100) Wא 2 FROM emp; ١ אא E١Fא ٢ ENAME SAL 12*(SAL+100) KE٢Fא ---------- -------------------- -------------------- SMITH 800 10800 ALLEN 1600 20400 אאאא،אאא KאאאE٦Fא - ١٧ - אא ١٦١ אא אא אא א KConcatenation ( || )אאאאא אE||Fאאאא א،אאא، Concatenation Kאא،E' 'Fא SQL> SELECT ename, job , ename||job as "employees" 2 FROM emp ; ENAME JOB employees ---------- --------- ------------------- SMITH CLERK SMITHCLERK ALLEN SALESMAN ALLENSALESMAN WARD SALESMAN WARDSALESMAN JONES MANAGER JONESMANAGER MARTIN SALESMAN MARTINSALESMAN אאE||Fאא אאאא Kאאemployeesא SQL> SELECT ename, job , ename||' is a '||job as "employees" 2 FROM emp ; ENAME JOB employees ---------- --------- ------------------- SMITH CLERK SMITH is a CLERK ALLEN SALESMAN ALLEN is a SALESMAN WARD SALESMAN WARD is a SALESMAN JONES MANAGER JONES is a MANAGER MARTIN SALESMAN MARTIN is a SALESMAN אאאEis aFאאאאא Kאא،E||F - ١٨ - אא ١٦١ אא אא אא א WאאDISTINCTאא ،אאאאא ،EEMPF אאאאאא Kאא SQL> SELECT deptno 2 FROM emp ; DEPTNO ------------ 20 30 אאאאא 30 20 30 30 א،אא א א א WאאSELECTEdistinctFאא SQL> SELECT DISTINCT deptno 2 FROM emp ; DEPTNO ----------- 10 20 30 KDISTINCTאאאא - ١٩ - אא ١٦١ אא אא אא א K DESCRIBE(DESC)אאאאאא אאאאאא אאאאEDESCRIBEFא KEDESCF SQL> DESC emp ; Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ------------- EMPNO NOT NULL NUMBER(4) ENAME VARCHAR2(10) JOB VARCHAR2(9) MGR NUMBER(4) HIREDATE DATE SAL NUMBER(7,2) COMM NUMBER(7,2) DEPTNO NUMBER(2) אאאאאאא ؟؟אWא KNULLאא א،NULLאא אאCOMM אא،א ،א א KNULLאא COMMא - ٢٠ - אא ١٦١ אא אא אא א Kאאאא SQL> SELECT ename, job , sal , comm 2 FROM emp ; ENAME JOB SAL COMM ---------- ---------------- ---------- 800 ---------- SMITH CLERK 800 1600 ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 1250 300 WARD SALESMAN 1250 2975 500 JONES MANAGER 2975 1250 NULL MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 2850 1400 BLAKE MANAGER 2850 2450 CLARK MANAGER 2450 3000 SCOTT ANALYST 3000 5000 KING PRESIDENT 5000 1500 TURNER SALESMAN 1500 0 COMMSMITHא K ،ENULLFאאא Wאא SQL> SELECT ename, job , sal , 12*sal+comm 2 FROM emp ; ENAME JOB SAL 12*SAL+COMM ---------- --------- ---------- ---------------------- SMITH CLERK 800 NULL ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 19500 - ٢١ - אא ١٦١ אא אא אא א אא אא،אאאאאאאא–١ Wא، Name Null? Type --------------------------- ----------- ------------- DEPTNO NOT NULL NUMBER(2) DNAME VARCHAR2(14) LOC VARCHAR2(13) אאאאא–٢ ؟ Wא؟אאאא–٣ JOB ------------ ANALYST CLERK MANAGER PRESIDENT SALESMAN אאאא–٤ Wאא EMPLOYEE_NO EMPLOYEE NAME JOBS ----------------------- -------------------------- ------------------ 7369 SMITH CLERK 7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 7521 WARD SALESMAN 7566 JONES MANAGER 7654 MARTIN SALESMAN 7698 BLAKE MANAGER - ٢٢ - אאא ã¹] SELECT ename , job , sal 2 FROM emp 3 WHERE sal >= 3000 ; ENAME JOB SAL ------------ ----------- --------------- SCOTT ANALYST 3000 Wא KING PRESIDENT 5000 E٣٠٠٠F FORD ANALYST 3000 אאאאאאWE٣F K SQL> SELECT ename , sal , comm 2 FROM emp 3 WHERE sal SELECT ename , sal 2 FROM emp 3 WHERE sal BETWEEN 1500 AND 2500 ; ENAME SAL א א ----------- ------------ ALLEN 1600 א א W CLARK 2450 ٢٥٠٠١٥٠٠אא TURNER 1500 ،٢٥٠٠١٥٠٠אאאאא אאאBETWEENא١٥٠٠א אKאאאא،א אEBETWEEN 2500 AND 1500 Fאאא KENo Row SelectedFEFALSEF - ٢٨ - אא ١٦١ אא א אא א אאאאWE٥F KE٧٧٨٨٧٥٦٦٧٩٠٢F SQL> SELECT empno , ename , sal , mgr 2 FROM emp 3 WHERE mgr IN (7902,7566,7788,7839) ; EMPNO ENAME SAL MGR ----------- ------------ ---------- ---------- 7369 SMITH 800 7902 7788 SCOTT 3000 7566 7876 ADAMS 1100 7788 7902 FORD 3000 7566 Wאאאאאאא KE٧٨٣٩FאאE٧٧٨٨٧٥٦٦٧٩٠٢F KאאאאאאINא KLIKE{ % , _ } ،אאא Kאאא אאE 'A%' Fא،אא(% ) G KAKאאA אאAאאE'%A'Fא KA אאK KAאאאE'%A%'Fא - ٢٩ - אא ١٦١ אא א אא א אE'_A%'Fא،אאא( _ ) G KAאאאאא،אא KAאא،E'_ _A'Fא W KLIKEאאאאא KS אאWE٦F SQL> SELECT ename 2 FROM emp 3 WHERE ename LIKE 'S%' ; ENAME ---------- SMITH SCOTT K ١٩٨١אאאWE٧F SQL> SELECT ename , hiredate 2 FROM emp 3 WHERE hiredate LIKE '%81' ; ENAME HIREDATE ---------- ---------- ALLEN 20/02/81 WARD 22/02/81 JONES 02/04/81 MARTIN 28/09/81 BLAKE 01/05/81 CLARK 09/06/81 KING 17/11/81 TURNER 08/09/81 JAMES 03/12/81 FORD 03/12/81 - ٣٠ - אא ١٦١ אא א אא א KA אאאאWE٨F SQL> SELECT ename 2 FROM emp 3 WHERE ename LIKE '_A%' ; ENAME ---------- EA F אא WARD MARTIN JAMES EAFאאאאאאא Kא K אאWE٩F SQL> SELECT ename , mgr 2 FROM emp 3 WHERE mgr IS NULL ; ENAME MGR ---------- ---------- KING NULL א،אאאIS NULLאאאE٩Fא אאEMGRF א אא K W אאאNULLאאE=Fאאא ؟אאאאא،IS NULL SQL> SELECT ename , mgr ( = ) اﻷﻣﺮ هﻨﺎ ﺧﻄﺄ ﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﻌﺎﻣﻞ 2 FROM emp 3 WHERE mgr = NULL ; - ٣١ - אא ١٦١ אא א אא א KWHERE אאא א א TRUEאאTRUEא AND TRUEאאTRUEא OR FALSEאאTRUEא،א NOT ،WHEREאאא אETRUEFא KאEFALSEF WANDא KTRUEאאTRUEאאא KאאאANDאאא ANDא אא אא True True True False False True False False False Null Null True False Null False Null Null Null Wאאאא KTRUEאFALSE אAND אW NULL אאANDאNULLאאאW KFALSEאNULL א - ٣٢ - אא ١٦١ אא א אא א 1100 אאאאWE١٠F KCLERKא SQL> SELECT empno , ename , job , sal 2 FROM emp 3 WHERE sal >=1100 AND job='CLERK' ; T T ﺟﻤﻠﺔ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL ----------- ------------ ---------- --------- 7876 ADAMS CLERK 1100 7934 MILLER CLERK 1300 job='CLERK' sal >=1100 אאא אETRUEFANDאETRUEF Kאאא א1100אאאאWE١١F K500 SQL> SELECT ename , sal , comm 2 FROM emp 3 WHERE sal>1100 AND comm SELECT empno , ename , job , sal 2 FROM emp 3 WHERE sal >2500 OR job='MANAGER' ; EMPNO ENAME JOB SAL ----------- ------------ ---------- --------- 7566 JONES MANAGER 2975 7698 BLAKE MANAGER 2850 7782 CLARK MANAGER 2450 7788 SCOTT ANALYST 3000 7839 KING PRESIDENT 5000 7902 FORD ANALYST 3000 - ٣٤ - אא ١٦١ אא א אא א ،אאאא א٢٥٠٠אE7782Fא Kאא،EMANAGERFא אאE1000FאאאאאWE١٣F KE10F SQL> SELECT ename , sal , deptno 2 FROM emp 3 WHERE sal SELECT ename , job 2 FROM emp 3 WHERE job NOT IN ( 'CLERK' , 'MANAGER' , 'ANALYST' ) ; ENAME JOB ------------ -------- ALLEN SALESMAN WARD SALESMAN MARTIN SALESMAN KING PRESIDENT TURNER SALESMAN אאIN(... ) אאא KECLERK , MANAGER , ANALYST Fאא - ٣٦ - אא ١٦١ אא א אא א K30001000אאאאWE١٥F SQL> SELECT ename , job , sal 2 FROM emp 3 WHERE sal NOT BETWEEN 1000 AND 3000 ; ENAME JOB SAL ------------ ---------------- ----------- SMITH CLERK 800 KING PRESIDENT 5000 JAMES CLERK 950 ،٣٠٠٠١٠٠٠אאאאאא KE BETWEEN... AND....FאKא KאאאWE١٦F SQL> SELECT ename , job , sal , comm 2 FROM emp 3 WHERE comm IS NOT NULL ; ENAME JOB SAL COMM ------------ ---------------- ----------- ----------- ALLEN SALESMAN 1600 300 WARD SALESMAN 1250 500 MARTIN SALESMAN 1250 1400 TURNER SALESMAN 1500 0 א،אאאא KNULL Kאאאאאאאא ORDER BY sal DESC - ٣٧ - אא ١٦١ אא א אא א אא א2850אאאא אא–١ Wא؟אא ENAME SAL ------------ -------- KING 5000 SCOTT 3000 FORD 3000 JONES 2975 ؟E1500,2850F אאאאא א–٢ Wא ENAME SAL ------------ -------- SMITH 800 WARD 1250 JONES 2975 MARTIN 1250 SCOTT 3000 KING 5000 ADAMS 1100 JAMES 950 FORD 3000 MILLER 1300 1500אאאאאא–٣ א؟אאא 30אא10 אא W ENAME SAL ------------ -------- KING 5000 BLAKE 2850 CLARK 2450 ALLEN 1600 - ٣٨ - אא ١٦١ אא א אא א ؟1982אאאאא–٤ Wא ENAME HIREDATE ------------ -------------------- SCOTT 09-DEC-82 MILLER 23-JAN-82 ؟אאאאא–٥ Wא ENAME SAL COMM ------------ -------- ---------- ALLEN 1600 300 TURNER 1500 0 MARTIN 1250 1400 WARD 1250 500 ؟Aאאאאאא–٦ Wא ENAME ------------ BLAKE CLARK ADAMS ؟LL אאאאא–٧ Wא ENAME ------------ ALLEN MILLER - ٣٩ - אאא ã¹]0Fא KEאאFאא אאEn0Fא KEאאFאא אאEnSELECT ROUND(45.923,0),ROUND(45.923,2),ROUND(45.923,-1),ROUND(45.923,-2) 2 FROM dual ; אא ROUND(45.923,0) ROUND(45.923,2) ROUND(45.923,-1) ROUND(45.923,-2) ---------------------- ----------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------ 46 45.92 50 0 ،אROUNDאאאאאאא n،E٤٦Fאאn n،E٤٥{٩٢FאאE٢Fא ،E٥٠FאE٥FאאאאאE١J F E٤٥FאאE٤٥FאE٢J Fn KE٥٠F WE٥F SQL> SELECT TRUNC(45.923,0),TRUNC(45.923,2),TRUNC(45.923,-1),TRUNC(45.923,-2) 2 FROM dual ; TRUNC(45.923,0) TRUNC(45.923,2) TRUNC(45.923,-1) TRUNC(45.923,-2) ---------------------- ----------------------- ------------------------ ------------------------ 45 45.92 40 0 ،אTRUNCאאאאאאא אאE٢Fn،אא n אאאE٥FאE١J Fn، KאאאE٢J Fn،E٤٠Fא - ٤٨ - אאא ١٦١ אא אאאא אא א WE٦F SQL> SELECT ename , sal , comm , MOD(sal,comm) 2 FROM emp 3 WHERE sal=1600 ; ENAME SAL COMM MOD(SAL,COMM) ---------- ------- ---------- ------------------------ ALLEN 1600 300 100 Kאאאאא Date FunctionsWאא א א،EFאאאא ،אאאאא אאEDD-MON-YYFאאא אא، אאאא Kאא FUNCTION אא Fאאאאא SYSDATE Eאא MONTHS_BETWEEN(date1,date2) אא ADD_MONTHS(date,n) אא NEXT_DAY(date,'day')
