EALS Lesson 1 & 2 Finals PDF

EALS LESSON 1 & 2 FINALS UNIFYING THEMES IN THE STUDY OF LIFE THEMES OF LIFE - basic ideas that apply to all organisms - connects many things in the exploration of life Cell Theory - All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, which are the basic units of life....

EALS LESSON 1 & 2 FINALS UNIFYING THEMES IN THE STUDY OF LIFE THEMES OF LIFE - basic ideas that apply to all organisms - connects many things in the exploration of life Cell Theory - All living organisms are composed of one or more cells, which are the basic units of life. - This principle establishes that the cell is the fundamental building Evolution - The process of change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations. - Explains the diversity of life and how species adapt to their environments through natural selection. Genetics - The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics. - Genetics explains how traits are passed from one generation to the next Homeostasis - The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. - Homeostasis is crucial for the survival of organisms Energy Flow and Matter Cycling - Energy flows through ecosystems, and matter is recycled. Energy is transformed through various processes like photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Interdependence of Organisms - Organisms interact with one another and their environment in complex ways, forming ecosystems. Structure and Function - The structure of biological entities (cells, tissues, organs, organisms) is closely related to their function.  - This principle emphasizes that the design of a structure is adapted to its specific role in an organism. Adaptation - Traits that enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment. Development and Reproduction - All living organisms undergo development, from a single cell to a complex organism, and reproduce to ensure the continuation of their species. Biological Hierarchy - Biological organization ranges from molecules to ecosystems, with each level building on the previous one. EVOLVING CONCEPT OF LIFE BASED ON EMERGING PIECES OF EVIDENCE TIMELINE ANCIENT AND CLASSICAL THEORIES (BEFORE 1600s)  3500 BCE: Early civilizations like Mesopotamians and Egyptians believe in supernatural forces controlling life.  400 BCE: Aristotle’s concept of spontaneous generation, which suggests that life can arise from non-living matter, becomes dominant. He proposes a hierarchical "Great Chain of Being."  450 BCE: Empedocles suggests that all life is made of four elements (earth, air, fire, water), shaping early naturalistic ideas. DISCOVERY OF MICROORGANISM (1600)  1665: Robert Hooke publishes Micro graphia, describing cells observed in cork using a microscope.  1674: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovers microorganisms, giving rise to the idea that life exists beyond visible organisms.  1683: Leeuwenhoek observes bacteria, challenging the notion that life is visible to the naked eye. CHALLENGING SPONTANEOUS GENERATION (1700s-1800s)  1745: John Needham conducts experiments supporting spontaneous generation, claiming that life could form in nutrient broths.  1768: Lazzaro Spallanzani disputes Needham’s conclusions by showing that sealed, sterilized broth does not generate life.   1859: Louis Pasteur definitively disproves spontaneous generation through experiments, showing that microorganisms come from other microorganisms (biogenesis). CELL THEORY AND GERM THEORY (1800s)  1838–1839: Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann develop cell theory, stating that all living organisms are composed of cells, the basic unit of life.  1858: Rudolf Virchow adds to cell theory with the concept that all cells come from pre-existing cells (omnis cellula e cellula).  1860s: Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch develop germ theory, establishing that microorganisms cause diseases, expanding our understanding of life at a microscopic level. DARWIN’S THEORY OF EVOLUTION (1800s)  1859: Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species, introducing the theory of natural selection, reshaping the understanding of life's diversity and interconnectedness.  1866: Gregor Mendel publishes his work on inheritance, laying the foundation for modern genetics, though its importance isn't recognized until the early 20th century. EMERGENCE OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (1900s)  1944: Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty identify DNA as the substance responsible for heredity, marking the beginning of molecular genetics.  1953: James Watson and Francis Crick discover the double-helix structure of DNA, revolutionizing the understanding of how life replicates and passes on information.  1960s: Discovery of the genetic code and how DNA dictates the synthesis of proteins, leading to a deeper understanding of cellular processes. ASTROBIOLOGY AND SEARCH FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE (LATE 1900s-present)  1960s–Present: Advances in space exploration (e.g., Viking missions to Mars) and the discovery of extremophiles (organisms that thrive in extreme environments) lead to new hypotheses about the potential for life on other planets.  1996: Discovery of possible fossilized bacteria in a Martian meteorite ignites debate on the possibility of life beyond Earth.  2009: NASA's Kepler mission identifies thousands of exoplanets, increasing the possibility Of habitable worlds  BIOCHEMISTRY AND SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY (21st century)  2003: Completion of the Human Genome Project, mapping the entire human genome, furthering our understanding of genetic makeup.  2010: Craig Venter creates the first synthetic cell, showing that life can be engineered, marking a new era in synthetic biology.  2018: The discovery of the CRISPR gene-editing tool allows precise manipulation of DNA, transforming genetics and biotechnology. CURRENT AND FUTURE CONCEPTS  2020s: Theories about life are increasingly influenced by systems biology, which views life as an emergent property of complex biochemical systems.  Ongoing: Philosophical and scientific debates continue about the definition of life, especially in the context of artificial intelligence, synthetic biology, and astrobiology. New discoveries, such as potential biosignatures on exoplanets, and efforts to create artificial life forms challenge the traditional biological definitions. EALS LESSON 3 FINALS MICROSCOPE PARTS AND FUNCTIONS MICROSCOPE- a tool that is used to see organisms or objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye Magnification- describes how much larger an object appears when viewed (laki) Resolution- the capacity of a microscope to distinguish small gaps between two separate points which human cannot distinguish (linaw) Compound Microscope- Optical microscope that uses visible light to form an image. It uses glass lenses to magnify and resolve images 3 MAJOR PARTS: 1. MAGNIFYING PARTS 2. ILLUMINATING PARTS 3. MECHANICAL PARTS 1. MAGNIFYING PARTS- parts that make the specimen looks bigger  Eyepiece/Ocular Lense- Where the viewer looks and see the magnified image of the specimen  Objective Lenses- the major lenses used for specimen visualization/ magnification ✓ Low power objective ✓ High power objective ✓ Oil immersion objective 2. ILLUMINATING PARTS- parts that supply and regulate light towards the specimen  Mirror- it reflects light from an external light source up through the bottom of the stage which illuminates the specimen.  Iris diaphragm- it controls the amount of light that reaches the specimen  Stage Condenser- it collects and focuses the light from the mirror to the specimen 3. MECHANICAL PARTS- used for support and in adjusting the different parts of the microscope  Body tube- holds the eyepiece lens and connects them to the objective lenses  Revolving nosepiece- holds the different objective lens and facilitates the changing of objectives  Adjusting Knobs ✓ Coarse Adjustment knob- it moves the body tube and low power lenses closer or farther away from the stage to view the image of the specimen ✓ Fine Adjustment knob- used to bring the specimen into sharp focus to show clearly the detailed parts of the specimen  Stage- a flat surface that mounted slide is place  Stage Clips- it holds the specimen slide in place  Arm & Base- used for support in carrying the microscope  Inclination joint- it allows the user to tilt the microscope for more comfortable viewing EALS LESSON 4 FINALS Asexual Reproduction - Single parent gives birth to offspring that is genetically identical to the parent - New individuals are generated without the fusion of egg and sperm. - Adaptation of some sessile animals and has the ability to reproduce rapidly when population density is low and mates are not available. BUDDING - small part of the parent's body separates from the rest and develops into a new individual. - In cnidarians, such as hydras, new individuals arise asexually as an outgrowth (bud) of the parent. FRAGMENTATION & REGENERATION - Fragmentation= breaking of the body into several pieces - Regeneration= regrowth of parts and develops into a whole animal. - Ex. flatworms (e.g., planaria) and annelids have the ability to regenerate when the parent's body breaks into several pieces. PARTHENOGENESIS - “virgin development” form of asexual reproduction in which an unfertilized egg develops into an adult animal. - Common among insects (e.g., honeybees and wasps) and crustaceans - Occurs among some species of nematodes, gastropods, fishes, amphibians, and reptiles Sexual Reproduction - involves the production and fusion Reproduction of gametes: sperm and egg. - Animals can be dioecious or monoecious (hermaphroditic). - When egg and sperm unite, a zygote is produced. The zygote develops into a new individual, similar to both parents but not identical to either. HERMAPHRODISM - Form of sexual reproduction in which a single individual produces both eggs and sperms. Fertilization - Depends on mechanisms that bring together sperm and egg - The union of sperm and egg - fertilization - can be external or internal. EXTERNAL FERTILIZATION - The female releases eggs into environment where the male then fertilizes them. - A moist habitat is almost always required to prevent the gametes from drying out and to allow sperm to swim to the eggs. INTERNAL FERTILIZATION - The male delivers sperm cells directly into the body of the female Three ways that offspring are produced following internal fertilization  Oviparity- fertilized eggs are laid outside the female’s body and develop there  Ovoviviparity- fertilized eggs are retained in the female, and the embryo obtains its nourishment from the egg’s yolk  Viviparity- don't lay eggs and development occurs the female's body KEY CONCEPTS: ✓ Animals have to modes of reproduction: asexual and sexual reproduction ✓ Asexual reproduction occurs through budding, fragmentation & regeneration, and parthenogenesis. ✓ In internal fertilization, organisms can be produced in three ways: oviparity, ovoviviparity, and viviparity. EALS LESSON 5&6 FINALS INTERACTION Food Chain- linear sequence that show how energy and nutrients flow through an ecosystem from one organism to another. Food web- consists of all the food chains in a single ecosystem. Each living thing in an ecosystem is part of multiple food chains. Ecosystems- collection of all the living things (biotic factors) and nonliving things (abiotic factors) in an area. Organisms Interact in Different Ways - Organisms may compete, cooperate or depend on each other for survival. Predator and Prey relationships - Predator is an organism that eats another organism. The prey is the organism which the predator eats. - Predators can affect how the prey populations are distributed (ex. fish in large groups) - Prey can affect the location and number in predator populations (ex. birds feeding on insects migrate to the areas where the insects are plentiful) Competition - the struggle between individuals or different populations for a limited resource - can happen with the same species (ex. Students competing for recitation chips) Cooperation - organisms work together to benefit each other - ex. Ants, bees, and termites (members of a colony have different roles and responsibilities) Survival of One Species Might Depend on Another Species - Symbiosis- two different species who live together in a close relationship  TYPES OF SYMBIOSIS Mutualism- Both species benefit (ex. Bees & flowers) Commensalism- One species benefits while the other is not affected (ex. Jellyfish & fish) Parasitism- One species benefits while the other is harmed PART 2 BIOTIC POTENTIAL- (positive) The ability of a population of a particular species to propagate under ideal environmental conditions — sufficient food supply, no diseases, and no predators ENVIRONMENTAL RESISTANCE - (negative) - The factors that limit the biotic potential of an organism - include abiotic and biotic factors that limit the organism from endlessly increasing its population. ✓ Biotic factors: predation, competition, parasitism, and diseases. ✓ Abiotic factors: climatic conditions, fire, and temperature. PER DEV LESSON 1 FINALS PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP - The way two or more people, groups, countries, etc. talk to, behave toward, and deal with each other. - The way in which two or more people or things are connected. TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS Business Transactional Relationship Professional Relationship Family Relationship Friendly Relationship Romantic Relationship ATTACHMENT THEORY (3 ATTACHMENT STYLES BY AINSWORTH, WATERS, WALLS – 1978) 1. Secure Attachment - The primary caregiver is most of the time present and available - The emotional needs of an infant are met with a sense of security 2. Avoidant Attachment - The primary caregiver is cold and detached, unresponsive to the child’s need - Child senses rejection and this often leads to premature detachment and self-reliance 3. Anxious-Ambivalent Attachment - The primary caregiver is consistent (?) in terms of presence and in meeting child’s emotional needs - The child may develop separation anxiety or may have mixed feelings between hesitancy and commitment when entering into meaningful relationship ATTRACTION - “Attraction is primarily based on physiology or certain hormones that persons who get attracted to others often pick up their noses.” – Helen Fisher, Anthropologist - Being attracted to another person may also mean liking their genes that are perceived through their physical looks. 3 STAGES OF LOVE 1. Lust – Driven by the sex hormones, testosterone, and estrogen. 2. Attraction - the loves-truck phase, involves neurotransmitters in the brain such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin - a person loses sleep and appetite over someone, and swoons while daydreaming 3. Attachment - deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space  GENETIC BASIS OF LOVING - “since loving has a genetic basis, this is a natural drive that is as powerful as hunger”- Fisher - Genes usually determinants of good health that will also produce healthy children THEORIES OF ATTRACTION (THE ROZENBERG QUARTERLY) - Our past relationship can affect our current intertactions with people PROPINQUITY EFFECT - Proximity is a possible factor why we like a person. We often develop a sense of familiarity with people who live close to us/work with us/go to school with us SIMILARITY - We often like people who we have similarities with. It is a strong factor in friendship and in the selection of mate because it promotes intimacy, trust, empathy, and long lasting relationship. RECIPROCITY - We like people who like us back. PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS - Major factor in liking someone - Connotes positive health and reproductive fitness PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS AND TRAITS - 2 characteristics that lead to liking the other person: being emphatic person- who exudes warmth, sympathy and optimistic- socially competent person, who are good communicators PER DEV LESSON 2 FINALS SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP IN MIDDLE AND LATE ADOLESCENE SOCIALIZATION- Individuals acquire the values, habits, and attitudes of a society. SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP- Relationships of adolescents to a wider group of people (ex. Schoolmates) - Tend to be less intimate, may demand certain level of loyalty SOCIAL INFLUENCE- Bring out changes in the beliefs, attitudes, and/or behavior or person as a result of the action/s of another person. SOCIAL INFLUENCERS: Family, School, Community, Peers, Media TYPES OF SOCIAL INFLUENCE COMPLIANCE- a person seems to agree, and follows what is requested or required of him or her to do or believe in, does not have to really believe or agree to it. IDENTIFICATION: person is influenced by someone he/she likes CONFORMITY- involves change of behavior, belief or thinking to be like others; Peer pressure CONVERSION- an individual wholeheartedly changes his/her original thinking and beliefs, actions, and attitudes to align with those of the other members of group. OBEDIENCE- a person follows what someone tells him/her to do, it may not reflect the person’s set of beliefs or values. Usually stems from respect or fear of the authority figure. PERSUASION- used by one person/group to influence another to change their beliefs, actions, or attitudes LEADERSHIP AND FOLLOWERSHIP THEORIES LEADER- The head of the group of people by having great strength and wisdom,or may inherited a position of power. LEADERSHIP- ability of a person in position of authority to influence others to behave in such a manner that goals are achieved THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP Trait Theory- leadership based on certain personality traits which are generally suited for all leaders Behavioral Theory-leadership is a learned behavior Participative Theory- leader involves other people Situational Theory- leadership behavior is based on factors present in situation- how followers behave Transactional Theory- leadership involves a transactional or negotiation- reward & punishment Transformational Theory- involves a vision, leader is motivating others to support the vision and make it happen. 3 LEADERSHIP STYLES Autocratic Leadership- Centralizes in authority, derives power from position, controls rewards, uses forces to make his/her group members follow, ego-driven. (ex. Martial law) Democratic Leadership- “participative leadership”, asks for suggestions, discusses plans with other members, (ex. Botohan) Laissez-Faire Leadership- leaves the group to its own capacity to finish its task, trust and reliance on their employees, they don’t give too much instruction or guide. PER DEV LESSON 3 FINALS FAMILY- group of people who are related by marriage, blood, or adoption, live together, and share the finances of its members (Thomas, 2010). FILIPINO FAMILIES Nuclear Family- consists of two parents living with their children, also known as immediate family Extended Family- extends the nuclear family, including grandparents, aunts, uncles and other relatives, who all live nearby or in one household Blended Family / Step Family- when one or both partners in a relationship have children from previous relationships, and they come together to create a new family structure. Adoptive Family- a couple who wants to take good care of a child born to other commits legally to raise and provide for the child. Single-Parent Family- either the father or the mother takes good care of one or more children. PARENTING STYLES AUTHORITATIVE- nurturing, responsive, and supportive, yet set firm limits for their children PERMISSIVE- very loving and friendly yet provide few guidelines and rules. AUTHORITARIAN- doesn’t care about your feelings UNINVOLVED- absent in all aspect SITUATIONS THAT CHALLENGED A FAMILY  Additional Family Member  Loss of a Family Member  Sudden / Unexpected Changes  Ongoing conflict in the family  Sick family member  Demoralizing Events (job loss, poverty, scandal, family violence, mental illness, suicide)  Work and family demands PER DEV LESSON 4 FINALS CAREER & LIFE GOALS - CAREER is occasionally used synonymously with OCCUPATION, referring to a role that enables you to apply the knowledge, skills, and abilities you have gained and cultivated through your formal education. CAREER DEVELOPMENT- process that shapes your distinct characteristics for work are formed. The aim is to continually enhance the individual and secure employment after finishing academic training. ACHIEVING YOUR GOAL 1. Define your goals 2. Set a target date 3. Find ways to achieve your goals 4. Identify your sign post Personal factors affecting career choices  PERSONALITY  VALUES  INTEREST  SKILLS  ATTITUDE PERSONALITY - may include your traits or characteristics. Your personality can affect the way you do your work - Introvert person and Extrovert person is an example VALUES- the beliefs or standards that direct your choices and decisions in life. What's acceptable for you might not be seen the same way by others due to their differing value systems. INTEREST- can be your likes or dislikes or the things that makes you motivated  SKILLS - your abilities or proficiencies and encompass your capacity to execute particular operational tasks associated with a job - Technical Skills: Your knowledge of theories Soft Skills: Communication skills, team work, organization and problem solving - Soft Skills: Communication skills, team work organization and problem solving ATTITUDES - your perspective on situations or the environment around you, reflecting a predisposition to behave in a particular manner. - PER DEV LESSON 5/6 FINALS INSIGHTS INTO ONE’S PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECT - Physical health, bodily functions, and physical abilities. COGNITIVE ASPECT - Mental abilities like learning, reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making. PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT - emotions, self-awareness, and mental resilience. SOCIAL ASPECT - growth of interpersonal skills and relationships with others. SPIRITUAL ASPECT - focuses on beliefs, values, and sense of purpose.  Pointers to Review Bu:KAS- may bagay na gustong I. Sitwasyong Pangwika buksan 1. Social Media- itinuturing na BA:sa- nagbabasa ng mga teksto pinakamakapangyarihang midya sa ba:SA- bagay na nabasa ng tubig kasalukuyan A:so- Tumutukoy sa hayop na 2. Dyaryo- malawakang paggamit ng Filipino at inaalagaan iba pang lokal na wika Nagpapakita ng a:SO- usok kapag nagluluto gamit sa pagpapahayag ng balita at opinyon. ang kahoy o kusot 1.3.2. Tono/ Intonasyon- Pagtaas at pagbaba ng tinig sa pagbigkas. 1.3.3. Hinto/ Antala- Saglit na pagtigil sa pagsasalita. Halimbawa: Pahayag na ngangahulugang si Pharsa ang kumuha ng gamit- Hindi, si Pharsa ang kumuha. Pahayag na ipinapakilala si Jeric sa dalawang tao- Tatay, Lawrence, si Jeric po. 2. Morpolohiya-Pag-aaral ng Estruktura ng 3. Telebisyon- Ang Filipino ay kadalasang Salita. ginagamit sa mga balita, teleserye, at mga 2.1 Pangnilalaman programang pang-aliw. a. Pangngalan- nagsasaad ng ngalan ng 4. Pelikula- Tumutukoy sa kung paano ginagamit tao, bagay, hayop at pangyayari. ang wika sa mga pelikula upang ipahayag ang b. Panghalip- humahalili sa ngalan ng kultura,kasaysayan identidad, at karanasan ng tao, bagay, hayop at pangyayari. mga tauhan at ng lipunang kanilang Halimbawa: Sila ay naglakad patungo ginagalawan. sa parke, ngunit hindi nila nakita ang 5. Kulturang Popular- Tumutukoy sa paraan kung kanilang mga kaibigan na paano ginagamit at ipinapakita ang wika sa mga nakatakdang makipagkita sa kanila popular na anyo ng media tulad ng telebisyon, roon. pelikula, musika, at social media. c. Pang-uri- naglalarawan sa pangngalan at panghalip. Halimbawa: Ang malawak na taniman ng mga sari-saring bulaklak ay nagbibigay ng kahanga-hangang tanawin tuwing tag-init. d. Pang-abay- naglalarawan sa Pandiwa, pang-uri at kapwa pang- abay. Pananda: Sa, kay, nang, na ,ng, marahil, tila, baka, oo, tunay, hindi, II. Kakayahang Linggwistiks ayaw, gaano, kung, ngayon, noong, 1. Ponolohiya- Pag-aaral ng Tunog. kahit, sa wakas, madalas at ibp. 1.1. Ponema- Pinakamaliit na yunit ng mga Halimbawa: Nang maabot nila ang tunog. tuktok ng bundok, masaya nilang 1.2. Ponemang Segmental tiningnan ang tanawin at napagtanto 1.2.1. Klaster nila kung gaano kahalaga ang 1.2.2. Diptonggo pagpupunyagi. 1.2.3. Pares Minimal Kahit gaano pa man karami ang iyong 1.2.4. Ponemang Malayang mga plano, tiyak na mas magiging Nagpapalitan matagumpay ka kung magiging 1.3. Ponemang Suprasegmental masigasig ka sa iyong mga gawain. 1.3.1. Diin- Pagbigkas ng isang pantig na e. Pandiwa- nagsasaad ng kilos at salita na nakapagpapabago sa galaw. kahulugan nito. Halimbawa: 2.2 Pangkayarian BU:kas- sa susunod na araw a. Pang-angkop- Katagang nag-uugnay sa panuring at salitang tinuturingan.  b. Pang-ukol- Nag-uugnay sa isang d. Act Sequence- pagkakasunod-sunod ng pangngalan sa iba pang salita. pagkakalahad ng kaisipan. c. Pangatnig- Nag-uugnay ng dalawang e. Keys: antas ng wika na ginamit. (Pormal o salita, parirala, o sugnay. ‘Di- pormal). d. Pangawing- Salitang nagkakawing ng f. Instrumentalities- wika na ginamit sa paksa o simuno at panaguri. usapan. e. Panukoy- Salitang laging nangunguna g. Norms- pinakapaksa ng kabuuan usapan. sa pangngalan o panghalip. h. Genre: uri o anyo ng talakayan. 3. Semantika- Pag-aaral sa kahulugan ng Salita. 3.1. Denotatibo- Literal ang pagpapakahulugan. Halimbawa: Ahas- reptilyang hayop 3.2. Konotatibo- Hindi literal ang pagpapakahulugan. Halimbawa: Ahas- Pagiging taksil 4. Sintaks- Pag-aaral sa pag-uugnay ng salita sa pangungusap. 4.1. Payak- simuno at panaguri 4.2. Tambalan- pinagsamang ang 2 payak na pangungusap. 4.3. Hugnayan- binubuo ng 1 sugnay na makapag-iisa at 1 sugnay na ‘di makakapag-isa. Halimbawa: Habang nag- aaral si Ana sa kanyang silid (SNDMI), ang IV. Kakayahang Istratedyik kanyang kapatid naman ay naglalaro sa A. Di-Berbal na Komunikasyon labas ng bahay.(SNMI) 1. Oculesics- galaw ng mata. Bagamat umuulan nang malakas, 2. Colorics- paggamit ng kulay. nagpatuloy pa rin ang mga magsasaka sa 3. Proxemics- distansya sa kausap. pagtatanim ng palay para matiyak na 4. Pictics- ekspresyon ng mukha. magkakaroon sila ng ani sa darating na 5. Haptics- pisikal na paghawak o haplos. panahon. 6. Olfactorics- pang-amoy. 4.4. Langkapan- binubuo ng 3 sugnay na 7. Objectics- bagay o gamit. makakapag-isa at 1 sugnay na ‘di- 8. Iconics- paggamit ng simbolo. makakapag-isa. Hlimbawa: Matapos ang 9. Chronemics -pagpapahalaga sa oras. kanilang trabaho (SNDMI), nagpunta si 10. Kinesics- kombinasyon ng galaw ng Carla sa National Bookstore upang katawan at mukha. bumili ng mga bagong libro, habang si David naman ay pumunta sa parke V. Panimulang Pananaliksik upang magjogging, at pagkatapos ay A. Dalawang uri ng pananaliksik nagkita silang muli sa kainan upang pag- 1. Kwalitatibo- nakatuon sa karanasan, usapan ang kanilang mga natutunan sa pananaw at opinyon. araw na iyon. (SNMI) Halimbawa: Pag-aaral sa mga Nag-aral ang mga estudyante para sa Karanasan ng mga Guro sa kanilang pagsusulit, umattend sila ng Pagtuturo ng Distance Learning sa mga review session, at nagtanong sila sa Panahon ng Pandemya kanilang guro, habang nag-aalala sila - Karanasan ng mga Kabataan sa tungkol sa kanilang mga marka. Online Classes: Hamon at Estratehiya sa Pagkatuto III. Kakayahang Sosyolinggwistiks 2. Kwantitatibo: tumutukoy sa 1. Modelong SPEAKING (Dell Hymes) pagsukat at pagsusuri ng ugnayan, a. Setting: lugar kung saan naganap ang epekto at pagkakaiba ng mga usapan. baryabol. Halimbawa: Ang Ugnayan b. Participants: mga taong sangkot sa ng Paglalaro ng Mobile Legends at talakayan. Akademikong Pagganap ng mga c. Ends: layunin ng bakit nag-usap ang mga Mag-aaral sa ika-7 Baitang participants. -Ang Ugnayan ng Paglalaro ng Call of Duty sa Sleep Pattern ng mga Mag- aaral mula Ika-11 Baitang