Day 2-Lecture-teacher.pptx

Introduction to Data Centers General Concepts Agenda Importance of data center Importance of data center Importance of data center 20 Data Center Site Selection Best Practices Despite the Internet and virtual working, physical data center site selection is still a major decision. The following are 2...

Introduction to Data Centers General Concepts Agenda Importance of data center Importance of data center Importance of data center 20 Data Center Site Selection Best Practices Despite the Internet and virtual working, physical data center site selection is still a major decision. The following are 20 data center site selection best practices, broken up by area. Selection Process Define a location selection process to list critical and desirable selection criteria. Assign a weight or score to each one, compared to the others. Then you can objectively compare different possibilities for sites. Remember that the selection process should not be limited to the situation today. Simulate future trends and needs to make sure a choice made now will also be the right one into the future. Security and Safety Considerations Avoid high-risk areas, such as aircraft glide paths, but also proximity to major highways (risk of fuel truck accidents). Choose a site with good air quality to protect the health of your employees, as well as to lower costs and avoid equipment malfunction. Security and Safety Considerations Choose a site that has easy access for emergency responders. In a building with multiple tenants, prefer the end of the building rather than the middle, to minimize disruption caused by other tenants. Building Considerations For existing construction, single story buildings with large floor areas are often best. Lower rental and operating costs, better security, and higher flexibility are the main advantages. Check there is sufficient area around the building for parking, water, and fuel storage, as well as for access for delivery trucks. Building and parking lot expansion needs should be evaluated and checked too. Real Estate and Negotiations Concerns Besides aiming for a cost per square foot that falls within your budget, consider possible add-on costs for upgrading power, networking, and any other necessary facilities. For speedier negotiations, prefer sites with single owners, rather than multiple owners. Real Estate and Negotiations Concerns Check on the availability of public incentives, offered for example by municipalities to attract high-technology businesses. Make sure you know about any site or zoning restrictions that could affect the type of building or operations you plan (for example, the operation of diesel generators.) Climate Considerations Get weather data for a sufficiently long period (10 years) to understand if there is a history of natural disasters. Avoid such sites. Consider sites that make outside air cooling viable, thus lowering a major cost in data center operation. Check that the site humidity ranges are compatible with the IT equipment you plan to use in the data center (or face extra costs to make this so inside the data Network Connectivity and Power Considerations Ensure you have adequate networking and power for your needs today, and that these facilities can keep pace with your needs into the future. Prefer sites that offer redundant, separate network links and power lines. The best is to have the entry points on opposite sides of the building (north and south for power, east and west for networking, for example.) Staffing Considerations Moderate economic conditions are often a good trade-off, with sufficient access to skilled people, but without other expenses driving up overall costs. Locating a data center near a university or IT training school can ensure the availability of staff with appropriate skills. A site offering good commute times and quality of life, in general, will help Which other best practices for data center site selection would you add to this list? Data Center Tiers Explained Why do we need Tiers? Some background Why do we have tiers? What do they indicate? With so many data centers of varying sizes, a standard was needed that could be used to consistently identify a data center’s overall capabilities and level of service. The 4-Tier ranking system was established in 2005 to be this unique standard for the data The criteria for each of the 4 tiers primarily focuses on a data center’s: Infrastructure Levels of redundancy Promised uptime level Breaking down the 4 Tiers The Tier I Data Center Single path for power and cooling to the server equipment, with no redundant components. Expected Uptime: 99.671% Typically lacks features seen in larger data centers, such as a backup cooling system or generator. Very little (if any) levels of redundancy. The Tier II Data Center Will typically have a single path for both power and cooling, but will utilize some redundant components. Expected Uptime: 99.741% These data centers have some backup elements, such as a backup cooling system and/or a backup generator. Some redundancy measures are active. The Tier III Data Center Multiple power and cooling distribution paths to servers, to ensure availability if one path fails. Expected Uptime: 99.982% Multiple power sources for all IT equipment. Specific procedures that allow for maintenance to be done in the data center, without causing downtime. Considerably higher availability and uptime. The Tier IV Data Center Fully meets all requirements for Tiers I-III. Expected Uptime: 99.995% Fully fault tolerant infrastructure; it can function normally even in the event of 1 or more equipment failures. Redundancy in everything: Multiple cooling units, backup generators, power sources, chillers, etc. A truly maximum level of uptime. What Tier IV Represents What Tier IV Represents A Tier IV ranking indicates that a data center can maintain a truly maximum uptime level Redundant components and supporting through its: hardware Facility’s physical construction and security Fully fault tolerant infrastructure Internal processes/procedures What Does It Cost to Build a Data Center? The cost to build data center facilities is one question. However, let’s back up a little. Why would you want to build a data center in the first place? Possible reasons include: Your data is too sensitive to be kept in a data center built or managed by somebody else. You already have a significant part of the data center, which makes completion of the project economically viable compared to other solutions. You are unaware of other solutions, such as data center leasing or colocation. You want to be the one who offers the leasing or colocation service. You know no fear and have lots of money. The fact is: building a data center takes both money and expertise. Nevertheless, if your heart is set on constructing your own facility, here are pointers to help you in that discussion with your finance director. Factors Needed to Build One Data Center A building for the data center: costs and suitability will vary according to location. If you want to use a building you already own, make sure it is in the right place (access, power, network connections, and so on.) Otherwise, look for another one. Servers and storage units to put in your data center. If you have them already, remember to factor in the cost of moving and installing them in the new facility. Software licenses: whether you have them or buy them, you will need them in your new data center. Factors Needed to Build One Data Center Power: Costs may be as high as $100,000 per megawatt. It depends. Remember to add in backup power facilities as well (industrial-strength battery backup and diesel generator, for instance.) Network connectivity: One mile of fiber optic connection may cost as much as $250,000. Cooling: You’ll need the equipment to take the heat away and the power installation to drive that equipment. Among other things, this will all depend on the type of servers you want to run. Rightsizing is clearly a key aspect when budgets run into millions of dollars. Your total costs will vary according to the level of reliability and availability you want for your data center (Tier 1, 2, 3 or 4). Somehow, you’ll also want to factor in operational, maintenance, and upgrade costs. While these are not part of the initial “build data center” costs, they can stress your finances too. An example? Plan on renewing your IT servers every three years in order to avoid falling behind in performance and reliability. Agenda Requirement Data Centre Requirements Requirement for physical area and unoccupied space Power requirements HVAC Physical load bearing capacity of the floor Requirement A.needed or wanted B.A necessary condition Data Centre Requirements Backup Storage Disaster external security Hackers Data Managed useable scalability availability Google datacenter Requirement for physical area and unoccupied space Elements that define the physical capacity of a data center space for storage, network devices, server machines, network devices, power panels, breakers and HVAC Requirement for physical and unoccupied space Maximum area space is occupied by the racks and large servers. The remaining space is used for other infrastructural elements. Requirement for Power to Run all the Devices Requirement for Power to Run all the Devices Key Devices in Electrical Power Distribution Need of UPS The data center must have continuous power supply without any interruptions. To meet this need, UPS must be used in data centers. Two types of UPS Online UPS: Power filters through the batteries at all times. Switchable UPS: Power from batteries is used only when power fails. HVAC the Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) controls the ambient environment (temperature, humidity, air flow, and air filtering). Physical load bearing capacity of the floor Maximum weight that the data centre floor supports Maximum Maximum weight that point load a single tile that a tile supports can support Maximum weight that the data centre floor supports  The raised floor would be able to support the present and future loads. Maximum weight that a single tile supports Solid tiles Perforated or grated tiles Maximum point load that a tile can support Total weight = weight of server + weight of rack Point load on a tile = Total weight / 4 Summar y The physical capacity of a data center is defined by storage, network devices, server machines, power panels, breakers and HVAC. Based on their size, the equipment is placed either on racks or directly on the floor. In a data center, racks and large servers occupies maximum (50%60%) space. Any data center must have continuous power supply without any interruptions. To meet this, UPS must be used in data centers. To calculate the total weight of the equipment on the floor, you should sum the weights of each empty rack and cabinet, approximate weight of each device and large servers. Top 10 Data Center Strategy Success Criteria Performance to the End user IP Connectivity Platform Flexibility Colocation Enterprise IP TCP Space, Power, Content Delivery Network Hosting Acceleration Media Delivery, Transparent Caching, Mobile Analytic Delivery s Cooling Interconnection Managed Hosting Dedicated Hosting Cloud Private Cloud We live and breathe a full range of intelligent IT Infrastructure services 7 6 Public Cloud Cloud Storage ##ddaattaacecenntt eersursucceccesss s What are my options? 7 7 ##ddaattaacecenntt eersursucceccesss s Where do I start? Where am I headed? Enterprises tend to migrate their infrastructure toward the cloud Build, Wholesale, Retail Data Center 7 8 M anag ed Hostin g Privat e Clou d Publi c Clou d Internet start-ups tend to migrate toward more dedicated infrastructure ##ddaattaacecenntt eersursucceccesss s Four options: many considerations Build your own data center Time to market Capital investme nt Capacity Security and asset control Redundanc y Core business focus 79 Wholesale consideratio ns Consistently highoccupancy in large pods Power and cooling cannot be scaled Strong presence in key markets Cash flow stability Lower operating costs Lower price points Colocation consideratio ns Costeffective alternative to build your own Flexible footprint up to certain dimensions Service level agreement s Reduce and eliminate costs Meets compliance Cloud consideratio ns Scalability Zero provisioning cost Reduction of IT staff Availability of cloud data centers Overestimating your needs in the cloud Does it meet compliance and security requirements #datacentersuccess Definitions Real Estate Greenfield Powere d Shell Turn-key Retail Colocation Hosting/ Cloud A data center An Fully outsource improved d, no multiphysical tenant equipmen data center real estatet Generally, greenfield, brownfield and powered shells are traditional Definition A grassy field Brownfield Wholesale An unimprov ed building An improve d building models Turn-key is the core wholesale model, but some wholesalers will offer real estate solutions Colocation is the most basic retail data center model Hosting/cloud matches demand most closely, but higher opex per unit 80 #datacentersuccess Poll question How will you handle demand for more Data Center Infrastructure over the next 12-18 months? 81 #datacentersuccess Topic: Data center demand trends 66% Uptime Institute Symposium Survey: May 2012 “How will you handle demand for more Data Center Infrastructure over the next 1218 months?” 29% 42% 30% 24% 10% Deploy Modular Solution 82 Lease Colocation Space Build a New Data Center Deploy to Cloud Update Infrastructure Consolidate Servers #datacentersuccess Top 10 Criteria to Analyze Your Needs 83 ##ddaattaacecenntt eersursucceccesss s 1. Required availability: commonly known as the Uptime Instituteʼs Tier level The more available your site, the larger the expense. Have your carefully evaluated your availability needs to avoid over sizing and over designing your data center? 84 #datacentersuccess 2. Anticipated day one loads and incremental growth Track your IT equipment patterns. Do you know the power profile of your existing equipment and its longevity? #datacentersuccess 3. Location impacts Decide on the most important factors. Can you rank what is most critical: close to headquarters, DR site, energy rates, power/cooling, carrier diversity? #datacentersuccess 4. Design and construction consulting and vendor selection Selecting the correct team can make or break your project. How will you go about choosing a vendor/partner? #datacentersuccess 5. Life cycle cost modeling Data center lifecycles include many components. Have you considered your variables for computing, facility and financial impacts? PUE 3. 5 3. 0 2. 5 2. 0 1. 5 1. 0 0. 5 - 5 3 45 1 223 24 2 2 6 7 1 10 1 8 9 12 13 5 16 14 1 8 19 17 1 2 #datacentersuccess 21 20 6. Green evaluation to PUE It isnʼt easy being green. Have you quantified the costs associated with going green? What are your business requirements for this certification? #datacentersuccess 7. Modular approach Build with the future in mind and allow for easy transitions. What are your sizing needs now and later? #datacentersuccess 8. Staffing capabilities Building a data center is complex. Do you have the personnel needed to operate your facility? #datacentersuccess Corporate expectations and goals need to be aligned. 9. Budget analysis Who makes these decisions? What about CAPEX vs. OPEX? 92 #datacentersuccess 10. Regulatory impact Costs and time increase with specific regulatory specifications. Do you need to meet industry compliance requirements such as HIPAA or data centerspecific needs such as SOC? #datacentersuccess Why Flexibility Matters 94 ##ddaattaacecenntt eersursucceccesss s The Importance of Flexibility Expertise Speed Flexibility Money Have a clear goal Risk Regul95 ations but be flexible in how you achieve it. ##ddaattaacecenntt eersursucceccesss s Lets visit google data center Data Centers – Google (462) Microsoft Data Center Tour - YouTube Terms to Understan d Term Definition Greenfield new, built-to-suit needs Brownfield existing, repurposed Redundancy duplication of equipment or systems Reliability likelihood of meeting functions over time Availability amount of time system is functioning Uptime time that equipment & systems are available to perform functions Downtime time that equipment & systems are not functioning PUE Power Usage Effectiveness TGG The Green Grid UTI Uptime Institute Data Center Facility Overview Sections Data Center Planning There are many phases to planning and implementing a data center Obtain Monitor Desig n requiremen ts Plan Commission Constru ct Procure & manag e Operate & maintai n The building and services are to support the IT equipment and user needs Building shape comes from the necessary functions Data Center Planning Shor t term need s Long term growt h Based on current goals Requirements from today’s/yesterday’s IT equipment Plans developed from last internal server refresh Server refresh is every 2 to 5 years Based on current & future goals Requirements from today’s/tomorrow’s IT equipment Plans developed from latest industry server refresh Data center refresh is every 20 to 50 years Data Center Size and Density Data Center Size Size Metric Mega Massive Rack Yield >=9,001 Compute Space SQFT (ft2) SQM (m2) >=225,001 >=22,501 3,001 - 9,000 75,001 - 225,000 7,501 - 22,500 Large 801 - 3,000 20,001 - 75,000 2,001 - 7,500 Medium 201 - 800 5,001 - 20,000 501 - 2,000 Small 11 - 200 251 - 5,000 26 - 500 Mini 1 - 10 1 - 250 1 - 25 Data center rack densities continue to increase Increasing the density to maximize the power available has led to the industry average density increase Current density is about 7.7 kW per rack Data center sizes have remained mostly constant Rack planning and consolidation often solve short-term needs for growth Data Center Cooling Loos e Nea r Clos e kW per rack Typical rack densities High density racks Specialty cooling for racks/areas Containers “Data Center in a box” Made for easy transport, fast stand-up Power connection(s) required; cooling may be required depending on model Modul ar Data center rooms (cells or modules) are split into standardized repeatable segments; supporting systems separate Sections can be built as necessary Power, cooling, space limits are set with minimal flexibility for increases Colocati on Large data center hosts many clients Separate rooms or fenced sections may be provided Owned / operated by another party Enterprise Large data center provides services to a single entity, company, department or organization; may have many needs for sub-groups Often owned / operated by the single entity May be part of a larger building or campus Flexibility and scalability are typically easier Deployments are usually faster Can have uniformity of power, space and cooling May have redundant data centers Data Center Tour: Microsoft Microsoft provides an overview and some details of their data centers, including security, sustainability and the architecture of their infrastructure. Greenfield Brand new site Site selection reviews risks, benefits Airports, highways Latency, fiber Labor North Carolina Brownfield Office transformed into data center Limits of weight, cooling, power, redundancy, etc. Laboratory transformed into data center Reuse Air, specialty systems need to be considered of existing Industrial transformed into data center facilities Often has more options that better fit reuse for a data center Paper mills transform ed into data centers Activity Link the following descriptions with the images White Space Enterprise Data Center Greenfiel d Brownfiel d Containeriz ed Data Center