Database Principles Chapter One PDF

Database Principles Chapter One Your Name: 1. What is the primary contribution of Dr. Edgar Frank Codd to database technology? A. He developed the relational model for database management. B. He introduced hierarchical databases in computing. C. He founded the first database management co...

Database Principles Chapter One Your Name: 1. What is the primary contribution of Dr. Edgar Frank Codd to database technology? A. He developed the relational model for database management. B. He introduced hierarchical databases in computing. C. He founded the first database management company. D. He created the first database application software. 2. Which of the following best defines a Database Management System (DBMS)? A. A system that generates and maintains a database. B. Software used only for data visualization. C. A storage medium for physical database records. D. A collection of unrelated data with redundancy. 3. Which of the following is NOT considered an advantage of using a database? A. Consistency and integrity maintenance. B. High speed of retrieval. C. Data independence from storage medium. D. Increased data redundancy. 4. What are the three general levels of database architecture? A. Physical, Logical, Hierarchical. B. Structural, Relational, Operational. C. Internal, External, User. D. Internal, Conceptual, External. 5. How does a database ensure data integrity? A. By encouraging data duplication. B. By applying security restrictions. C. By allowing unsupervised data access. D. By storing data in a single format only. 6. Which statement about the conceptual level of database architecture is true? A. It limits access to only authorized users. B. It is a central description of various information contents. C. It deals with the physical storage of data. D. It describes how data is viewed by individual users. 7. What role do keys play in Dr. Codd's relational model? A. They enhance security measures. B. They help in physical data storage. C. They establish relationships between data entities. D. They are used solely for data encryption. 8. Which of the following is a characteristic of a well-designed database? A. It requires data to be stored in one specific format. B. It allows for high redundancy in data storage. C. It focuses solely on speed of retrieval. D. It separates applications from data storage. 9. What happens when a transaction enters the failed state? A. It continues executing until completion. B. It rolls back all operations and is permanently deleted. C. It can no longer proceed further. D. It is automatically committed. 10. What is the definition of a committed transaction? A. A transaction that is waiting to be executed. B. A transaction that has failed. C. A transaction that has successfully completed all operations. D. A transaction that has rolled back all its operations. 11. Which of the following best describes a serial schedule? A. Transactions are executed simultaneously. B. One transaction executes fully before the next begins. C. Transactions can be executed in any random order. D. All transactions are interleaved in execution. 12. What occurs if a transaction aborts? A. The system continues without changes. B. The database system rolls back to its previous state. C. It automatically commits. D. All write operations are retained. 13. What does result equivalence mean in transaction scheduling? A. Two schedules produce the same results but may vary with different values. B. Two schedules involve sequential execution of the same transactions. C. Two schedules are executed at the same time. D. Two schedules yield the same result for all transactions. 14. After a transaction reaches the aborted state, what can the database management system do? A. Prevent any further transactions from occurring. B. Select between restarting or killing the transaction. C. Only retry the transaction. D. Immediately commit all changes made. 15. In transaction scheduling, what is a schedule? A. A chronological execution sequence of transactions. B. A group of transactions prepared for execution in parallel. C. A method to eliminate transaction failures. D. A graphical representation of database transactions. 16. Which of the following statements is true regarding the effects of a committed transaction? A. It may lead to data inconsistency. B. Its effects can be rolled back. C. Its effects are permanently made on the database. D. It requires verification before being finalized. 17. What is the primary purpose of normalization in databases? A. To enhance the visual representation of the data B. To increase redundancy of data across tables C. To validate and improve logical design to avoid unnecessary duplication of data D. To define the physical architecture of the database 18. What does the term 'schema' refer to in the context of databases? A. A set of operations performed as a unit B. The rules applied for data validation C. A chart that specifies the entities and their relations within a database D. The actual content of the database at a particular moment 19. Which of the following best describes 'instances' in a database? A. The actual content of the database at a specific point in time B. A diagram representing entities and relations C. The rules governing data integrity and security D. The collection of all schema objects 20. Which of the following is NOT a database application mentioned? A. Airlines B. Manufacturing C. Healthcare D. Human resources 21. What does a data model typically describe? A. Only the user interface for database interaction B. Data relationships, constraints, semantics, and data types C. Only the physical storage of the data D. How to improve database performance over time 22. In a banking transaction, which of the following represents the consistent state before the transaction? A. The amount in both users A and B's accounts before the transaction B. The operational steps performed to complete the transaction C. After the money is transferred between accounts D. The final balance in user A's account after deducting the transfer amount 23. Which of the following data models includes the concept of entities and relationships? A. Object-oriented model B. Hierarchical model C. Flat file model D. Entity-Relationship (ER) model 24. Which task is considered a part of a transaction involving bank accounts? A. Generating reports on user's transaction history B. Changing the account type of a user C. Adding new users to the bank database D. Debiting an amount from one account and crediting it to another 25. What does the atomicity property ensure during a transaction? A. All changes to data are performed as if they are a single operation. B. All data changes are logged for future reference. C. All transactions must be completed within a specific time frame. D. Changes to data can be returned to a previous state at any time. 26. Which property of transactions ensures data is consistent at the beginning and end of a transaction? A. Consistency B. Durability C. Atomicity D. Isolation 27. What happens during the isolation property of a transaction? A. Transactions are allowed to see other transactions' interim results. B. Transactions are performed in a serialized manner at all times. C. Intermediate states of a transaction are hidden from other transactions. D. All transactions are processed in batches to increase efficiency. 28. What is the state of a transaction called when it has successfully executed its final operation? A. Finalized B. Completed C. Active D. Partially Committed 29. Which property guarantees that data changes persist even after a system failure? A. Isolation B. Consistency C. Durability D. Atomicity 30. What occurs in the active state of a transaction? A. The transaction is completed and verified. B. The transaction is being rolled back. C. The transaction is waiting for user input. D. The transaction is in the process of being executed. 31. Why is it important for transactions to be isolated? A. To automatically batch transactions for processing. B. To allow concurrent transactions to see each other's data. C. To ensure that each transaction can be undone independently. D. To prevent interference from other transactions during execution. 32. What characterizes the consistency property during a transaction? A. Transactions can be partially committed at any stage. B. Transactions must complete within a time limit. C. Intermediate data must be visible to all transactions. D. Data integrity is maintained throughout the transaction process.