Data Extraction & File Structures PDF Questions

Data Extraction & File Structures Your Name: 1. What are the two fundamental components of data structures discussed in the text, and how do they relate to organizing and accessing records? 2. In the context of flat file structures, why is sequential access considered inefficient when only a smal...

Data Extraction & File Structures Your Name: 1. What are the two fundamental components of data structures discussed in the text, and how do they relate to organizing and accessing records? 2. In the context of flat file structures, why is sequential access considered inefficient when only a small portion of the file needs processing? 3. Explain how an indexed structure improves data access compared to a sequential structure, especially for individual record retrieval. 4. What is the primary disadvantage of using the Indexed Sequential Access Method (ISAM) for record insertion, and why does this occur? 5. How does a hashing structure determine the physical storage address of a record, and what is a potential disadvantage of this method? 6. In a point structure, what information is stored in a field with each data record, and what purpose does this serve? 7. Describe the disadvantage of using a physical address as a type of pointer and what risk is associated with it. 8. Explain why user views must be consolidated into a single "logical view" or schema in database design. 9. What are the three types of anomalies that can result from un- normalized data? 10. Briefly describe the purpose of data extraction in the context of a computer audit. 11. What is the key advantage of random indexes over sequential ones in terms of database maintenance? 12. What is the primary function of Embedded Audit Modules (EAM) within a system, and what is a key disadvantage of using them? 13. What condition related to non-key attributes must be met to eliminate the three anomalies (insertion, deletion, update) during the normalization process? 14. In database terminology, what distinguishes a relational structure from structures utilizing explicit linkages? 15. What is the role of auditors in relation to database normalization, even though it's primarily the responsibility of systems professionals? 16. Explain why capturing data in sufficient detail and diversity is a growing trend for user views. 17. Name three of the listed uses for Generalized Audit Software (GAS). 18. What are two of the listed auditing issues that arise when using audit software, and how can auditors mitigate these risks? 19. What is the key advantage of ACL over other audit software options, based on the information provided? 20. What are the listed purposes of data extraction?