PATHFIT 4 Dance PDF - Introduction, History, Forms, Movements

PATHFIT 4: PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES TOWARDS HEALTH AND FITNESS CHAPTER 1 The introduction highlights the natural presence of rhythm in the universe, connecting it to human experience. Rhythm, perceived through sound as music and through movement as dance, is integral to expression. Dan...

PATHFIT 4: PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES TOWARDS HEALTH AND FITNESS CHAPTER 1 The introduction highlights the natural presence of rhythm in the universe, connecting it to human experience. Rhythm, perceived through sound as music and through movement as dance, is integral to expression. Dance, characterized as rhythmic body movement often accompanied by music, serves purposes such as expressing ideas or emotions, releasing energy, or finding joy in movement. While dance stems from a natural impulse, it becomes an expressive art form through the skill of performers. BRIEF HISTORY OF Dance took on religious Dance diversified into genres Dance was used for significance in some areas but like modern, jazz, hip-hop, and rituals and storytelling was frowned upon in others. more, reflecting cultural shifts. PRE-HISTORIC ERA MEDIEVAL PERIOD MODERN ERA ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS RENAISSANCE Cultures incorporated Dance flourished dance in ceremonies, leading to formalized myths, and dramas. styles like ballet.  served as partners in rituals, uniting communities through It deeply rooted in human history, rhythm and expression. likely originated during primitive times as part of ritualistic practices, Both art forms share a strong connection such as appeasing nature spirits or through rhythm, a fundamental element in both. marking rites of passage.  AS RITUAL In most ancient civilizations, dancing before their gods is an important element in temple ritual. IN EGYPT the priest and priestesses perform stately movement In Egyptian Funerals women dance to express the grief of the mourners IN GREEK SHRINES games at Olympia, inaugurated. CHOROS is originally just a dance, performed in a circle in honor off a god. IN INDIA formalized hand movements of the priestesses in Hindu templess called as BHARATA NHATYAM  AS ECSTASY Dance has long been associated with uninhibited expression and heightened emotions, often fueled by rhythmic music and celebratory substances like alcohol. IN ANCIET GREECE Dionysiac dances THE BACCHAE BY dancing women whose fury even sweeps them into an act of murder, are immortalized in a THE EURIPIDES tragedy.  AS ENTERTAINMENT AND DISPLAY It dates back to ancient Egyptian paintings from around 1400 BC, showcasing scantily clad dancers accompanied by musicians, symbolizing pleasure in both this world and the afterlife. AS RITUAL AS ECSTASY AS ENTERTAINMENT AND DISPLAY  ON DANCE AND RHYTHM  RHYTHM It is the measure of movement or variation characterized by the regular recurrence or alternation of elements or features such as sounds, beats, patterns. In sounds, rhythm is present in songs, musical instruments and the like. In beats, rhythm is present through dance, as dancers move in accordance with the rhythm of the music. In patterns, rhythm can be observed in the visual arts like painting, architectural designs, sculpture, etc.  DANCE It refers to the rhythmic succession of body movements usually to the accompaniment of music and is used as a form of communication. Dance pertains to a definite set of movements performed on a definite music. Key characteristics of : Expression of Emotions: Dance uses the body as a medium for non-verbal communication, conveying feelings and emotions. Rhythmic Movements: It involves a flow or succession of rhythmic body movements. Musical Accompaniment: Most dances are performed with music, although some ritual dances use alternative sounds like foot tapping, bells, or other natural instruments as accompaniment.  denotes the total body movements where there is a proper projection of the face to involve the emotion required by the dance. The expression of the dancer's face should complete the whole dance. Dance Education Program Awareness and Appreciation Focus: This phase emphasizes learning the fundamental techniques and movement patterns for various dance forms. Purpose: Students gain technical proficiency, focusing on body alignment, coordination, and rhythm. Skill Development Focus: This phase emphasizes learning the fundamental techniques and movement patterns for various dance forms. Purpose: Students gain technical proficiency, focusing on body alignment, coordination, and rhythm. Creative Expression Focus: Students are encouraged to use dance as a tool for storytelling, emotional expression, and creativity. Purpose: To foster originality and artistic expression by allowing learners to choreograph their routines or improvise. Performance and Presentation Focus: The final phase involves preparing and showcasing dance routines, emphasizing stage presence and performance skills. Purpose: To build confidence, collaboration, and audience engagement while developing the ability to critically evaluate dance. ELEMENTS OF ELEMENTS OF MAJOR MINOR Body Dyanamics Action Relationships Space Structure Time Context Energy  MAJOR ELEMENTS OF BODY ACTION SPACE The instrument of dance; The steps, gestures, and The area in which the dance includes posture, shapes, movements performed. occurs, including direction, and movements. level, and pathway. TIME ENERGY Rhythm, tempo, and The quality of movement timing of the dance. (e.g., sharp, fluid, sustained).  MINOR ELEMENTS OF DYNAMICS RELATIONSHIP The intensity and Interaction between variations in movements. dancers and with props or the audience STRUCTURE CONTEXT The organization of The cultural, social, or movements within a historical backdrop of the dance routine. dance. Various Ballet Origin: Developed during the Italian Renaissance and later refined in France and Russia. Characteristics: Known for its elegance, precision, and grace. Dancers perform structured movements such as pirouettes, pliés, and jetés. Usually tells a story or expresses emotion through choreographed sequences. Modern Dance Origin: Emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a rebellion against classical ballet. Characteristics: Focuses on self-expression, fluidity, and freedom of movement. Rejects rigid techniques of ballet and incorporates natural movements. Often performed barefoot to emphasize connection with the ground. Jazz Origin: Rooted in African American culture and influenced by jazz music in the early 20th century. Characteristics: High-energy movements, syncopated rhythms, and improvisation. Includes styles like Broadway jazz, street jazz, and lyrical jazz. Focuses on sharp, fluid movements with isolations and dynamic transitions. Social/Ballroom Dance Origin: Originated in the aristocratic courts of Europe and Latin America. Characteristics: Partnered dances such as the Waltz, Tango, Salsa, and Cha-Cha. Emphasizes connection between partners and rhythmic patterns. Often performed at social gatherings, competitions, and events. Hip-Hop Origin: Emerged in the Bronx, New York, during the 1970s as part of hip-hop culture. Characteristics: Includes styles like breaking (breakdancing), popping, locking, and krumping. Focuses on freestyle, rhythm, and personal expression. Often performed in battles or as street performances. Popular Dance Origin: Refers to trendy or viral dance styles that gain popularity through social media, music videos, or cultural movements. Characteristics: Often simple, catchy, and easy to learn. Influenced by current pop culture and youth trends Line Dance Origin: Rooted in traditional Western and folk dances. Characteristics: Choreographed dance performed in rows or lines, without partners. Involves repetitive sequences of steps set to music. Popular at social gatherings and events like weddings or country music festivals Festival Dance Origin: Performed during cultural or religious festivals as a form of celebration and community expression. Characteristics: Reflects local traditions, stories, and beliefs. Features colorful costumes and lively movements. Examples include the Sinulog Festival (Philippines), Carnival Samba (Brazil), and Flamenco (Spain). Folk Dance Origin: Traditional dances passed down through generations within specific cultures. Characteristics: Represents cultural identity and heritage. Often performed during rituals, ceremonies, and celebrations. Examples: Tinikling (Philippines), Irish Step Dance (Ireland), and Kathak (India) Interpretative / Contemporary Dance Origin: Combines elements of modern, ballet, and theatrical dance. Characteristics: Focuses on storytelling and emotional expression through abstract movements. Often improvisational, allowing for creative freedom. Contemporary dance bridges classical techniques with innovative choreography.  DANCE CHARACTERISTICS ORIGIN & INFLUENCES MOVEMENT STYLE PURPOSE/CONTEXT FORM Ballet Highly technical, Originated in the Italian Precise, controlled Performance art, emphasizes grace, Renaissance, developed in movements, pointe work, storytelling, classical and balance, and flexibility France and Russia leaps, and turns contemporary productions Modern Rejects strict ballet Developed in the late Fluid, grounded, uses Artistic expression, Dance techniques, emphasizes 19th-early 20th century as gravity and natural emotional storytelling expression and a rebellion against ballet movement freedom Jazz Dance Energetic, dynamic, Rooted in African Sharp, fast movements, Entertainment, musical syncopated rhythms, American culture, kicks, turns, body isolations theater, commercial dance isolations influenced by jazz music Social/ Partner-based, Originated in Europe and Smooth, flowing or Social interaction, Ballroom structured steps, Latin America, varies by rhythmic movements recreation, competitions Dance elegant or rhythmic style (waltz, tango, salsa, depending on the style cha-cha) Hip-Hop Street-based, energetic, Originated in the Bronx, Popping, locking, breaking, Street culture, battles, Dance freestyle elements NYC, in the 1970s, freestyle improvisation commercial performances influenced by hip-hop culture  Popular Trend-based, Varies by generation and Simple, repetitive, Entertainment, social Dance influenced by media music trends (e.g., TikTok accessible for mass media trends and pop culture dances, K-pop participation choreography) Line Dance Repetitive Rooted in folk and country Simple, structured, Social events, exercise, choreographed steps, dance, popularized in clubs synchronized group participation performed in lines and events movements Festival Cultural, celebratory, Tied to religious or cultural Varies by tradition, often Cultural preservation, Dance performed during festivities (e.g., Sinulog, Ati- colorful and theatrical religious or community festivals Atihan, Panagbenga) celebrations Folk Dance Traditional, passed Based on cultural traditions Simple, repetitive, Cultural identity, through generations, of specific regions or ethnic community-focused storytelling, social reflects heritage groups steps gatherings Contempor Expressive, blends Developed in the mid-20th ary/Interpr ballet, modern, and century as a mix of ballet Fluid, abstract, often Emotional storytelling, etative other styles and modern dance improvisational personal expression Dance WHY DO PEOPLE  REASONS WHY PEOPLE 1. for enjoyment 2. as a profession 3. as a form of ritual, praise and worship to God 4. for socialization  CHAPTER 1: PERFORMANCE TASK The Teacher will group the students. Each group will prepare and perform a 3-5-minute dance routine based on either a popular dance or a line dance, approved by the instructor.  Excellent Good Satisfactory Needs Improvement Poor Criteria (20 pts) (18 pts) (16 pts) (14 pts) (12 pts) Execution & Movements are executed Movements are clear Movements are Movements are Poor execution with Technique with precision, clarity, and and well-executed recognizable but lack inconsistent, hesitant, unclear or incorrect proper form. Shows with minor fluidity and sharpness. or lack control. Several movements. Little to excellent control and inconsistencies in form Some minor mistakes. noticeable errors. no control. coordination. and control. Synchronization Perfect synchronization Mostly synchronized Some synchronization Several instances of Poor synchronization; & Timing with the music and group. with minor lapses. issues; occasional loss being offbeat or out of often offbeat and out Movements are well- Good timing with of timing with music sync with the group. of step with the group. timed and seamless. music. and group. Energy & High energy and strong Good energy and Moderate energy and Lacks energy and Very low energy and Expression stage presence. Expresses expression. Engages expression. Some expression. Minimal expression. No enthusiasm and the audience with engagement with the effort in engaging the engagement with the confidence throughout enthusiasm. audience. audience. audience. the performance. Choreography Performs choreography Choreography is Some hesitation or Many mistakes or Struggles to follow the Execution with confidence, fluidity, performed well with uncertainty in forgotten steps. choreography. and accuracy. Transitions minor hesitations. executing the Transitions are rough. Multiple missed steps. are smooth. Transitions are mostly choreography. smooth. Audience Fully confident and Displays confidence Shows some Minimal confidence, No confidence or Engagement & engaging. Connects with and good audience confidence but limited avoids eye contact, audience engagement. the audience through eye engagement. audience connection. and lacks engagement. Performance appears Confidence contact and expressions. forced or uninterested. Scoring Guide: ✓ 90 - 100 points → Outstanding Performance ✓ 80 - 89 points → Very Good Performance ✓ 70 - 79 points → Good Performance ✓ 60 - 69 points → Needs Improvement ✓ Below 60 points → Unsatisfactory Performance