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# SCIENCE THEMES UNIFY STUDY OF LIFE **1) Biological Systems:** * System - complex organization formed from a combination of smaller parts, arrangement + interactions. * Cellular Basis of Life * All organisms are made of cells. Most multicellular organisms have higher levels of organization....

# SCIENCE THEMES UNIFY STUDY OF LIFE **1) Biological Systems:** * System - complex organization formed from a combination of smaller parts, arrangement + interactions. * Cellular Basis of Life * All organisms are made of cells. Most multicellular organisms have higher levels of organization. Interactions of cells determine development and survival. **2) Form and Function:** * How something works is related to its structure (form fits function). **3) Reproduction and Inheritance:** * Organisms reproduce their own kind. * All cells contain DNA in the genome. **4) Interaction with Environment:** * Continuous reactions to environmental stimuli, transfer of chemicals. **5) Energy and Life:** * In chemical form (carbohydrates, lipids), ecosystem **6) Regulation:** * Homeostasis = regulation of internal conditions. **7) Adaptation and Evolution:** * Generation to generation change in the proportion of different genes. * Inherited traits help with survival and reproduction. * Population = localized group of same species. * Natural Selection = individuals with beneficial variations may live longer and produce more offspring. **8) Biology and Society:** * DNA - Medicine, agriculture, pharmaceutical issues, genetics **9) Scientific Inquiry:** * Ask questions about nature. Observations and experiments find answers. * Basic unit of life = cells # CELL ORGANELLES * Only found in eukaryotic cells *Eukaryotic - Has Nucleus *Prokaryotic - No Nucleus * **Cell Membrane** - Boundary of the cell, made of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins embedded, surrounded by a membrane. Provides shape and structure. rough ER - with ribosomes; smooth ER - no ribosomes. * **Nucleus** - Control Center, has DNA. * **Cytoskeleton** - Helps move organelles around the cell. * **Endoplasmic Reticulum** - Highway of the cell. Rough ER - with ribosomes. Smooth ER - no ribosomes. * **Ribosome** - Site of protein synthesis, produced in part of the nucleus (nucleolus). * **Golgi Body/Apparatus** - Transports molecules, stores proteins. Helps in transporting. * **Lysosomes** - Garbage disposal of the cell, breaks down food, waste, etc. * **Mitochondria** - Powerhouse of the cell, creates energy through cellular respiration. Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy. * **Chloroplast** - Performs photosynthesis, only in plant cells.