Medical Parasitology Level 1 PDF

‫‪Practical al Parasitology‬‬ ‫‪T- Halah M.AL Shoga`a‬‬ ‫وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي‬ ‫والتعليم الفني والتدريب المهني‬ ‫المجلس األعلى لكليات المجتمع‬...

‫‪Practical al Parasitology‬‬ ‫‪T- Halah M.AL Shoga`a‬‬ ‫وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي‬ ‫والتعليم الفني والتدريب المهني‬ ‫المجلس األعلى لكليات المجتمع‬ ‫كلية مجتمع خاصة – مأرب‬ ‫‪Medical Parasitology‬‬ ‫‪Level 1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬  Practical al Parasitology T- Halah M.AL Shoga`a Introduction to Medical Parasitology Parasitology: Is the science that deals with microorganisms that live on or within other organisms (Hosts). Medical Parasitology is divided in to: 3. Medical Protozoology: Deals with the study of medically important protozoa that affect human. 2. Medical Helminthology : Deals 1. Medical Entomology: Deals with with the study of helminthes (worms) the study of arthropods which cause or that affect human. transmit disease to human. A parasite: is a living organism, which takes its nourishment and other needs from the host. The host : is an organism which supports the parasite. 2 Practical al Parasitology T- Halah M.AL Shoga`a Host-parasite Relationships Symbiosis: Two different organisms live together and interact, in this association one partner lives in or on another one’s body. It includes 3types: Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism. 1)Mutualism: A permanent association which is beneficial to both living organisms and they can not live dependently. 2)Commensalism: One organism gains benefit while the other is not affected. e.g. Symbiosis Entamoeba coli. 3)Parasitism: An association which is beneficial to one partner and harmful to the another. The former that is beneficial to is called parasite, the latter that is harmful is called host. Ent. histolytica. 3  Practical al Parasitology T- Halah M.AL Shoga`a Types of Parasite 1- According site of infection (Habitat): a) Ecto-parasites: b) Endo-parasites: These are parasites living on or These are parasites living within the affecting the skin surface of the body of the human (host), in viscera human (host), e.g. Lice (louse). or blood, e.g. P. falciparum. II) According to degree of pathogenicity in to: 1. Pathogenic: It causes definite pathological lesions in the host, e.g. Ent. histolytica. 2. Non-pathogenic (Commensal) : It drives food and protection from the host with out causing definite pathological lesions, e.g. Entamoeba. coli. 3. Opportunistic: don’t cause a disease in immunologically healthy individuals (immunocompetent), but they cause severe pathological lesions in immunodeficient or immunocompromised hosts, e.g. Pneumocystis carinii. 4 Practical al Parasitology T- Halah M.AL Shoga`a Types of host Host: An organism that harbors the parasite and usually larger than  the parasite. Classification of hosts Vector: Definitive (Final) host Reservoir host: Intermediate host Mechanisms of infection A parasitic infection may occur by various routes, depending on the nature of both parasite and host. 1- Infection by passive entry. By feeding and drinking : Cysts and eggs can be transported by  water or by insects such as the housefly. Examples are (Giardia , Entamoeba , Ascaris )  By direct contact such as sexual intercourse : Trichomonas  2- Active entry By biting (haematophagous) insects that serve as the active  vectors in the transmission of disease: Mosquitoes transmit malaria and filariasis.  Black flies transmit onchocerciasis or river blindness.  Tsetse flies transmit sleeping sickness in Africa.  Sandflies transmit leishmaniasis.   5 Practical al Parasitology T- Halah M.AL Shoga`a ·3- By highly specialized developmental forms: Schistosoma cercaria actively penetrate human skin.  Classification of parasitology 6