Cycc 122 PDF - Impact Factors of Abuse

Cycc 122 Jan 6 Impact factors of abuse ​ Victim's age ​ Duration ​ Nature of abuse ​ Identity of abuser ​ Victims perception and interpretation Commonly shared developmental consequences Remember that these are blanket statements, developed over years of study and researc...

Cycc 122 Jan 6 Impact factors of abuse ​ Victim's age ​ Duration ​ Nature of abuse ​ Identity of abuser ​ Victims perception and interpretation Commonly shared developmental consequences Remember that these are blanket statements, developed over years of study and research. Each individual who experiences abuse is going to develop their own consequences ​ Noncompliant, hostile, aggressive behaviors ​ Poor peer and social relationships ​ Insecure attachments ​ Low self-esteem ​ Impaired Moral Development ​ Overall sense of anxiety and emotional insecurity ​ High potential for delinquency, teen pregnancy, adult criminal activity, and psychiatric illness Risk factors ​ Single Parent Families ​ Absent Fathers ​ Poverty/ Lower Socio-Economic Status ​ Drug or Alcohol Dependency ​ Other addictions (Gambling, Pornography) ​ Poor Physical Health ​ History of Family Violence ​ Learning Difficulties/ Lower Cognitive Functioning ​ Parent Emotional Health ​ Isolation ​ Rigid and Punitive Parenting ​ Minority Group Status ​ History of Child Abuse and Neglect Cycc 122 Jan 13 ACES ​ Cycc 122 Cycc 122 Psychological abuse Observable factors of neglect Dirty Skin Offensive Body odor Unwashed, uncombed hair Tattered, under or oversized and unclean clothing Inappropriate clothing for the weather or situation Frequently left unsupervised or alone for periods of time Neglect indicators in infants and toddlers Listlessness Poor Responsiveness Does Not Smile, Cry, Laugh, Play or Relate to others Lacks Interest or Curiosity Rocks, Bangs Head, Sucks Hair, Thumb, or Finger Tears at Body Is Over Self- Stimulating, Self-Comforting Does not turn to parent for help or comfort Hospitalization for failure to thrive… and might regress upon return home Unduly over or underactive for no apparent reason Neglect in indicators in children and youth Cries easily when hurt slightly Comes to school without breakfast Has no lunch or lunch money Needs dental care, glasses Falls asleep in class Often seems in a fog or a dream world Comes to school early and does not want to leave to go home Sees self as a failure Troublesome at school Does no homework, refuses to try Destroys completed written work Destroys books, assignments, learning aids or toys Is cruel to classmates Breaks objects, destroys school property Frequently absent or late for school Neglect indicators with parents and families Promises but does not follow up on recommendations Fails to keep appointments Refuses help from school or other resources Abuses alcohol or other substances Cycc 122 Lifestyle of relative isolation from relatives/ friends History of abuse or neglect as a child Disorganized, chaotic homelife History of chronic illness Gives impression of resignation and feeling that nothing makes much difference anyway Failure to provide supervision of children (Which is the most common cause of child death) Neglect indicators of malnutrition Begging for or stealing food Frequently hungry Rummaging through garbage cans for food Gorging self, eating in large gulps Hoarding food Obesity Overeating junk foods Neglect indicators of poor health Drowsiness, easily fatigued Puffiness under the eyes Frequent untreated upper respiratory infections Itching, scratching, long existing skin eruptions Frequent diarrhea Bruises, lacerations, or cuts that are infected Untreated illnesses Physical complaints not responded to by the parents Emotional abuse Forms of emotional abuse Acts towards others: Abuse of pets Threats of self-harm Acts towards child (family): isolation gaslighting Behavioral indicators of emotional abuse Negative statements about self Shy, passive, compliant Cycc 122 Lags in physical, mental, and emotional development Self-destructive behavior Highly aggressive Cruel to others Overly demanding Observable indications of emotional abuse Child rocks, sucks, bites self Inappropriately aggressive Destructive to others Suffers from sleep, speech disorders Restricts play activities or experiences Demonstrates compulsions, obsessions, phobias, hysterical outbursts Family or parental indications of emotional abuse Blames or puts down child Is cold and rejecting Indifferent to child's problems or welfare Withholds affection Shows preferential treatment when there is more than one child in family Jan 20th Physical abuse Behavuoral indicators of pyshical abuse Avoids physical contact with others Apprehensive when other children cry Wears clothing to purposefully conceal injuries i.e.) long sleeves Refuses to undress for gym at school Gives inconsistent versions about occurrence of injuries, burns, etc. Seems frightened by parents Often late or absent from school Comes early to school and/ or reluctant to leave afterwards Has difficulty getting along with others Little respect for others Overly compliant, withdrawn, gives in readily and allows others to do things for them without protest Plays aggressively, often hurting peers Complains of pain upon movement or contact Has a history of running away from home Reports abuse by parents Family or parental indicators of physical abuse Cycc 122 Many personal and marital problems Economic Stress Parents were abused themselves Parents experienced excessive punishment and use similar tactics with their own children Highly moralistic History of substance or alcohol abuse Easily upset, low tolerance of frustration Antagonistic, suspicious, and fearful of others Social isolation See children as bad or evil Little or no interest in the child’s well-being Inappropriate response to a child’s pain Evasive and inconsistent explanations of the child’s injuries Blame the child for the injuries Constantly critical and unrealistic expectations of the child Take child to different medical facilities for each injury Physial indicators of physical abuse Bite Marks Unusual Bruises Lacerations Burns High Incidence of Accidents or Frequent Injuries Fractures in Unusual Places Injuries, Swelling to the Face and Extremities Discoloration of the Skin stats Family violence is under-reported Experts know that rates of all forms of family violence are underestimated. For example, in 2014, fewer than one in five (19%) who had been abused by their spouse reported abuse to police There are many reasons why people don't report family violence. One is because of the stigma associated with it. Young children may not report violence because they may have limited contacts outside the family in whom they can safely confide. Women are more likely to experience severe spousal violence compared to men ​ Women who experience spousal violence are: Cycc 122 Twice as likely to report being sexually assaulted, beaten, choked or threatened with a gun or a knife More likely to report higher rates of injury caused by abuse (40% of female victims compared to 24% of male victims) More likely to experience long term PTSD-like effects More likely to report being put down or called names 79% of police reported intimate partner violence is against women Women were victims of intimate partner homicide at a rate four times greater than men Indigenous women are more likely to experience spousal violence Nearly 60% of Indigenous women who reported spousal abuse also reported being physically injured as a result versus 41% E of non-Indigenous women Half of the Indigenous women experiencing violence reported the most severe forms of violence: being sexually assaulted, beaten, choked, or threatened with a gun or a knife 98.5% The vast majority of the individuals served in domestic violence shelters during the last fiscal year identify as women. About 1.1% identify as men. Approximately 0.4% identify as Gender-diverse. Domestic Abuse Growing in Alberta Increase of 12% - calls for help Increase of 19% - Number of individuals sheltered: 4,852 women and seniors, 3,561 children, 53 men, and 17 who identified as gender diverse were sheltered Growing Impacts on Children 48% more children were sheltered in 2022/23 then the previous year. Cycc 122 2, 995 children were unable to be sheltered due to lack of space Increasing Abuse Across All Forms: Almost all forms of abuse have increased over the past year. Reports of sexual abuse, spiritual abuse, stalking, electronic stalking, and the abuse of animals are all at 10-year highs. 2022–2023 also marks the second-highest number of reports of trafficking and of cultural abuse in the past decade. Domestic Abuse Disproportionately Affects IBPOC, Newcomer, and 2SLGBTQ+ Communities In 2022–2023, 61.5% of survivors who completed the MOSAIC reported experiencing moderate to high exposure to systemic oppression and marginalization (for example, people who identify as Indigenous, Black, or people of colour, members of the 2SLGBTQ+ community, and newcomers). Research consistently demonstrates that survivors who experience systemic oppression and marginalization also experience both disproportionate and disparate rates of domestic abuse. These survivors are more likelyto experience domestic abuse, and when they do, they are more likely to experience more severe abuse and more severe impacts because of the abuse. Infants Children Teenagers Adults Older Adults Injury Anxiety Attempted PTSD Depression & Suicide Loneliness Less control of Behavioural Obesity Diseases & pain Shorter life emotions problems Problems with Failure at school Anti-social Trouble with Dependence parent-child behaviour relationship bonding (conduct disorder) Delays in growth Problems with Other risky Lack of stable Financial & development friendships behaviours employment problems Cycc 122 Jan 27 What can we do Preventing and responding to family violence can help reduce its negative, long-term effects on health, social, and economic wellbeing. Three main ways to prevent family violence: Primary prevention Secondary prevention Tertiary prevention Stoping family violence before it starts It is possible to prevent family violence from happening in the first place by promoting and supporting: Evidence-based, validated risk assessment tools to assess and analyze a survivor's risks can assist in safety planning and identification of those at high risk. Risk assessment can also be used to help break the cycle of violence by identifying and providing appropriate supports to those at higher risk of committing family violence. safe, stable and nurturing relationships between children and their caregivers healthy relationships and conflict resolution strategies for youth gender equality for all positive (male) role models who say that violence against all people is wron Stopping family violence after it happens Resources that respond to survivors' immediate needs to help stop family violence from recurring include: justice system supports including police and court-based responses and victim services Domestic violence shelters child protection and apprehension Cycc 122 Responding to the long term impacts Some programs help to reduce the long-term impacts of family violence, while preventing it from happening again: Advocacy-based services, particularly those that help victims access multiple services in a coordinated way show promise in helping to prevent recurrence of violence and reduce social, legal and health impacts. certain forms of trauma-based counseling, such as cognitive behavioural therapy permanent civil protection orders can help to reduce future occurrences of violence Sexual abuse According to the Child, Youth, and Family Enhancement Act for Alberta: A child is sexually abused if the child is inappropriately exposed or subjected to sexual contact, activity or behavior including prostitution related activities. More simply, child sexual abuse is the exploitation of children to meet the sexual needs of adults. For true consent to occur, 2 conditions must prevail: a person must know what it is that he or she is consenting to, and a person must be free to say yes or no. By this definition, children cannot give informed consent to sex. This being said, youth can but we will cover the age of consent in a later class. Behavioral indicators of sexual abuse Sudden reluctance to go someplace or be with someone Inappropriate displays of affection Sexual acting out Sudden use of sexual terms or new names for body parts Uncomfortableness or rejection of typical family affection Sleep problems: insomnia, nightmares, refusal to sleep alone, or suddenly insisting on a night light Regressive behaviors including thumb sucking, bed wetting, infantile behaviors or other signs of dependency Extreme clinginess or Signs of fearfulness Sudden change in personality Problems in school Unwillingness to participate in or change clothing for gym class at school Bizarre or unusual sophistication about sexual behavior or knowledge Reports sexual assault Cycc 122 Physical indicators of sexual abuse Difficulty walking or sitting Torn Clothing Stained or Bloody Underwear Pain or itching in the genital area Venereal disease, especially in pre-teens Pregnancy Indicators of a sexually abusive guardian Overly protective or jealous of child and friends Abuses alcohol or other drugs Encourages exhibitionism in child Voyeuristic, seductive to child Exposes child to pornographic and sexually stimulating pictures Encourages the child in promiscuous and or/ prostitute acts Freely talks or boasts about sexual themes with child Charecteristics of sexual offenders Family History Abusive background Rigid, moralistic upbringings Stereotyped sex roles Experiences of failure Psychological Characteristics Low self esteem Guilt Isolation and Loneliness Low awareness of feelings Sexual preoccupation Role Fantasy Behaviors Poor sleeping habits Inappropriate relationship with the victim Rigid moralistic parenting style Abusive attitude towards power and control Alcohol and/ or substance abuse Unrealistic expectations of self and others Hostility or aloofness toward family of origin Cycc 122 Characteristics of non offending parents Psychological Characteristics Low Self- Esteem Guilt Isolation and Alienation from others Problems of Sexual Identity Behavioral Symptoms Physical Ailments Blaming Defence Mechanisms Denial Minimizing Repression/ Selective Memory Withdrawal Rationalization Fantasy Procrastination Resistance Reaction Formation Anger Parents/Adults NEED to talk to their children about sexual health and well-being! Why talking matters? Parents are the role models when it comes to sex, not movies, or the internet.(Canadian Association for Sexual Health -2006) When parents talk openly it leads to less risky behaviour among teens. ( American Journal of Pediatrics-2008) Talking to Children/Youth About Sexual Health & Well-Being Sexuality: a broad range of issues that include healthy regard for one’s body and respect for other’s control over theirs. Healthy sexuality is interwoven with human relationships. It’s not a one-time event – “the talk” Get comfortable with yourself & the facts Talk about values Create mutual respect Listen Don’t assume Cycc 122 Don’t lecture Convey sexuality as a healthy, natural part of humanity Door openers What do you think? That’s a good question. Tell me what you know about that. Do you know what that word means/ Let’s look that up online. Help me understand what you are feeling. I’m really glad you told me about that. Door slammers You’re too young That’s none of your business Where did you hear that? If you say that word again… I don’t care what your friends are doing That’s just for… (stereotype) We’ll talk about that when you need to know Messages worth repeating Your body belongs to you Everyone develops in their own way What you’re experiencing is normal I may not know the answer, but you can ask me anything I trust you’ll make the decision that’s right for you Your sexuality lasts a lifetime- value your experience and your relationships February 3rd Duty to report Child, Youth and Family Enhancement Act dictates: ▪ Any person who has reasonable and probable grounds to believe that a child is in need of intervention must report to the police or Children’s Services. ▪ The reported information is confidential and may not be disclosed under any other Act. ▪ No action may be taken against a person for reporting Cycc 122 information (unless it is done maliciously or without reasonable and probable grounds). ▪ Failure to report – Fine up to $2000 or jailed for up to 6 months. When a child or youth discloses: What you say and do will help the child or youth feel safe and supported. If they tell you they are being neglected, abused or sexually exploited, make sure you: stay calm and react without shock, disbelief, anger, judgement or fear let the child or youth tell you what happened in their own words without interruption listen carefully without asking questions reassure them that it is right to tell, and it is not their fault acknowledge how they are feeling (scared, angry, embarrassed, hurt, sad) help them feel comforted and supported by saying things like: I believe you and I will support you it is okay to have big feelings I will try to help you figure what happens next you are brave for talking about this and it is right to tell someone When a child or youth discloses: Soon after the child or youth tells you what is happening, find a private place. Write down what you heard and saw. Be sure to: use the same words the child used describe the way the child looked, how they behaved and other things you noticed keep your notes private and secure Reporting the concern: ▪ Call the Child Intervention Provincial Intake Line ▪ 24/7 ▪ Identify your region ▪ You will be placed on hold while they connect you to a Child Intervention Caseworker ▪ Information about yourself: ▪ How you know the child/family ▪ How long you have known them ▪ What you saw/heard/were told ▪ If the child/family is aware you are reporting ▪ If you are willing to assist the family moving forward Reporting the concern: ▪ Information about the child or youth: Cycc 122 ▪ Name, age, gender, address, phone # ▪ Concerns about immediate safety ▪ If the child is present ▪ Childcare center, school name and locations ▪ Child’s cultural identity ▪ Medical conditions, behavioural, or developmental concerns ▪ What the child told you about the abuse, when/where it occurred, how long it has been going on Reporting the concern: ▪ Information about the parents or guardians: ▪ Name, age, gender, address, phone # ▪ Where they work or go to school ▪ Information about family relationships and supports ▪ Information about cultural connections and supports ▪ Strengths ▪ Professionals or agencies supporting the family ▪ Barriers to communication ▪ If they are aware of the concern or are involved Sanare presentation onsent agenda 16, except if somebody's in a position of power over that person, if an individual, this is where it gets. Murphy, do you guys all know this? Some of you do, yeah, 14 or 15 year olds can consent to sexual activity as someone who is within five years their age less a day, which is, I know it's complicated, right? If somebody is 12 or 13, they can consent to sexual activity with someone within three years Sanare means to heal The third option And third option is, basically, they'll do a sexual assault kit and have three options. Option one is, they, can they? You want to report right now, right? You want to do a report. It'll set you up with a police officer and do the report. Second option is, you don't want a kit done at all, and you're not doing anything right third option, which is why we call it. Third option is you want to get done, but you're not sure yet what's going to happen. In that case, the kit itself goes to the police station for storage. But one part of it comes to sanare center. We contact the individual, and we say that these are your options, because we can connect you with counseling. Regardless of that, your third option kit will expire in a year, and you don't have an opportunity to report anymore, so we will call you a month before that happens, and go over the decisions you can make at that time. And so that's one of the referring options that they'll talk to people about. And then if they decide if it's been a year and they're no not doing anything, then we contact the police station. They don't have a name, they just have a file number. We get the name,