CSEET Business Communication Chapter 3 PDF

CSEET BUSINESS COMMUNICATION Chapter-3 COMPREHENSION OF PASSAGE AND ART OF SUMMARISING The basic meaning of the word Comprehension is to understand something. Your ability to understand any language also is called comprehension. SOME TIPS T...

CSEET BUSINESS COMMUNICATION Chapter-3 COMPREHENSION OF PASSAGE AND ART OF SUMMARISING The basic meaning of the word Comprehension is to understand something. Your ability to understand any language also is called comprehension. SOME TIPS TO READ AND SOLVE THE PASSAGES GIVEN IN THE EXAM  Read the passage given as fast as possible. The faster you read; you will get more tme to solve the questons  If there are any difcult or technical words then translate them into easy or your own language in your mind for beter understanding  Underline or highlight any points which you feel is important and helpful in getng the soluton  When in doubt, re-read the passage again to avoid any confusion  First read the passage, then go through the questons and then again go back to reading the passage and highlight the key words  If a word is not understandable then read the entre sentence to get the meaning of the word  Do not build your own assumptons. Stck to the theme and content of the passage and do not change it in your mind   Lastly, in your exam you will be given optons afer every queston so select the most appropriate answer as per your understanding of the passage 1. While reading the passage, you should get the overall idea about the topic by reading frst few lines. The topic could be anything like economics, social issues etc which becomes the CENTRAL IDEA of the entre passage 2. It is easier to answer direct questons. And what makes it easier? The detailed reading of the entre passage and giving atenton to the key words. Hence it is essental to FOCUS on key words/ fgures/ statstcs of the passage. 3. Sometmes the questons asked are open-ended questons like the queston will ask the opinion of the reader in such situaton the opinion can be given only when the reader has proper understanding of the entre topic. LOGICAL thinking is essental to make open-ended questons answerable 4. Understanding words which have positve or negatve implicatons is important to understand the author’s thought process while writng the passage. If the TONE of the passage is well understood then solving the questons become very much easier WHAT SKILLS ARE REQUIRED WHILE READING AND SOLVING THE COMPREHENSION  LOGICAL ABILITY INFERENCE POWER VOCABULARY MEMORY AND POWER ATTENTION ANALYTICAL READING SPEED ABILITY PARA JUMBLES, SENTENCE CORRECTION, SENETNCE ARRANGEMENT AND SENTENCE COMPLETION In Para Jumbles few sentences will be provided to the students which will not be in the correct sequence. Students have to read all the sentences provided and re-arrange them in order to make a meaningful sequence of the sentences that are given What is required to solve the para jumble questonss  Understanding the topic and the contents of the paragraph  Understanding the fow and sequence of the events mentoned in the sentences  Good reading skills Sentence correcton is an essental unit of this exercise. A sentence is a group of words which make complete sense. In order to spot any error in the sentence, the knowledge of grammar and vocabulary is necessary. In this secton, students will be given sentences and students are required to check whether any error is there in the sentences or not  Sentence Arrangements is an art to re-arrange the given sentences in a meaningful order. Under this topic, students are required to arrange the sentences in proper sequence to get the appropriate meaning from the given sentence Sentence Completon- under this, students will have to fll in the blanks with appropriate optons to complete the sentences by choosing the optons given We shall now see the passages: Read the passages carefully and atempt the questons given below each passage9 PASSAGE 1: Last winter, I happened to be in one of the remotest corners of India, in a place called Sankri, in Utarakhand. Sankri is close to Yamunotri, the origin of the river Yamuna. I was visitng Sankri on an invitaton from the United Natons Development Programme to meet and orient people from fve villages into alternatve employment opportunites since their traditonal occupaton ‘agro- pastoralism’ had been deeply afected by the region falling under the Govind Pashu Vihar, a protected high-alttude forest, now under the UNDP’s snow leopard conservaton programme. As we drove up the narrow, serpentne roads, we saw hydro-electric projects in what was no-man’s land untl a few years ago. I was completely shocked by the progress the place made, with the snow-capped ranges almost obscured by a number of hotels, cafes and guest houses that have come up in the last few years. The region, they informed me, had recently been discovered by adventure tourism companies as a trekking destnaton for popular winter treks such as Kedarkantha and Har-ki-Doon. I saw large groups of young people descending on Sankri when other regions like Ladakh and Himachal Pradesh would be efectvely closed due to the excessive snow. This is due to the fact that the Sankri trails themselves are largely free of snow, and therefore easier to climb, while the peaks ofer fantastc Himalayan panoramas and ample opportunity for the kind of adventure one might boast of on social media. These operators have scant regard for local cultural sensibilites or the environment and have set up large facilites in collusion with the powers that be in what is essentally a protected tribal area. The employment and revenues generated by brisk adventure tourism is going entrely to these companies and their experts brought in from the bigger cites. Thanks to this assault on their property and culture, the locals are lef picking up the crumbs as bearers and porters while others maximise profts. Another familiar tale of internal colonialism, some would say. Why I chose to describe it as internal colonialism is because post-independence, Utarakhand emerged as a state only in the year 2000, its progress hampered by the oppressive decision-making from faraway Lucknow by then. However, when the struggle seemed to be fnally over, another class of rulers took over the newly-formed state, even more colonial and insensitve than the earlier masters. Completely driven by their own commercial interests and lack of ideas, the gap between what the people want and what they deliver is much wider than the Yamuna gorges. A year on, news from Sankri is not very heartening. A road has been approved right up to Osla. The road, not even notfed as a forest road but a Prime Minister Gram Sadak Yojana project, will cut right through the protected zones and bring in hordes of selfe-obsessed thrill-seekers. The rich and the powerful from Delhi, meanwhile, have already gone ahead and secured land deals with the hapless villagers to set up their resorts. Q.1. Why was Sankri a beter choice for climbers than Himalayas and Ladakh? a. Sankri had beter employment opportunites b. Sankri had hydro-electric projects and had become progressive c. The region had ample number of hotels, cafes and guest houses d. Being free of snow it became very comfortable and adventurous Q.2. Why according to the passage was the author shocked on visitng Sankri? a. As Sankri had become a tourist atracton b. As the place had gone through the change c. As the region fell under the Govind Pashu Vihar programme d. As the author visited the place afer a long period of tme Q.3. What does the word brisk mean in the passage? a. Reckless b. Gloomy, inactve c. Lethargic d. Actve, energetc Soluton set: 1. D 2. B 3. D PASSAGE 2: Power foods are foods that provide rich levels of nutrients like fbre, potassium and minerals. With people becoming increasingly health conscious today, a lot of ftness trainers encourage their clients to include these foods in their daily diet to increase muscle development. There are various ways of incorporatng power foods in your daily diet. Of course, the key to enjoying power foods is proper preparaton of these foods, the use of season-fresh foods, and identfying your choice of favour among power foods. Some of the recommended power food combinatons are those that are prepared in our kitchens on a regular basis. Take for instance, the combinaton of chickpeas and onions. This combinaton is a powerful source of iron which is required by the body to transport oxygen to its various parts. Iron defciency can lead to anaemia, fatgue, brain fog and tredness. A study by the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry says that sulphur compounds in onion and garlic help in the absorpton of iron and zinc from chickpeas. The combinaton is a hit with teenagers who need to be diligent about getng iron in their diet. A quick way to prepare this power food is to make a chickpea salad with chopped onions, chaat masala and cilantro Another favourite combinaton with power food takers is yoghurt and bananas. This makes for a perfect snack afer a rough game of football. Exercising burns glucose and thus lowers blood sugar. Yoghurt is packed with proteins that help preserve muscle mass, and bananas are packed with carbohydrates that help in refuelling energy and preventng muscle soreness. A quick and easy recipe with bananas is a banana smoothie topped with cool yoghurt. Among beverages, green tea is the best source of catechins that are efectve in haltng oxidatve damage to cells. According to researchers at the Purdue University, adding a dash of lemon juice to green tea makes the catechins even more easily absorbable by the body. So, the next tme you have instead of are friends serve them rounds of iced green tea with mint and lemon juice. Q.1. What are power foods? Q.2. What are the rules regarding the partaking of power foods? Q.3. What is the advantage of including onions and garlic in our diet? Q.4. Suggest a quick recipe with chickpea and onions. Q.5. Why is yoghurt and bananas, an enriching power food? Q.6. Why is green tea a recommended power food? Q.7. What is the advantage of combining green tea with lemon juice? Q.8. What is the key to enjoying power foods in a wholesome way? Soluton set: 1. Power foods are foods which provide rich level of nutrients like fbre, potassium and minerals. 2. Power foods should be prepared properly using season-fresh foods and identfying one’s choice of favour among power foods. 3. Onion and garlic help in the absorpton of iron and zinc from the chickpeas. 4. A quick way to prepare chickpea and onions is to make a chickpea salad with chopped onions, chaat masala and cilantro. 5. Yoghurt is full of proteins that help preserve muscle mass and bananas are packed with carbohydrates that help in refuelling energy and preventng muscle soreness. 6. Green tea contains catechins which are efectve in haltng oxidatve damage to cells. 7. Combining green tea with lemon juice helps the body to absorb catechins more easily. 8. Power foods can be enjoyed in a wholesome way by including them in our daily diet to increase muscle development PASSAGE 3: The last major global outbreak of disease before the COVID-19 pandemic declared in 2020 was the infuenza pandemic (H1N1) of 2009. The H1N1 outbreak was the frst pandemic of the 21st century. The disease was initally detected in February 2009 in Mexico and subsequently spread to other parts of that country. By April it had reached the United States. As infected persons travelled from Mexico and the United States to other parts of the world, the outbreak expanded. In June 2009 the World Health Organizaton (WHO) declared the outbreak a pandemic. The total number of deaths from the H1N1 pandemic was between about 150,000 and 575,000, according to the U.S. Centres for Disease Control. While this was substantally lower than the total number of deaths from previous infuenza pandemicsQsuch as the 1968 outbreak of Hong Kong fu, which caused more than 750,000 deaths, and the infuenza pandemic of 1918–19, which claimed the lives of an estmated 25 million to 50 million peopleQthe rate at which H1N1 spread globally was unprecedented. Its rapid global disseminaton was atributed to the high rates of passenger travel that characterize the modern era. Knowing the incubaton period of an infectous disease or the tme from exposure to the causatve agent to when symptoms frst appear can provide important informaton during an outbreak, including when infected individuals will be symptomatc and most likely to spread the disease. Because tme to symptom onset refects pathogen growth, replicaton rate, and toxin excreton, the incubaton period provides clues about the cause and source of a disease when these factors are unknown. The incubaton period for a given disease also ofers insight into prognosis, including severity of the disease and how long an individual’s illness might be expected to last. Potental treatment strategies may also be inferred from the incubaton period. In the COVID-19 pandemic, the incubaton period for the infectous corona virus is between roughly 2 and 14 days. This has important implicatons for disease surveillance and for preventve measures, such as self- quarantne, which should last at least 14 days for persons who may have been exposed to the virus Q.1. Why according to the passage the frst pandemic of 21st century multplied? a. As the WHO declared the outbreak as pandemic b. As the people of Mexico spread to the whole world c. As for a huge span of tme nobody was aware about it d. As the people who were contagious travelled and expanded it all over Q.2. How according to the author the incubaton period provides informaton about the disease? a. By giving the date regarding how much loss the virus will make b. By providing exact tme period, during which the virus would grow, multply and the infected person will be infuenced c. By providing the data involving how many people are going to be afected by the virus d. None of the above Q.3. Why according to the passage the fact that incubaton period for corona is 2 to 14 days important? a. Because it has presented the clear picture of Medicare of our country b. Because it has presented a clear picture of the economic imbalance and its efects c. Because it has led to conclusions regarding preventon of disease d. Because it has given signs of more upcoming pandemics in the future Q.4. What does the word ‘prognosis’ as used in the passage mean? a. Presumpton b. Medical forecast c. Repercussions d. An afer-efect Soluton Set: 1. D 2. B 3. C 4. B PASSAGE 4: It was evening in the picturesque seaside town of Rameshwaram, on the southern edge of Tamil Nadu. A cool breeze was gently blowing in from the sea. Along with the sound of waves lapping against the shore could be heard the sweet sound of birds circling overhead. Among the children playing on the beach was a boy with wavy hair and dreamy eyes. This youngster was Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam who later became the eleventh President of India. While spending tme with his friends, Abdul was atracted by the sound of the birds fying above. He carefully observed that a fedgling perched on a boat was trying to take of. It spread its wings, futered briefy and sprang up. The air seemed to give the needed thrust for its take off The bird soared up into the sky. It steered its pace and course with great ease. How Abdul wished he could fy like those beautes in the airf This passion for fying, aroused by the beautful birds, later inspired Abdul Kalam to design India’s frst rocket which successfully sent a satellite Rohini, into orbit on 18th July 1980. It was called the SLV-3 (Satellite Launch Vehicle). At the tme when Abdul was growing up, no one had even dreamt of such a happening. Rameshwaram, where Abdul was born on 15th October 1931, was a small town with narrow streets lined with old houses made of limestone and brick. The town was famous for its Shiva Temple. Abdul stayed in the house with his father, mother, brothers and sister and led a secure and happy childhood. Abdul’s father, Jainulabdeen was a pious man. He led an austere life without depriving his family of the basic comforts. In this closely knit family, dinner was always a special meal. During dinner they exchanged views on a variety of topics ranging from family maters to spiritual subjects. The main income for Abdul’s family came from ferrying pilgrims across the sea between Rameshwaram and Dhanushkodi. Pilgrims visitng Rameshwaram made it a point to visit Dhanushkodi, twenty kilometres away in the sea. Dhanushkodi has religious signifcance. Ferrying pilgrims fetched good money and the family lived comfortably. However, a devastatng cyclone lashed the shores of Rameshwaram and their boat was destroyed. The family lost their only source of livelihood in one swif, tragic stroke. The enterprising young Abdul wanted to help the family through the crisis. He realized that there was demand for tamarind seeds. He decided he would collect them and sell them to a shop near his house. His family wanted him to concentrate on his studies. He said he would study as well as help his family. Reluctantly, everyone agreed. Even while studying or enjoying the evenings with his friends on the beach, he set aside some tme to collect tamarind seeds and sell them to a nearby shop. For this he was paid a princely sum of one annaf Besides selling tamarind seeds, he helped his cousin Samsuddin to sell the popular Tamil newspaper Dinamani to earn a litle more money. At dawn, several bundles of the newspaper, printed in Madras (now Chennai), were thrown on to the platorm of Rameshwaram railway staton from passing trains. Trains did not stop at Rameshwaram statqn during those days of the Second World War as almost all of them were commandeered to transport troops. Abdul, afer picking up the bundles marked for his area, rushed and handed them over to Samsuddin, who gave Abdul a small amount for the service he had rendered. There was a great demand for Dinamani because people wanted to know about India’s freedom struggle and the latest developments in the war. This is how Abdul earned his frst wages. However, it was the joy of being able to care for his family that Abdul cherished most. Even decades later, he recalls earning his own money for the frst tme, with immense pleasure and a sense of pride. Q.1. Who does this passage tell us about? Q.2. What inspired Abdul to design a rocket? Q.3. What was SLV-3? Q.4. Where did Abdul spend his childhood? Q.5. Why was dinner a special meal in the Kalam’s family? Q.6. What did Abdul cherish most about the memory of his frst earning? Soluton Set: 1. This passage tells us about Abdul Kalam Azad who later became the eleventh President of India. 2. The fight of a fedgling inspired Abdul to design a rocket. 3. SLV-3 or satellite launch vehicle was India’s frst rocket which successfully sent a satellite Rohini into orbit on 18th July 1980. 4. Abdul spent his childhood in a small town with narrow streets lined with old houses made of limestone and brick. 5. Dinner was a special meal in Kalam’s family because they all sat together and exchanged views on a variety of topics ranging from family maters to spiritual subjects. 6. It was the joy of being able to care for his family that Abdul Kalam cherished the most PASSAGE 5: The spread of educaton in society is at the foundaton of success in countries that are latecomers to development. In the quest for development, primary educaton is absolutely essental because it creates the base. But higher educaton is just as important, for it provides the cutng edge. And universites are the life-blood of higher educaton. Islands of excellence in professional educaton, such as Indian Insttutes of Technology (IITs) and Indian Insttutes of Management (IIMs), are valuable complements but cannot be substtutes for universites which provide educatonal opportunites for people at large. There can be no doubt that higher educaton has made a signifcant contributon to economic development, social progress and politcal democracy in independent India. It is a source of dynamism for the economy. It has created social opportunites for people. It has fostered the vibrant democracy in our polity. It has provided a beginning for the creaton of a knowledge society. But it would be a mistake to focus on its strengths alone. It has weaknesses that are a cause for serious concern. There is, in fact, a quiet crisis in higher educaton in India that runs deep. It is not yet discernible simply because there are pockets of excellence, an enormous reservoir of talented young people and an intense competton in the admissions process. And, in some important spheres, we contnue to reap and benefts of what was sown in higher educaton 50 years ago by the founding fathers of the Republic. The reality is that we have miles to go. The proporton of our populaton, in the age group 18-24, that enters the world of higher educaton is around 7 per cent, which is only one-half the average for Asia. The opportunites for higher educaton, in terms of the number of places in universites, are simply not enough in relaton to our needs. What is more, the quality of higher educaton in most of our universites requires substantal improvement. It is clear that the system of higher educaton in India faces serious challenges. It needs a systematc overhaul, so that we can educate much larger numbers without dilutng academic standards. This is imperatve because the transformaton of economy and society in the 21st century would depend, in signifcant part, on the spread and the quality of educaton among our people, partcularly in the sphere of higher educaton. It is only an inclusive society that can provide the foundatons for a knowledge society. The challenges that confront higher educaton in India are clear. It needs a massive expansion of opportunites for higher educaton, to 1500 universites natonwide, that would enable India to atain a gross enrolment rato of at least 15 per cent by 2015. It is just as important to raise the average quality of higher educaton in every sphere. At the same tme, it is essental to create insttutons that are exemplars of excellence at par with the best in the world. In the pursuit of these objectves, providing people with access to higher educaton in a socially inclusive manner is imperatve. The realizaton of these objectves, combined with access, would not only develop the skills and capabilites we need for the economy but would also help transform India into a knowledge economy and society. Q.1. The principal focus of the passage is? a. Primary educaton b. Intermediate educaton c. Higher educaton d. Entre educaton system Q.2. What kind of society can provide the foundaton for a knowledge society? a. Elite society b. Contracted society c. Exclusive society d. Inclusive society Q.3. According to the passage, which one of the following is INCORRECT? (1) a. There is no quality insttutes providing excellent professional educaton in India b. Not many people go for higher studies in India c. Educaton is the basis of success d. All the optons are correct Q.4. According to the passage, the current state of afairs of higher educaton in India is: a. Satsfactory b. Excellent, and there is no need of any expansion of opportunites for higher educaton c. Not good enough, and there is need of expansion of opportunites for higher educaton, besides creatng insttutons and universites that are models of excellence d. Not explained in the passage Soluton Set: 1 2 3 4  c d a c PASSAGE 6: India loses grain crop worth crores of rupees every year because of pests. In fact, the increased food producton made possible by modern technology and agricultural research would become more evident if farmer is able to efectvely combat the various pests and insects that destroy crops. While some of the crops are destroyed afer harvestng, a large quantty of grains is destroyed in the felds. True that Indian farmer today is beter able to combat these destroyers of grains, for he made available to him beter storing facilites for harvested crops, and modern chemical aids like insectcides with which he may spray the growing crops in his felds. But one has to remember that not all insects are harmful. The common earthworms, for instance, is a friend of man, because it works like a dustman by breaking up the dead leaves and wood from plants and mixes them with the soil, thus making the soil richer. Therefore, when a farmer sprays his feld with chemicals that kills insects, he destroys his friends with his enemies. Q.1. A large part of the increased food producton is lost because of: (a) The lack of irrigaton facilites (b) The inadequate rainfall in the country (c) The destructon caused by the harmful insects (d) Bad eatng habits of the people Q.2. The functon of the insectcide is: (a) To protect the growing crop (b) To nourish the growing crop (c) To harvest the growing crop (d) To store the harvested crop Q.3. When the farmer sprays his feld with chemical that kills insects: (a) He spoils his growing crop (b) He kills good as well as bad insects (c) He fertlizers the soil (d) He decreases his food producton Q.4. The common earthworm: (a) Is the greatest destroyer of crops (b) Reduces the grain to dust (c) Breaks up the leaves on the crop (d) Makes the soil more rich Q.59 Afer harvestng what the farmer needs is: (a) A good supply of seeds (b) Ability to combat the weather (c) A safe place for storage (d) A lot of chemical fertlizers Soluton Set 1 2 3 4 5 c a b d c PASSAGE 7: We celebrated ‘World Environment Day’ (June 5) with a critcal theme: beat plastc polluton. Since India was the global host of this year’s event, and also one of the victms of plastc polluton, we should view this danger seriously. The theme urges governments, industries, communites and individuals to come together and explore sustainable alternatves. It also urges this target group to reduce the producton and excessive use of single-use plastcs, which are pollutng our environment and threatening human health. Plastcs are organic polymers of high molecular mass and ofen contain other substances. They are usually synthetc, mainly derived from petrochemicals. Due to their low cost, ease of manufacture, versatlity, non-corrosiveness and imperviousness to water, plastcs are used for multple purposes at diferent scales. Plastc was invented in New York in 1907 by Leo Baekeland. Further, many chemists, including Nobel laureate Hermann Staudinger and Herman Mark, have contributed to the materials science of plastcs. However, these scientsts could not have antcipated such an exponental growth of plastc producton. Plastc has become an indispensable material in modern society. In India, which accounts for almost 18% of the world populaton in 2.4% of the global land area, the accumulaton of plastc waste is huge. An estmate in 2015 revealed that 60 cites across the country generated over 15,000 tonnes of plastc waste every day. Even if plastc is a convenient alternatve, it is a difcult substance for nature to digest. Each year, 13 million tonnes of plastc end up in the oceans. A study revealed that 20 rivers (mostly from Asia) carry two-thirds of plastc waste to the ocean; the Ganga’s contributon to this is one of the highest. Researchers exploring the Arctc have found very high levels of microplastcs trapped in the ice. Last year, a plastc spoon was found in the remains of a whale shark of Rameswaram. Experts explained that whale sharks are flter feeders and like to swallow everything foatng in the sea. The economic impact of plastc polluton on marine ecosystems through fsheries and tourism losses and beach cleaning-up costs is estmated to be around $13 billion per year. Plastc disposed of on land degrades slowly and its chemicals leach into the surroundings. Drinking water samples analysed from 14 countries, including India, revealed that 83% have micro-plastcs concentratons. According to a United Natons Environment Programme report, the overall annual natural capital cost of plastc use in the consumer goods sector is $75 billion. We should act as responsible citzens with a determinaton towards maintaining cleaner surroundings. Every shopkeeper should go in for and encourage the use of biodegradable packing materials while shoppers should use cloth bags. Mass public awareness on the dangers of plastc hazards is a prerequisite. Eco-friendly substtutes (cloth/paper/jute bags, leaves/areca leaf plates, paper straws) should be developed. For this, scientfc and fnancial support (sof loans and subsidies) is required. Charges for plastc bag use and deposit-refund for plastc botles may be efectve optons. The Swachh Bharat Mission should emerge as a platorm for plastc waste management. Q.1. Which of the following is/are true as per the passage? I. Plastc polluton has even reached the Arctc. II. Plastc polluton has a huge impact on the environment but not so much in economic terms. III. The river Ganga carries contributes a lot to the plastc waste in the oceans. a. Only I b. Only III c. Only II and III d. Only I and III Q.2. Which of the following is/are true about plastcs? I. They are organic polymers of high molecular mass. II. They are mostly derived from fossil fuels. III. It was used for the frst tme in Germany and used on a mass scale in New York. a. Only I b. Only III c. Only I and II d. Only II and III Q.3. Which of the following statement strengthens the claim that ‘Plastc has become an indispensable material in modern society’? I. Worldwide, one million plastc bags and one million plastc botles are used every minute. II. About 50% of our plastc use is single use (disposable) and it consttutes 10% of the total waste generated. III. Almost 9 billion tons of plastc waste was generated in the year 2017 alone. a. Only I b. Only I and III c. Only I and II d. Only III Q.4. What can be some possible steps to tackle the menace of plastc polluton? I. Plastc producton should be restricted and recycling should be encouraged. II. We should aim for behavioral changes with household-wise waste segregaton being an example. III. We should eliminate plastc from our daily lives. a. Only II b. Only I and II c. Only II and III d. D. Only I and III Q.5. As per the passage, what are some ways in which we can act as responsible citzens? I. Use of cloth/jute/paper bags. II. Reduce single-use plastc usage. III. Organize community-based drives on recovering plastc waste in the community. a. Only II b. Only II and III c. Only I and II d. Only II and III Soluton Set: 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C PARAJUMBLES Choose the most logical order of sentences from among the given choice to construct a coherent paragraph9 a. People who start up their own business typically come from two extreme backgrounds: One is the business family background and the other is a steady professional family background. b. Typically, people from diferent background face diferent kinds of basic problems. c. The people from both the backgrounds fnd it very difcult to establish and manage an enterprise. d. Startng up and managing a small business is no joke. A. d, b, c, a B. b, a, c, d C. d, a, c, b D. c, d, a, b a. Venture capital is recommended as the ideal source of fnancing for a successfully small business. b. Several companies including start-ups have been funded by dedicated venture funds during this decade. c. Despite this, an average Indian entrepreneur understands and appreciaton of venture capital concept has been woefully inadequate. d. In the Indian context, though venture capital has been a relatvely late entrant, it has already made a reasonable impact. A. a, b, c, d B. a, d, b, c C. a, c, d, b D. a, d, c, b a. If we are to imitate them, let us imitate their virtues and not their defects, even though the task in this case may be infnitely more difcult. b. The reason why French plays and French novels are generally superior to American is not because they are indecent; and we shall never raise our standard merely by copying foreign immorality. c. They excel us in literary style. d. The superiority of the French is an intellectual and artstc superiority. A. d, b, c, a B. d, c, b, a C. b, d, c, a D. b, c, a, d a. A famous Japanese rock garden is at Ryoan-Ji in Northwest Kyoto, Japan. b. The rocks of various sizes are arranged on small white pebbles in fve groups, each comprising fve, two, three, two, & three rocks. c. The garden is 30 meters long from East to West & 10 meters from north to south. d. The garden contains 15 rocks arranged on the surface of white pebbles in such a manner that visitors can see only 14 of them at once from whichever angle the garden is viewed. e. There are no trees, just 15 irregularly shaped rocks of varying sizes, some arranged by gravel/sand that is raked every day9 A. a, c, e, b, d B. c, a, e, b, d C. d, a, e, b, c D. b, a, d, e, c a. When they gathered together, the Buddha was completely silent & some speculated that perhaps the Buddha was tred or ill. b. It is said that Gautam Buddha gathered his disciples one day for a Dharma talk. c. One of the Buddha’s disciples, Mahakasyapa, silently gazed at the fower & broke into a broad smile. d. The origin of Zen Buddhism is ascribed to the Flower Sermon, the earliest source which comes from the 14th century. e. The Buddha silently held up & twirled a fower and twinkled his eyes, several of his disciples tried to interpret what this meant though none of them was correct. A. e, b, d, a, c B. d, b, a, e, c C. b, c, d, e, a  D. c, a, d, b, e a. People started fearing a famine. b. Monsoon turned out to be unusually abundant and the danger was averted. c. The monsoon failed and water tanks became almost empty. d. So, no grain could be sown by the farmers in their felds. e. Farmers looked anxiously for the next monsoon. A. c, a, d, b, e B. c, d, a, e, b C. a, e, d, c, b D. d, a, b, c, e a. Economists all over the world have expressed anxiety in this regard. b. As a result, Indian people have been subjected to high cost of living and infaton. c. Indian economy has not shown desirable growth in the recent years. d. Grim global economic scenario has also contributed to this problem and it seems a quick fx soluton is yet far away. e. But, one of the primary reasons for such a situaton has been Indian government's inability to take tough decisions. A. c, d, a, e, b B. a, c, d, b, e C. d, e, a, b, c D. e, a, d, c, b Soluton Set: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. c b c a b b a Identfy the grammatcally incorrect sentences from the following a. Dark web transactons were initally carried out using legally state-issued currencies. b. The inital dark web transactons were carried out by legal state-issues currencies. c. The legal state-issued currencies were used to initally carry in the transactons between the dark webs. d. Legal state-issued currencies were initally used to carrying out dark web transactons. e. All are incorrect A. a B. b C. c D. d E. All are incorrect F. No error a. Quite contrary to the traditonal belief that equity b. and bonds move in opposite directon, the sell-of in c. bonds points to market nervousness around the scaling back of d. monetary policy and it may prove to be risky in the economy. A. a B. b C. c D. d E. No error a. The increasing demand for organic vegetables, especially b. between urban residents has convinced the c. state government to formulate d. the organic farming policy A. a B. b C. c D. d a. Simran was also invited b. to the get –together hosted by her friends c. at a hotel yesterday d. on account of one of them getng marriage. A. a B. b C. c D. d E. No error a. It is a sign of either its inability b. nor unwillingness to tackle the c. deadly outbreak of chikungunya that d. the government is trying to politcize the whole issue A. a B. b C. c D. d E. No error a. We had extensively discussions b. with the partcipants and c. obtained their feedback d. regarding our new services. A. a B. b C. c D. d E. All are incorrect a. While the character traits of partcular individuals do b. afect their susceptbility to diferent fallacies and mental errors, c. this broad demograph range suggest a d. dramatc approximaton of a large and representatve e. sample of the populaton. A. a B. b C. c D. d E. e a. Parents and teachers have complained that children are becoming addicted b. to the multplayer online batle game, c. which, according to the company, has more than 200 millions users, d. mostly in China, and is the top-grossing mobile game in the world. A. a B. b C. c D. d E. All are incorrect a. All those persons whose wish to b. avail themselves of the ofer can contact c. the branch manager. A. a B. b C. c D. no error a. There is an urgent need to discover b. new sources of energy as our existng c. sources of energy may die out soon. A. a B. b C. c D. No error Soluton Set: 1. All are incorrect because: A. a (legally state-issued currency) (adjectve right, adverb wrong) B. b (state-issues) C. c (carry-in) D. d (to carrying out) 2. d. (for) 3. b. (among) 4. d. (married) 5. b. (or) 6. a. (extensive) 7. c. (demographic) 8. c. (million) 9. a (who) 10. No error Select the most appropriate opton from the following: Q.1. Afer the bank robbery, the police _______________ the robbers. a. went afer b. went through c. looked afer d. ran through Q.2. Vets are worried about the _______________ trade of the wild animals. a. Hereditary b. Illicit c. Inconvenient d. Violent Q.3. The emergency services _________ the accident site as soon as the news of the train collision was _______ to them. a. suspended, emited b. carried, postponed c. fnished, pronounced d. reached, received Q.4. Small leather tanning units around Chennai and hosiery units around Tiruppur can _________ from having a ________ efuent treatment plant. a. gain, proftable b. advance, modern c. beneft, common d. progress, dynamic Q.5. The criminal together with his associates __________ arrested. a. was b. were c. is d. have Q.6. I did not come_____ you did not call me a. hence b. because c. since d. before Q.7. Please write ___ I dictate a. when b. tll c. as d. before Q.8. Make haste, ____ you will be late a. but b. and c. because d. or Q.9. What are you doing ___ the afernoon? a. since b. in c. on d. by Q.10. I will have fnished the essay __ weekend a. by b. along c. at d. in Q.11. A policeman ______ I know helped me in this mater. a. who b. whom c. which d. to which Q.12. When I was about to invite Reena to the conversaton, suddenly the call was ________. a. hold of b. broke of c. broke down d. hung up Q.13. It was not untl he reached the staton ________ realized he had forgoten to carry his tcket. a. he b. when he c. that he d. and he Q.14. The farmer had _______ land and many servants. a. litle b. a lot of c. a few d. many Q.15. Rehan was so drowsy __________ he could not come with us. a. than b. so c. as d. that Soluton Set: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. a b d c a b c d b a 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. b d c b d THANK YOU, ALL SO, MUCH ALL THE VERY BEST -PROF9 CS NIDHISHRI RAWAL