Fiction Elements Review PDF

# What is Fiction? Fiction generally includes works which are purely products of the writer's imagination. It pertains to any account involving people and events that are perceived to be unreal for they are just invented by a writer's creative mind. # Setting This element includes the place and t...

# What is Fiction? Fiction generally includes works which are purely products of the writer's imagination. It pertains to any account involving people and events that are perceived to be unreal for they are just invented by a writer's creative mind. # Setting This element includes the place and the time of the actions that transpire in a story. - When does the story take place? - Where does the story take place? - How does the writer describe the time? - How does the writer describe the place? - What could you see, hear, smell, or feel as you read the story? # Character/s - Focus - Characterization - Character Development ## Focus ### Protagonist Principal or lead character; commonly referred to as the "hero" ### Antagonist Known as the villian; the role is mainly to oppose or to challenge the main character; it can also be in other forms like death, defeat, illness etc. ## Character Development The change in a characters, behavior, attitude or personality as the story goes. ### Static Stagnant; No Character Change. ### Dynamic Changing; Significant Character Change. ## Characterization Descriptions: Wholes of a character ### Round Complete; A character has a variety of behaviors or attitudes. ### Flat Incomplete; A character shows one side of personality. # Point of View It refers to the vantage point as to how the story unfolds. Thus, it mainly relates as to the way how the story is told or narrated. - First Person POV - Story is told by the character. - Uses pronouns like "I, me, my, myself". - Second Person POV - This POV is rarely used. - As if the reader experiences the story. ## Third Person Perspective The third-person perspective is categorized according to the knowledge available to the narrator: ### Third-Person Omniscient The narrator has knowledge of all times, people, places and events, including all characters' thoughts. ### Third Person Limited The narrator may know absolutely everything about a single character and every piece of knowledge in that character's mind, but the narrator's knowledge is "limited” to that character. # Plot This refers to the flow and sequence of events in a story. - Exposition - Inciting Incident - Rising Action - Climax - Falling Action - Resolution - Freytag's Pyramid ## Exposition It is the background information on the characters and setting explained at the beginning of the story. The exposition will often have information about events that happened before the story began. The exposition is often the very first part of the plot. ## Rising Action The rising action of a story is the section of the plot leading up to the climax, in which the tension stemming from the story's central conflict grows through successive plot developments. ## Climax Climax is the highest point of tension or drama in a narratives' plot. Often, climax is also when the main problem of the story is faced and solved by the main character or protagonist. ## Conflict This is the element of fiction which refers to the opposition of forces that may set forth the problems, issues, and challenges of various forms and sources that the main character needs to face and to deal with. Examples of this are man vs. himself, man vs. man, man vs. society, man vs. culture, and man vs. nature. - Man vs. man - Rivalry between two characters - Man vs. himself. - Also known as internal conflict, occurs when a character struggles with their own emotions, desires, beliefs, or doubts. - Man vs. society - Conflict occurs when a character stands in opposition to societal norms, laws or cultural expectations. - Man vs. nature - Is a classic conflict in literature, philosophy and environmental ethics that centers on humanity's relationship with the natural world. ## Falling Action The consequences of characters actions and choices beginning to show. ## Resolution The resolution is the final literary stage in a story's plot structure. # Moral Is the lesson from the story. # Irony The difference between what is said and what is shown, reality and appearance, expectation and result, or meaning and intention. It has some types like verbal irony, situational irony and dramatic irony. # Symbols An object is used to represent ideas aside from its literal meaning. For example, a crown represents power and authority, the apple for disobedience, temptation, and sin. # Theme This is the significant truth about life which a story attempts to communicate to its readers. In addition, this is mainly the idea, realization, reflections, or simply, the lesson that readers may extract from the work. # What is Drama? Drama comes from the Greek Word, “Dran" which means "To do" or "To Act". Doing/Acting makes drama. It is the presentation of actions on a stage through actors/actress before an audience. Like a short story or novel, it has a setting, characters, plot, and even symbolism. # Types of Drama 1. **Tragedy** - is a form of drama in which events lead to the downfall of the main character, often a person of great significance, like a king or hero. Example: Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare. 2. **Comedy** -This is known to be a broad genre of film, television and literature. Its ultimate goal is simple, to make the audience laugh. 3. **Farce** - This type of drama features exaggerated or absurd forms of comedy. It is a nonsensical genre of drama in which the characters intentionally overact and get themselves into a slapstick or physical humor. 4. **Melodrama** - Is a type of story of play that is very emotional and dramatic. It often has exaggerated characters and situations, like a very good hero, a very bad villain, and a lots of big intense feelings. The story usually focuses on conflicts between good and evil, with a happy or satisfying ending. It's meant to make the audience feel strong emotions like sadness, joy or excitement. 5. **Opera** - This type combines theater, dialogue, music and dance to tell grand stories of tragedy or comedy; hence, it is known as a versatile genre of drama. This genre requires their performers to be both actors and singers since they will be expressing their emotions and intentions through song instead of a dialogue. # Elements of Drama ## Categories 1. **Literary Elements** (basically the elements of fiction) - Aristotle's Six Elements: - **Plot**- refers to the action; the basic storyline of the play. - **Theme** -refers to the message that is intended to be expressed through the story. In other words, it is the main idea or the lesson to be learned from the play. - **Dialogue**- refers to words written by the playwright and spoken by the characters in the play. ## Types of Dialogue - **Common Dialogue**-two or more dialogues talk in a scene, simply a conversation. - **Monologue**- “mono” meaning one and "louge" meaning speak. - **Soliloquy**- the lines or character delivers while he or she is alone on stage. - **Aside**- the lines a character delivers that the other characters seem not to hear and only the audience hears. 2. **Technical Elements** - **Scenery (Set)**- arrangement of the stage based on the setting of the story (backdrops, platform, curtains). - **Costumes**- clothes/accessories - **Props (properties)-** any movable objects the actors use on stage (table, chairs) - **Sounds**- improve the impact of the scenes - **Lights**- intensify the environment and impact of the play - **Make up**