Blood Glucose Measurement PDF

Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor Blood Glucose Measurement Clinical biochemistry 5th stage Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor  Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor Blood Glucose Tests Blood glucose estimation is a common test done in all laboratories because...

Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor Blood Glucose Measurement Clinical biochemistry 5th stage Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor  Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor Blood Glucose Tests Blood glucose estimation is a common test done in all laboratories because it helps in diagnosis, management of diabetes mellitus and is a common prerequisite for any surgery. It is used to diagnose hyperglycemic conditions like diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemic situations. The time of day effect on blood glucose level. The fasting blood glucose is 3.6-6.1 mmol/L (65-110 mg/dl) ‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎرات ﺳﻜﺮ اﻟﺪم‬ ‫ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺎ ﻳﺘﻢ إﺟﺮاؤه ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ً ‫ ﻳﻌﺪ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ ﺳﻜﺮ اﻟﺪم اﺧﺘﺒﺎ ًرا‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮات ﻷﻧﻪ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ وإدارة ﻣﺮض اﻟﺴﻜﺮي وﻫﻮ ﺷﺮط‬.‫أﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺷﺎﺋﻊ ﻷي ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺟﺮاﺣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﺘﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺣﺎﻻت ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺳﻜﺮ اﻟﺪم ﻣﺜﻞ ﻣﺮض اﻟﺴﻜﺮي‬.‫وﺣﺎﻻت ﻧﻘﺺ ﺳﻜﺮ اﻟﺪم‬.‫ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ وﻗﺖ اﻟﻴﻮم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى ﺳﻜﺮ اﻟﺪم‬ / ‫ ﻣﺠﻢ‬110-65) ‫ ﻟﺘﺮ‬/ ‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻤﻮل‬6.1-3.6 ‫ ﺳﻜﺮ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺼﺎﺋﻢ ﻫﻮ‬ (‫دﻳﺴﻴﻠﺘﺮ‬  Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor Fasting whole blood glucose concentration is approximately 10 to 12% lower than plasma or serum glucose!!! Random blood glucose : In young or adult even after meals, the blood glucose rarely exceed 150 mg/dl.Diabetes is diagnosed at blood glucose of greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl The precautions require when collect blood sample: a) Blood static should be avoided b) Blood should not be taken when or while I.V solution are being administered c) Chemically clean and dry syringes should be used d) Blood kept in proper container %12 ‫ إﻟﻰ‬10 ‫ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ اﻟﺠﻠﻮﻛﻮز ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪم اﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺼﻴﺎم أﻗﻞ ﺑﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ ﻧﺎد ًرا‬:‫ﻣﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺰ اﻟﺠﻠﻮﻛﻮز ﻓﻲ اﻟﺒﻼزﻣﺎ أو اﻟﻤﺼﻞ!!! ﺟﻠﻮﻛﻮز اﻟﺪم اﻟﻌﺸﻮاﺋﻲ‬ 150 ‫ﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﺠﺎوز ﺟﻠﻮﻛﻮز اﻟﺪم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺒﺎب أو اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﻴﻦ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻮﺟﺒﺎت‬ ‫ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻣﺮض اﻟﺴﻜﺮي ﻋﻨﺪ ﺟﻠﻮﻛﻮز ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪم أﻛﺒﺮ‬.‫دﻳﺴﻴﻠﺘﺮ‬/‫ﻣﺠﻢ‬ ‫دﻳﺴﻴﻠﺘﺮ‬/‫ ﻣﺠﻢ‬200 ‫ﻣﻦ أو ﻳﺴﺎوي‬ :‫ اﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ اﻟﺪم‬ ‫أ( ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺠﻨﺐ ﺛﺒﺎت اﻟﺪم‬ ‫ب( ﻻ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ أﺧﺬ اﻟﺪم أﺛﻨﺎء أو أﺛﻨﺎء إﻋﻄﺎء ﻣﺤﻠﻮل ورﻳﺪي‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺎ د( ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﺪم ﻓﻲ‬ ً ‫ج( ﻳﺠﺐ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﺣﻘﻦ ﻧﻈﻴﻔﺔ وﺟﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺎوﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬  Made with Xodo PDF Reader and Editor Abnormal glucose metabolism may be caused by 1. Inability of pancreatic islet B-cells to produce insulin. 2. Reduced numbers of insulin receptors. 3. Defect of glucose absorption 4. Inability of the liver to metabolize glycogen 5. Altered level of hormones that play a role in glucose metabolism. ❖ Hyperglycemia is occur when the fasting blood sugar levels 7 mmol/L (>125mg/dl) which are usually diagnostic for diabetes mellitus. ❖ Glucose Renal Threshold When the blood glucose level exceeds about 160 – 180 mg/dl, the proximal tubule becomes overwhelmed and begins to excrete glucose in the urine. The proximal tubule can only reabsorb a limited amount of glucose. this point is called the renal threshold for glucose (RTG). Normal urine is nearly glucose free even after carbohydrate meal. :‫ﻗﺪ ﻳﺤﺪث ﺧﻠﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻠﻮﻛﻮز ﺑﺴﺒﺐ‬ ‫ اﻧﺨﻔﺎض ﻋﺪد ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼت‬.2.‫ ﻋﺪم ﻗﺪرة ﺧﻼﻳﺎ اﻟﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس اﻟﺒﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻷﻧﺴﻮﻟﻴﻦ‬.1.‫ ﻋﺪم ﻗﺪرة اﻟﻜﺒﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺳﺘﻘﻼب اﻟﺠﻠﻴﻜﻮﺟﻴﻦ‬.4.‫ ﺧﻠﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻣﺘﺼﺎص اﻟﺠﻠﻮﻛﻮز‬.3.‫اﻷﻧﺴﻮﻟﻴﻦ‬.‫ ﺗﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻬﺮﻣﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ دو ًرا ﻓﻲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻲ ﻟﻠﺠﻠﻮﻛﻮز‬.5 /‫ ﻣﻠﻴﻤﻮل‬7 ‫ﻳﺤﺪث ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺴﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪم ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎت اﻟﺴﻜﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺪم اﻟﺼﺎﺋﻢ‬ ❖.‫دﻳﺴﻴﻠﺘﺮ( واﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻴﺔ ﻟﻤﺮض اﻟﺴﻜﺮي‬/‫ ﻣﺠﻢ‬125