CRM Analysis Handout PDF

**Individual/ factor** **Actions + reasons for significance** **So what?? - Analysis of impact** **P = political impact (new laws /gov involvement / figurehead for CRM)** **S= social impact (changed attitudes / gained support for CRM)** Score out of 10 for significance **Martin Luther King**...

**Individual/ factor** **Actions + reasons for significance** **So what?? - Analysis of impact** **P = political impact (new laws /gov involvement / figurehead for CRM)** **S= social impact (changed attitudes / gained support for CRM)** Score out of 10 for significance **Martin Luther King** **1955 -1968** **[1954:]** King was the Minister of a Baptist Church **Short term = S** Gained respect + support due to his job **Long term = P + S** Gained support for CRM from Christians worldwide **[1955:]** Became the leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott -- following the Rosa Parks arrest. **Short term = P + S** Boycott had a clear leader who was respectable; Boycott resulted in desegregation of buses in Montgomery **Long term = P + S** The event made him a figurehead for whole CRM; this victory began chain of desegregation in transport and public places Believed in non-violent tactics, inspired by Gandhi's 'Non Violent civil disobedience **Short term = P + S** Gained support and respect for CRM from public and gov **Long term = P + S** Helped change attitudes by disproving racial stereotypes; gained support for CRM from white American public and government ****: Founded the SCLC (Southern Christian leadership Conference) after bus boycott. **Short term = P + S** A civil rights group using only non-violent protest now existed **Long term = S** Gained support and respect for CRM **[1963:]** King arranged sit-ins and a march in Birmingham, Alabama to stop segregation. He was arrested. Poor treatment and police brutality against children was captured on TV **Short term = P + S** National publicity for CRM; changed attitudes as police brutality revealed and presidential support for CRM gained (JFK) **Long term = P + S** Inspired further peaceful protests and secured future presidential support (can't go back now as will look bad!) **: March on Washington where 250,000 attended. The NAACP, CORE, SNCC and SCLC all took part in organising the march. King delivered his 'I have a dream' speech.** **Short term = P + S** showed unity as **whites and blacks marched together; talks with President Kennedy followed; gained national and international support for CRM** **Long term = P + S** Led to Civil Rights Act being passed in 1964; King wins Nobel Peace Prize in 1964; speech becomes world famous; more support for CRM gained **[1965:]** The Civil Rights Act of 1964 did not guarantee black Americans the vote, so King led the Selma March with 25,000 people **Short term = P + S** Police brutality widely publicised (Bloody Sunday) which gained more support for CRM; Voting Rights Act passed in 1965 which ended literacy test and banned intimidation towards black voters **Long term = P + S** Increased number of black voters (1 million more by 1968) and allowed black Americans to enter politics e.g. Colin Powell **[1962-1968]**: Successfully lobbied (spoke to and made requests of) Presidents Kennedy and Johnson **Short term = P** Gained presidential support **Long term = P + S** Led to Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act, Fair Housing Act and the ban on interracial marriage was ended which led to greater social equality +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Individual/ | **Actions + | **So what?? - | Score out of 10 | | factor** | reasons for | Analysis of | for | | | significance** | impact** | significance | | | | | | | | | **P = political | | | | | impact (new | | | | | laws /gov | | | | | involvement / | | | | | figurehead for | | | | | CRM)** | | | | | | | | | | **S= social | | | | | impact (changed | | | | | attitudes and | | | | | gained support | | | | | for CRM)** | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | **Malcolm X** | **[1952:]{.unde | **Short term = | | | | rline}** | S** The group | | | **1952-1965** | Became member | now had a | | | | of Nation of | member who | | | | Islam. They did | could give | | | | not accept | inspirational | | | | King's methods | speeches due to | | | | and wanted | his brilliant | | | | Separatism and | oratory skills | | | | promoted use of | | | | | violence. | **Long term = | | | | Thought that | S** Malcolm X | | | | violence could | became most | | | | be justified as | famous member | | | | self defence | and gained more | | | | and would | support for CRM | | | | secure a Black | from people who | | | | nation. | did not relate | | | | | to or agree | | | | | with the | | | | | Christian | | | | | non-violent MLK | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **[1952:]{.unde | **Short term = | | | | rline}** | S I**nspired | | | | Members of NOI | others to | | | | rejected slave | follow suit and | | | | surnames and | created unity | | | | called | | | | | themselves X. | **Long term = | | | | Malcom did this | S** Helped | | | | in 1952 too. | educate public | | | | | about impact of | | | | | slavery and | | | | | inspired blacks | | | | | to remove this | | | | | legacy/reject | | | | | white influence | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **[1952 | **Short term = | | | | -1965:]{.underl | S G**ained | | | | ine}** | publicity for | | | | He was a famous | the CRM and NOI | | | | speaker for NOI | | | | | and travelled | **Long term = | | | | across USA | S** increased | | | | giving speeches | membership of | | | | e.g. "The | NOI to 100,000 | | | | Ballot or the | by 1964 | | | | Bullet" speech | | | | | in Cleveland, | | | | | 1964 | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **[1952-1965:]{ | **Short term = | | | |.underline}** | S** His work in | | | | He set up | ghettos gained | | | | social and | more support | | | | educational | for CRM and | | | | programmes for | improved lives | | | | black youths in | and His | | | | ghettoes. In | educational | | | | his speeches he | demands | | | | called out the | inspired point | | | | unequal | 5 of the | | | | educational | 10-point | | | | opportunities, | programme of | | | | the lack of | Black Panthers | | | | black culture | - released in | | | | in the | 1966 | | | | curriculum and | | | | | the lack of | **Long term = | | | | black | S** His | | | | headteachers | critiques of | | | | and teachers | education and | | | | and need for | demands are | | | | change. | still | | | | | referenced | | | | | today when | | | | | assessing black | | | | | education e.g. | | | | | by The Center | | | | | for Black | | | | | Educator | | | | | Development at | | | | | their 2023 | | | | | meeting | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **[1952-1965:]{ | **Short term = | | | |.underline}** | S** gained more | | | | He appealed to | support for CRM | | | | young, black | from people who | | | | and poor | did not relate | | | | Americans. | to or agree | | | | Historians say | with MLK; | | | | he did the most | Improved morale | | | | to raise black | and hope | | | | self-esteem in | | | | | Civil rights | **Long term = | | | | movement | S** Youth | | | | | Membership of | | | | | NOI increased - | | | | | By 1960 75% of | | | | | members were | | | | | 17-35; Became | | | | | cult hero | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **[1964:]{.unde | **Short term = | | | | rline}** | S** Created new | | | | Went to Mecca | groups to gain | | | | and changed his | more support | | | | views about | for CRM from | | | | rejecting white | people not | | | | help. Left the | relating to MLK | | | | NOI and set up | or other groups | | | | Muslim Mosque | | | | | Inc. and | **Long term = | | | | Organisation of | S** He | | | | Afro-American | influenced | | | | Unity to | people like | | | | promote closer | Stokely | | | | ties between | Carmichael who | | | | Islam, Africa | went on to | | | | and black | create the | | | | Americans. | Black Power | | | | | movement | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **[1964-1965:]{ | **Short term = | | | |.underline}** | S** Inspired | | | | His views and | Black Power | | | | ideas became | movement and | | | | the foundation | creation of | | | | of the more | Black Panthers | | | | radical civil | | | | | rights movement | **Long term = | | | | | S** Became | | | | | figurehead in | | | | | history of the | | | | | radicals | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Individual/ | **Actions + | **So what?? - | Score out of 10 | | factor** | reasons for | Analysis of | for | | | significance** | impact** | significance | | | | | | | | | **P = political | | | | | impact (new | | | | | laws /gov | | | | | involvement / | | | | | figurehead for | | | | | CRM)** | | | | | | | | | | **S= social | | | | | impact (changed | | | | | attitudes and | | | | | gained support | | | | | for CRM)** | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **WW2** | **[1941:]{.unde | **Short term = | | | | rline}** | P + S** Issue | | | **1939-1945** | Phillip | of | | | | Randolph sought | discrimination | | | **US | to removed | publicised and | | | involvement: | discrimination | support gained | | | 1941-1945** | in the armed | for CRM; | | | | forces and the | President FDR | | | | workplace and | met with | | | | organised a | Randolph to | | | | "March on | discus issues; | | | | Washington" | the "Double V" | | | | movement | campaign begins | | | | | | | | | | **Long term =P | | | | | + S** Led to | | | | | Executive Order | | | | | 8802 and the | | | | | FEPC which | | | | | improved | | | | | employment and | | | | | aimed to reduce | | | | | discrimination | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **[1941:]{.unde | **Short term = | | | | rline}** | P + S | | | | Executive Order | Presidential | | | | 8802 passed and | support gained | | | | FDR set up the | for CRM;** | | | | Fair Employment | Executive Order | | | | Practices | 8802 which | | | | Commission | stopped | | | | (FEPC) | discrimination | | | | | in gov and | | | | | industrial | | | | | jobs; led to | | | | | FDR setting up | | | | | the FEPC which | | | | | threatened | | | | | action against | | | | | companies which | | | | | discriminated | | | | | against black | | | | | workers/applica | | | | | nts | | | | | | | | | | **Long term =P | | | | | + S** black | | | | | Americans | | | | | employed in gov | | | | | rose from | | | | | 50,000 to | | | | | 200,000 by | | | | | 1945; 2 million | | | | | black Americans | | | | | in industry by | | | | | 1945; | | | | | broadening of | | | | | skills and | | | | | opportunities | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **[1941-1945:]{ | **Short term = | | | |.underline}** | S** 400, 000 | | | | Mass migration | black Americans | | | | of black | migrated to the | | | | Americans from | desegregated | | | | South to work | North | | | | in war | | | | | industries | **Long term = | | | | | S** Black | | | | | Americans more | | | | | aware of need | | | | | to end | | | | | segregation | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **[1941-1945:]{ | **Short term = | | | |.underline}** | S** won great | | | | 17 black | acclaim for | | | | Americans | their service; | | | | served in the | changed | | | | USAF as the | attitudes | | | | Tuskagee Airmen | towards | | | | | accepting black | | | | | Americans into | | | | | air force | | | | | | | | | | **Long term = | | | | | S** By 1945 | | | | | there were 600 | | | | | trained black | | | | | pilots (none | | | | | allowed before | | | | | WW2); broadened | | | | | opportunities; | | | | | inspired | | | | | attitudes to | | | | | change | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **[1941-1945:]{ | **Short term = | | | |.underline}** | S their | | | | 750,000 black | contributions** | | | | Americans | challenged | | | | served in the | racial | | | | armed forces in | stereotypes and | | | | "Jim Crow" | those posted | | | | segregated | abroad became | | | | units | aware that | | | | | segregation was | | | | | not normal | | | | | practice | | | | | | | | | | **Long term = P | | | | | + S** their | | | | | successes led | | | | | to | | | | | desegregation | | | | | in the navy in | | | | | 1946 and in the | | | | | army in 1948; | | | | | helped change | | | | | future | | | | | attitudes; | | | | | General | | | | | Eisenhower saw | | | | | their worth and | | | | | supported | | | | | integrated | | | | | units and he | | | | | became | | | | | president in | | | | | 1954 | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **[1944:]{.unde | **Short term = | | | | rline}** | S public praise | | | | Battle of the | from General | | | | Bulge -- final | Patton which | | | | battle on | helped change | | | | German soil of | attitudes** | | | | WW2 which saw | | | | | the all black | **Long term =P | | | | 761^st^ Tank | + S** The | | | | Battalion win | 761^st^ were | | | | great acclaim | nicknamed | | | | | "Black | | | | | Panthers" which | | | | | inspired the | | | | | militant civil | | | | | Rights group | | | | | Black Panthers | | | | | to be set up in | | | | | 1960s; their | | | | | successes led | | | | | to | | | | | desegregation | | | | | of army in 1948 | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **[1943:]{.unde | **Short term = | | | | rline}** | S** awareness | | | | Race riots in | of injustice | | | | 47 cities due | led to | | | | to migration of | increased | | | | black Americans | membership of | | | | to North; riots | NAACP from | | | | at 9 army | 50,000 to | | | | training camps | 450,000 by end | | | | | of war | | | | | | | | | | **Long term = P | | | | | +S** More | | | | | support for | | | | | CRM; Truman | | | | | proposes Civil | | | | | Rights Bill in | | | | | 1948 | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Individual/ | **Actions + | **So what?? - | Score out of 10 | | factor** | reasons for | Analysis of | for | | | significance** | impact** | significance | | | | | | | | | **P = political | | | | | impact (new | | | | | laws /gov | | | | | involvement / | | | | | figurehead for | | | | | CRM)** | | | | | | | | | | **S= social | | | | | impact (changed | | | | | attitudes and | | | | | gained support | | | | | for CRM)** | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | **Brown vs | Achieved | **Short term = | | | Topeka** | desegregation | P + S** ended | | | | in schools in | segregation in | | | **1954: verdict | the southern | one area | | | 1** | states | | | | | | **Long term = P | | | **1957: verdict | | + S** Improved | | | 2** | | education + | | | | | future job | | | | | opportunities | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | Proved | **Short term = | | | | challenging the | P** ended | | | | law via the | segregation in | | | | Supreme court | one area | | | | could work | | | | | | **Long term = P | | | | | + S** Inspired | | | | | more use of | | | | | Supreme Court | | | | | to make | | | | | changes; was | | | | | used as a | | | | | precedent to | | | | | achieve victory | | | | | in bus boycott; | | | | | began chain of | | | | | desegregation | | | | | in public | | | | | places | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | NAACP funded | **Short term = | | | | the court case | P + S** NAACP | | | | | shown to be | | | | | successful | | | | | civil rights | | | | | group | | | | | | | | | | **Long term = P | | | | | + S** Gained | | | | | more support | | | | | for NAACP; | | | | | legal action | | | | | proven to work | | | | | and led to | | | | | other cases | | | | | funded by NAACP | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | Made Thurgood | **Short term = | | | | Marshall, the | P + S** Verdict | | | | lawyer, famous | 1 ended | | | | and he became a | segregation in | | | | figurehead for | one area | | | | the Civil | (education) | | | | Rights Movement | | | | | | **Long term = P | | | | | + S** Verdict 2 | | | | | ensured | | | | | segregation in | | | | | schools was | | | | | ended; Marshall | | | | | became | | | | | figurehead for | | | | | CRM and he went | | | | | on to become | | | | | the first black | | | | | judge in the | | | | | Supreme Court | | | | | in 1967 | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | The event was | **Short term = | | | | publicised | P + S Gov | | | | nationally and | support for | | | | internationally | ending** | | | | | segregation was | | | | | clear; more | | | | | support for CRM | | | | | gained due to | | | | | publicity | | | | | | | | | | **Long term = P | | | | | + S** Gov | | | | | support for | | | | | further action | | | | | was now almost | | | | | guaranteed; | | | | | attitudes | | | | | towards | | | | | desegregation | | | | | improved slowly | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Montgomery | Achieved | **Short term = | | | Bus Boycott** | desegregation | P + S** ended | | | | on buses in | segregation in | | | **1 Dec 1955 -- | Montgomery | one area | | | 20^th^ Dec | | | | | 1956** | | **Long term = P | | | | | + S** first | | | | | step towards | | | | | ending | | | | | segregation for | | | | | adults | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | Proved peaceful | **Short term = | | | | protest methods | S** disproved | | | | could be | racial | | | | successful | stereotypes | | | | | | | | | | **Long term = S | | | | | + P** inspired | | | | | further | | | | | peaceful | | | | | protests | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | King was the | **Short term = | | | | leader of the | P + S** Boycott | | | | MIA and this | had a clear | | | | propelled him | leader who was | | | | into the | respectable | | | | forefront of | | | | | the Civil | **Long term = P | | | | Rights Movement | + S** The event | | | | | made him a | | | | | figurehead for | | | | | whole CRM | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | The success and | **Short term = | | | | longevity of | S** boycott | | | | the boycott | proved economic | | | | meant bus | power of black | | | | companies were | community | | | | going bust due | | | | | to fewer | **Long term = | | | | customers | S** Attitudes | | | | | towards black | | | | | Americans | | | | | changed | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | The event was | **Short term = | | | | publicised | P + S** Gained | | | | nationally | more support | | | | | and respect for | | | | | CRM | | | | | | | | | | **Long term = P | | | | | + S** Increased | | | | | pressure on | | | | | government to | | | | | make changes | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Individual/ | **Actions + | **So what?? - | **Score out of | | factor** | reasons for | Analysis of | 10 for | | | significance** | impact** | significance** | | | | | | | | | **P = political | | | | | impact (new | | | | | laws /gov | | | | | involvement / | | | | | figurehead for | | | | | CRM)** | | | | | | | | | | **S= social | | | | | impact (changed | | | | | attitudes and | | | | | gained support | | | | | for CRM)** | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | **Stokely | **[1961:]{.unde | **Short term = | | | Carmichael** | rline}** | P + S** Supreme | | | | took part in | court ruling | | | **1961-1969** | the freedom | bus terminals | | | | rides, jailed | must integrate | | | | for seven | | | | | weeks. | **Long term = | | | | | S** Inspired | | | | | further | | | | | peaceful | | | | | protests | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **[1966:]{.unde | **Short term = | | | | rline}** | P + S** created | | | | became chairman | a new civil | | | | of SNCC -- a | rights group | | | | student Civil | with new focus | | | | Right group who | | | | | wanted black | **Long term = P | | | | people to take | + S** Gained | | | | responsibility | more support | | | | for their own | for CRM from | | | | lives and | people not yet | | | | reject white | involved | | | | help | | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **[1966:]{.unde | **Short term = | | | | rline}** | S** Gave black | | | | made his "Black | people hope and | | | | Power" speech | confidence | | | | and began the | | | | | Black Power | **Long term = P | | | | movement | + S** Inspired | | | | | Olympics | | | | | protest and | | | | | Black Panthers | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **[1967:]{.unde | **Short term = | | | | rline}** | S** Gave black | | | | Wrote the book | people hope and | | | | "Black Power" | confidence | | | | | | | | | | **Long term = P | | | | | + S** | | | | | publicised his | | | | | ideas and CRM | | | | | worldwide | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **[1968:]{.unde | **Short term = | | | | rline}** | P + S** Gave | | | | Joined the | legitimacy to a | | | | Black Panthers | new civil | | | | | rights group | | | | | | | | | | **Long term = P | | | | | + S** support | | | | | for CRM from | | | | | people not yet | | | | | involved | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Black Power | Black power was | **Short term = | | | movement** | political, and | P + S** Gave | | | | social. Had | black people | | | **1966-1970s** | slogan 'Black | hope and | | | | is beautiful' | confidence | | | | and aimed to | | | | | increase the | **Long term = P | | | | power of black | + S** Inspired | | | | people in | further | | | | American life | protests and | | | | | Black Panthers | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | Stokely | **Short term = | | | | Carmichael -the | P + S** Gave | | | | leader, wanted | black people | | | | Black Americans | hope and | | | | to feel pride | confidence | | | | and Promoted | | | | | African | **Long term = P | | | | influences on | + S** | | | | fashion and | publicised his | | | | appearance. | ideas and CRM | | | | | worldwide | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **[1968:]{.unde | **Short term = | | | | rline}** | P + S** The | | | | Black power | protest gained | | | | became famous | international | | | | at the Mexico | publicity | | | | City Olympics | | | | | 1968. Men's | **Long term = P | | | | 200m and 400m | + S** Black | | | | Winners | Power is | | | | protested on | remembered | | | | the podium | (history books) | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **President | **{.under | **Short term = | | | Johnson** | line}**: | P + S** ended | | | | Passed Civil | segregation in | | | **1963-1969** | Rights Act | multiple areas | | | | | | | | | | **Long term = P | | | | | + S** secured | | | | | equality and | | | | | gov support | | | | | forever | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **[1965:]{.unde | **Short term = | | | | rline}** | P + S** ended | | | | Passed Voting | literacy test | | | | Rights Act | and | | | | | intimidation | | | | | | | | | | **Long term = P | | | | | + S** Increased | | | | | number of black | | | | | voters (1 | | | | | million more by | | | | | 1968) and | | | | | allowed black | | | | | people to enter | | | | | politics | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **[1967:]{.unde | **Short term = | | | | rline}** | S** allowed | | | | He removed ban | inter-racial | | | | on mixed-race | love to | | | | marriages | flourish | | | | | | | | | | **Long term = | | | | | S** changed | | | | | attitudes | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | | **[1968:]{.unde | **Short term = | | | | rline}** | P + S** ended | | | | Passed the Fair | discrimination | | | | Housing Act | in housing | | | | | | | | | | **Long term = | | | | | S** helped | | | | | black people | | | | | gain better | | | | | living | | | | | conditions | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Individua | **Reasons | **Reasons | **Overall | **Explain.. | | l/ | why they | why they | rank** |.** | | factor** | might be | might be | | | | | positioned | positioned | **(1-7) for | **Rank 1: | | | [first]{.un | [second]{.u | significanc | Why better | | | derline} | nderline} | e | than all | | | or | or | in | the rest?** | | | [second]{.u | [third]{.un | improving | | | | nderline} | derline} | civil | **Ranks | | | most | most | rights?** | 2-6: Why | | | significant | significant | | not as | | | in qu 3:** | in qu 3:** | | significant | | | | | | as the | | | **What did | **What | | factor | | | the | limitations | | ranked | | | individual/ | /downsides | | above?** | | | event | did they | | | | | achieve | have?** | | | | | which was | | | | | | unique to | | | | | | them?** | | | | +=============+=============+=============+=============+=============+ | **Stokely | | | | | | Carmichael* | | | | | | * | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Martin | | | | | | Luther | | | | | | King** | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Montgomer | | | | | | y | | | | | | Bus | | | | | | boycott** | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Brown vs | | | | | | Topeka** | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Black | | | | | | Power** | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **President | | | | | | Johnson** | | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+