Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes PDF
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This illustrative science project presentation details the defining characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It explores the different components, structures, and functions of both types of cells. The presentation also highlights similarities and differences between the two. Note that it doesn't look like a past paper but a presentation created by a student or teacher.
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PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES CELL STRUCTURE All living organisms can be sorted into one of two groups. Prokaryotes and the Eukaryotes. Prokaryotes (pro = before; karyon- = nucleus). All prokaryotic organisms are unicellular e.g. Bacteria Eukaryotes (eu = true; karyo...
PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES CELL STRUCTURE All living organisms can be sorted into one of two groups. Prokaryotes and the Eukaryotes. Prokaryotes (pro = before; karyon- = nucleus). All prokaryotic organisms are unicellular e.g. Bacteria Eukaryotes (eu = true; karyon- = nucleus). Eukaryotic organisms unlike prokaryotic can be unicellular or multicellular. Animal cells, plant cells, fungi PROKARYOTES Simplest type of cell. Oldest type of cell appeared about four billion years ago. Largest group of organisms Unicellular organisms that are found in all environments. Lack a cell nucleus or any membrane-encased organelles prokaryotes into two groups- Bacteria, and Archaea Archaea - unique life form ° shable firma vents or alic ixtreme environments such CHARACTERISTICS Single cell (unicellular) organism Do not have a nuclear membrane. Circular shaped genetic material dispersed throughout cytoplasm (nucleoid DNA is a single loop Do not have membrane-bound organelles Simple internal structure. Smaller in size when compared to Eukaryotes. PROKARYOTIC CELL PARTS Cell Plasmid: All the membrane surrounding and protecting the cell → Cytoplasm: All of the material inside a cell except the nucleus * tilaments tound on the outside of some prokaryotic cells Nucleoid: a nucleus like region of the cell mole deodo tet can reproduce independently Ribosomes: particles that synthesize proteins Cell wall: made of peptidoglycan, comprised of sugars and amino acids, and many have a polysaccharide capsule An extra layer of protection, helps the cell maintain its shape, and prevents dehydration. Capsule: enables the cell to attach to surfaces in its environment. Some prokaryotes have flagella, pili, or fimbriae. Flagella are used for locomotion, Pili are used to exchange genetic material during a type of reproduction called conjugation. SHAPES OF PROKARYOTES * Cocci = spherical (round) Bacillus = (rod shaped) Spirilla = helical (spiral) EUKARYOTES "Appeared approximately one billion years ago Generally more advanced than prokaryotes More complex internal structure Nuclear membrane surrounds linear genetic material (DNA) several different parts Coverings known as cell membranes. Larger than prokaryotes in size. EUKARYOTIC CELL PARTS Cell membrane: Outer covering Nucleus: membrane-bound nucleus contains Genetic material Chromosomes: Structure of nucleic acids and protein which carry genetic information in the form of genes Mitochondria: powerhouse of the cell Endoplasmic reticulum: may be smooth: builds lipids and carbohydrates may be rough: stores proteins made by attached ribosomes Golgi Complex: TAKES in sacs of raw material from ER Usends out sacs containing finished cell products Lysosomes: sacs filled with digestive enzymes digest worn out cell parts digest food absorbed by cell SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC BOTH TYPE OF CELLS HAVE cell membranes (outer covering of the cell) Both types of cells have ribosomes Both types of cells have DNA Both types of cells have a liquid environment known as the cytoplasm
