Crafting Essay Outline PDF

IBN ZOHR UNIVERSITY COMPOSITION 2 (S3) 2024- ESEFA – AGADIR 2025 PROF. EL-ALLALI JASIA...

IBN ZOHR UNIVERSITY COMPOSITION 2 (S3) 2024- ESEFA – AGADIR 2025 PROF. EL-ALLALI JASIA [email protected] Lesson 3: Crafting Outlines An essay outline plans your essay's structure before writing. It includes brief summary sentences or phrases for each point in your paragraphs, helping you see how your argument will develop. You might need to submit an essay outline as a separate assignment, but even if not required, it is a useful part of the writing process. OUTLINING THE ESSAY Organizing your material When writing an essay outline, your ideas might still be forming. You should know your topic and have done some preliminary research, but now you need to organize your ideas into a structured argument. Creating categories Review your notes and define your thesis. Organize your material into categories that support your argument. Typically, essays have three main themes or subjects, each covered in a body paragraph or section. Ensure all points are relevant and support your thesis. Order of information Once your material is categorized, decide on the order.Begin with an introduction and end with a conclusion. Organize the body based on these questions: Is there a clear starting point? Does one subject transition smoothly into another? Do some points need to be discussed before others? Presentation of the outline 1 IBN ZOHR UNIVERSITY COMPOSITION 2 (S3) 2024- ESEFA – AGADIR 2025 PROF. EL-ALLALI JASIA [email protected] Within each paragraph, you will discuss a single idea related to your overall topic or argument, using several points of evidence or analysis to do so. In your outline, you present these points as a few short numbered sentences or phrases. They can be split into sub-points when more detail is needed. The template below shows how you might structure an outline for a five- paragraph essay: I. Introduction Hook Background Thesis statement II. Body paragraph one 1. First point a) First piece of evidence b) Second piece of evidence 2. Second point a) First piece of evidence b) Second piece of evidence III. Body paragraph two 1. First point a) First piece of evidence b) Second piece of evidence 2. Second point a) First piece of evidence b) Second piece of evidence IV. Body paragraph three 1. First point a) First piece of evidence 2 IBN ZOHR UNIVERSITY COMPOSITION 2 (S3) 2024- ESEFA – AGADIR 2025 PROF. EL-ALLALI JASIA [email protected] b) Second piece of evidence 2. Second point a) First piece of evidence b) Second piece of evidence Below, are examples of outlines for different types of essays: an argumentative, descriptive, and compare/contrast essay Argumentative Essay: A writer can not just jump onto the writing process of an argumentative essay. Before beginning the actual writing process, there is a whole pre-writing procedure that should be considered. The pre-writing procedure involves drafting a plan according to which the writer will craft his essay. The following are the steps that you should take to plan out your argumentative essay: 1. Discover your topic 2. Decide on the claim 3. Pick your stance 4. Conduct research 5. Develop an argumentative essay outline These steps will make the writing procedure easier for you. Each step is discussed in detail in the following section: Argumentative Essay Outline: I. Introduction Hook: Grab the reader's attention with an engaging opening sentence. Background information: Provide context and relevant information about the topic. Thesis statement: Clearly state your main argument or claim. II. Body Paragraphs 3  IBN ZOHR UNIVERSITY COMPOSITION 2 (S3) 2024- ESEFA – AGADIR 2025 PROF. EL-ALLALI JASIA [email protected] A. Presenting the Argument Topic sentence: Introduce the main idea or argument of the paragraph. Supporting evidence: Provide facts, examples, statistics, or expert opinions that support your argument. Explanation: Analyze and explain how the evidence supports your thesis statement. Counterarguments: Address potential counterarguments or opposing viewpoints. B. Rebuttal and Counterarguments Present counterarguments or opposing viewpoints related to your main argument. Refutation: Provide evidence and reasoning to refute the counterarguments. Strengthen your position: Emphasize the weaknesses or flaws in the counterarguments. C. Providing Additional Supporting Evidence Introduce new evidence or examples that further support your main argument. Analyze and explain the significance of the additional evidence. III. Conclusion  Restate the thesis statement: Recap your main argument or claim.  Summarize key points: Briefly review the main supporting points discussed in the body paragraphs.  Closing remarks: Provide a concluding statement that reinforces the significance of your argument or suggests a call to action. V. Works Cited or References (if required) Include a list of all sources cited within the essay, following a specific citation style (APA). Arrange the sources alphabetically and ensure proper formatting. Descriptive Essay: 4  IBN ZOHR UNIVERSITY COMPOSITION 2 (S3) 2024- ESEFA – AGADIR 2025 PROF. EL-ALLALI JASIA [email protected] A descriptive essay outline is crucial for structuring your essay. It's your golden ticket to organizing thoughts and ensuring a smooth flow. A good outline can prevent many writing issues. Here are key points for creating an effective outline: 1. Follow the descriptive essay format. 2. Base it on the main topic and subtopics. 3. Use clear, concise language. 4. Include all main points you want in the essay. 5. Treat it as the essay's blueprint. Descriptive Essay Outline: A descriptive essay outline consists of the following three sections. Descriptive Essay Introduction  The introductory paragraph is the section where you introduce your topic to the reader. Thus, give them enough information to understand. Also, try to make this section interesting and engaging.  A descriptive essay introduction includes the below-given elements:  Hook Sentence: Start the essay with a strong hook statement to grab the audience’s attention.  Background Information: The writer gives brief background information on the chosen subject.  Thesis Statement: The thesis statement includes the subject and purpose of the topic. Also, it should be concise and short. Descriptive Essay Body Paragraphs  The body paragraphs of the descriptive essay are made up of strong ideas. Here, you have to provide a complete description of the topic. Thus, use transitional words and vivid language by avoiding vague sentences.  The body paragraphs consist of the following elements:  Topic Sentence: Each paragraph should start with a topic sentence and provide the information in chronological order. It further lets the reader know what you have to describe in the essay. 5 IBN ZOHR UNIVERSITY COMPOSITION 2 (S3) 2024- ESEFA – AGADIR 2025 PROF. EL-ALLALI JASIA [email protected]  Sensory Details: It should include sensory details to grab the reader’s attention. Moreover, all sentences should be related to the topic that appeals to the human senses. It includes sight, taste, touch, smell, and sound.  Actual Details: Here, you should also provide authentic evidence to support your claims. Finish the body paragraphs by introducing the next paragraphs. Descriptive Essay Conclusion  A descriptive essay without a conclusion is a waste piece of an essay. It is the last but the main part of the essay. Moreover, this section is considered your last chance to impress the reader with the work. Thus, make sure that it leaves them with a lasting impression.  Here, you have to sum up the entire essay by restating the thesis statement. However, do not write any new ideas or information. Lastly, end the conclusion by leaving the reader with an explained and clarified reason to do further research. Compare & Contrast Essay: When it comes to writing a compare and contrast essay, you can choose from several types. Each type has its unique approach and structure that will help you present your ideas effectively. 1. Point-by-Point Comparison The point-by-point comparison, also called the alternating method, involves comparing and contrasting two subjects aspect by aspect. This approach is particularly effective when the subjects have numerous similarities and differences. By using this method, you can clearly demonstrate how the two subjects are similar or different in specific aspects. For example, when comparing two cities, you could use this method to examine their climate, transportation, and lifestyle. Example: 6  IBN ZOHR UNIVERSITY COMPOSITION 2 (S3) 2024- ESEFA – AGADIR 2025 PROF. EL-ALLALI JASIA [email protected] Introduction: When it comes to choosing a pet, many people find themselves torn between two popular options: dogs and cats. While both can bring joy and companionship, the choice ultimately depends on factors such as lifestyle, finances, and individual preferences. Thesis: Dogs and cats are wonderful pets, but the ideal choice varies based on a person's lifestyle, financial situation, and the environment they live in. Body Paragraph 1 - Lifestyle: Topic Sentence: Owning a dog or a cat can impact one's lifestyle differently. Topic 1 - Dogs: Argument: Dogs require more attention and exercise, making them suitable for active individuals or families. Argument: Dogs provide companionship and can be trained for various tasks and activities. Topic 2 - Cats: Argument: Cats are more independent and low-maintenance, making them a good fit for busy individuals or those with a calmer lifestyle. Argument: Cats are generally easier to care for, requiring less outdoor activity and attention. Body Paragraph 2 - Finances: Topic Sentence: The financial aspects of owning a dog versus a cat can differ significantly. Topic 1 - Dogs: Argument: Dogs often require higher upfront costs, including vaccinations, grooming, and training expenses. 7  IBN ZOHR UNIVERSITY COMPOSITION 2 (S3) 2024- ESEFA – AGADIR 2025 PROF. EL-ALLALI JASIA [email protected] Argument: Dogs may also have higher ongoing expenses, such as food and regular veterinary care. Topic 2 - Cats: Argument: Cats tend to have lower initial costs, with minimal grooming needs and lower vaccination expenses. Argument: Cats generally require less food and veterinary care, resulting in lower ongoing expenses. Body Paragraph 3 - Environment: Topic Sentence: The living environment can influence the suitability of dogs and cats. Topic 1 - Dogs: Argument: Dogs thrive in homes with yards or access to outdoor spaces for exercise and play. Argument: Dogs may be better suited for suburban or rural areas with ample space. Topic 2 - Cats: Argument: Cats are more adaptable to different living environments, including apartments or small living spaces. Argument: Cats can be indoor pets, making them suitable for urban areas or places with limited outdoor access. Conclusion: In conclusion, the choice between owning a dog or a cat depends on various factors. Consider your lifestyle, financial capabilities, and living environment to determine which pet aligns best with your needs and preferences. Whether you choose a loyal and active dog or an independent and low-maintenance cat, the companionship and joy they bring into your life are immeasurable. 8 IBN ZOHR UNIVERSITY COMPOSITION 2 (S3) 2024- ESEFA – AGADIR 2025 PROF. EL-ALLALI JASIA [email protected] Block Comparison The block comparison, also referred to as the subject-by-subject method, involves presenting all the information about one subject before moving on to the next. This approach is particularly effective when the subjects being compared have several significant differences. It is commonly used in longer essays and helps in presenting ideas clearly and in an organized manner. Example: Introduction: When it comes to selecting a pet, many people are faced with the perennial question: dogs or cats. Both furry companions offer unique qualities and can bring joy to our lives. However, there are distinct differences between these two popular choices that can influence the decision-making process. By examining their characteristics in terms of temperament, care requirements, and interaction styles, one can make an informed choice that aligns with their preferences and lifestyle. Block 1: Temperament Dogs: Known for their loyalty and sociability Often more energetic and require regular exercise and outdoor activities Can be easily trained and enjoy being part of a family unit Cats: Display independent and self-sufficient traits Generally lower energy levels and require less exercise Appreciate a balance of alone time and companionship Block 2: Care Requirements Dogs: Need daily walks and playtime for physical and mental stimulation Require consistent training and socialization 9  IBN ZOHR UNIVERSITY COMPOSITION 2 (S3) 2024- ESEFA – AGADIR 2025 PROF. EL-ALLALI JASIA [email protected] Regular grooming, including bathing and brushing Cats: Self-grooming creatures, needing less maintenance in terms of bathing Require a clean litter box and periodic nail trimming Enjoy playtime but can also entertain themselves Block 3: Interaction Styles Dogs: Highly interactive and enjoy constant human companionship Often seek attention, physical touch, and playtime Can provide a sense of security and protection Cats: Display affection on their own terms, enjoying selective attention Appreciate peaceful moments of solitude and independent exploration Offer a calming presence and can provide emotional support Conclusion: Choosing between a dog and a cat boils down to personal preference and lifestyle considerations. If you value companionship, energy, and an active lifestyle, a dog may be the perfect fit. On the other hand, if independence, lower energy levels, and a self-sufficient nature resonate with you, a cat might be the ideal choice. Remember to consider factors such as available time for exercise, grooming needs, and the level of interaction you desire. Ultimately, both dogs and cats can bring immense joy and become cherished members of our families. 10