CPRT 41 Principles of Crop Protection PDF

15/08/2024 Grading System...

15/08/2024 Grading System 2 LECTURE 60 % Written Tasks/Requirements CPRT 41 30  Quizzes and assignments Performance Tasks 40  Long exams Term Assessments Principles of Crop Protection  Examinations administered at the end of the term; the coverage of the exam are topics discussed within the term 30 100% LABORATORY 40 % Performance Tasks I)  Quizzes (20%) 60 T  Lab outputs (20%) RAYMUND KIM D. DELA CRUZ  Lab exercises (20%) R Term Assessment 40 O Term Grade 100% (H 1 2 C S A 1I B S I. ARTHROPOD, VERTEBRATE, MOLLUSK PESTS & THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES Classification Kingdom- Animalia Phylum - Arthropoda Entomology Class - Insecta – is the science that deals with the study of Order - (suffix: tera, pteron “wing” insects & other arthropod relatives (such as spiders, mites and ticks). Family - (suffix: idae) ex. Mantidae Genus - Mantis Species - religiosa 3 4  15/08/2024 I. ARTHROPOD, VERTEBRATE, MOLLUSK PESTS & I. ARTHROPOD, VERTEBRATE, THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES MOLLUSK PESTS & THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES  Phylum Arthropoda arthro= jointed or segmented  Arthropods are animals having the following characteristics: poda= feet or legs a) jointed legs  Arthropods are animals having the following characteristics: b) ventral nerve cord Dorsal a) jointed legs c) dorsal cerebral ganglion ) b) ventral nerve cord d) open circulatory system and I dorsal cerebral ganglion dorsal heart T c) e) open circulatory system and R d) e) dorsal heart O Ventr al (H 5 6 C S A 1I PHYLUM ARTHROPODA B S II. Arachnida (ticks, scorpions, mites and spiders)  Six (6) Classes 1) Insecta – insects 2) Arachnida – spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks 3) Crustacea – shrimps, lobster, crabs etc.. 4) Xiphosura – horseshoe crabs 5) Diplopoda – millipedes 6) Chilopoda – centipedes  Brusca & Brusca 2003, Subphylum Hexapoda  Others, Superclass Hexapoda 7 8  15/08/2024 9 IV. Xiphosura (horseshoe crabs) III. Crustacea (shrimps, lobster) - have compound eyes, 2 simple eyes - xiphos is Greek for "sword," and uros is Greek for "tail" https://ucmp.berkeley.edu/arthropoda/chelicerata/xiphosura.html V.Diplopoda (millipedes) - characterized by having two pairs of jointed legs on most body segments I) VI. Chilopoda (centipedes) T - predatory arthropods R - Latin centi-, "hundred", and the Latin word pes, pedis, "foot" O https://arthropodinfo.weebly.com/crustacea.html (H 9 10 C S A 1I B. Recognizing an Insect and a Mite B S Parts of an Insect Head 12 Abdomen Head Thorax Thorax Abdomen Spiracles Spiracles Three pairs of legs compound eyes Three pairs of legs Head is situated anterior most part of the body, for food gathering  A pair of antenna, compound eyes, and 3 simple eyes (sing.: Ocellus, plural: & manipulation, sensory organs: ocelli), mouthparts. 11 12  15/08/2024 Parts of an Insect Thorax 13 Abdomen  Divided into 3 parts Head Thorax a) Prothorax (first) - forelegs FW HW b) Mesothorax (middle) - midlegs c) Metathorax (last) - hindlegs pterothorax  Usually heavily sclerotized: Spiracles Dorsal sclerites (plural: nota/sing.: notum) I) Three pairs of legs Lateral sclerites (pleura / pleuron) T Ventral sclerites (sterna / sternum) R Thorax is the second region, bears the locomotory organs such as the 3 pairs O of legs & 2 pairs of wings, although some insects are wingless. (H 13 14 C S A 1I B S 15 Parts of an Insect Head Thorax Abdomen 16 Spiracles Abdomen is the third region, contains organs whose functions deal mainly on reproduction, digestion, blood circulation and respiration. Dorsal abdominal segments = terga/tergum Ventral abdominal segments = sterna/sternum 15 16  15/08/2024 Abdomen Abdomen Tympanum – a sound reception organ, found in the membranous area of the first abdominal tergite in Spiracles – breathing organ (external), found grasshoppers, tibia of the forelegs of katydids and between the terga & sterna of the abdominal in other parts of the body of some insects. segments 1-8 Reproductive structures are located on the 9th segment in males (aedeagus/penis: claspers) ) 8th & 9th in females (copulatory openings & I ovipositors) R T 17 18 (H O C S A 1I B S B. The External Structure of Arachnids of 19 the Order Acari (Mites and Ticks)  Mites & Ticks have 2 Body Regions a) Propodosoma/Prosoma (Cephalothorax) b) Hysterosoma or Idiosoma (=Abdomen/Opisthosoma) 20  Spiders & mites have 2 Body Regions a) Cephalothorax/Prosoma b) Abdomen/Opisthosoma Gnathosoma- mouthparts Podosoma – body part, legs are attached Cephalothorax = Head + Thorax = bears the 4 pairs of legs Abdomen/Opisthosoma = has no locomotor appendages 19 20  15/08/2024  Arachnids C. The External Structure of Arachnids of 21 22 - Don’t have compound eyes, wings & antennae the Order Scorpionida (Scorpions) - Chelicerae = mouthparts: fangs/pincers  Have flat, narrow body, 2 lobster-like claws, 8 legs, & segmented abdominal tail - Pedipalps = paired appendages associated w/ mouth  Found in warm & dry tropical regions, nocturnal and feeds mainly on spiders and insects - Pedicel T I) OR (H 21 22 C S A 1I B S Characteristics of Insects that Makes Then a  2. Physiology they are cold blooded, enables them to Very Successful Group of Arthropods survive adverse climatic conditions. 1. Structure- exoskeleton and endoskeleton serves as  They have sensitive sense organs like the the framework of the body and protection. compound and simple eyes, hairs in the antennae and elsewhere on the body that help them for survival.  Their small size, enables them to live in places that would not be available to larger animals  Presence of wings, enable them to leave a habitat when it becomes unsuitable in food and climate. 23 24  15/08/2024 3. Development How Insects Affect Man as a Consequence of Their 26 Varied Habits and Behavior: - they have short life cycle, tremendous reproduction capacity  Beneficial Aspects to build up into large number 1. Pollination of flowers 2. As natural enemies 4. Behavior - they have amazing foresight, especially in laying eggs with the I) view to the future needs of their T young and fantastic strength to lift R 50 to 800 times their own weight. 25 26 (H O C S A 1I 3. 4. As food for man B S As food for animals that is valuable to human. 27 5. 6. As producers of commercial products other uses includes: - improve soil physical condition, help minimize pollution, aesthetic value 28 Entomophagy 27 28  15/08/2024 The Detrimental or Harmful Aspects 30 1. Economic pests The Detrimental or Harmful Aspects 2. Source of annoyance or injury 1. Transmitter of disease of man & animals 2. Cause of entomophobia T I) OR (H 29 30 C S A 1I B S