Philippine Crafts - Concept Notes PDF

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | - **CONCEPT NOTES: WEEK 2** | | | | **Crafts from the Folk and Indigenous People in the Country** | |...

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | - **CONCEPT NOTES: WEEK 2** | | | | **Crafts from the Folk and Indigenous People in the Country** | | | | Weaving is one of the most traditional methods of fabric production. | | It is the use of two known sets of thread that are knitted at right | | angles to create an essential fabric or cloth. This hand-weaved | | cloths by natives in some of our regions are considered by many | | Filipinos as an art that is useful and at the same time is an | | all-time fashion trend. Weaved crafts also represent our country's | | art and culture that is why this usually caught most of the tourists' | | attraction. Famous craftsman in the field of weaving that pave a | | change in our fabric designs and method of weaving is recognized by | | our country and given the National Living Treasures Award or Gawad sa | | Manlilikha ng Bayan (Crafts). | | | | Here is the list of National Living Treasures for Crafts of Weaving | | | | **1. Lang Dulay 1928-2015 Awarded: 1998** | | | | She became famous because of her abaca fiber ( a traditional Filipino | | material ) that is weaved into T'nalak cloth. T' nalak is a | | traditional textile woven by T'boli women which usually symbolizes | | birth, life, union in marriage and death, and shows the uniqueness | | and identity of their indigenous group. Her artistic designs breed | | with the country's rich history has paved the way for her to become a | | national living treasure. Her widely known designs are: kabangi( | | butterfly), bankiring (hair bangs), and the bulinglangit (clouds). | | | | **2. Darhata Sawabi Birth year unknown; died: 2005 Awarded:2005** | | | | Her textile is famous in Sulu as pis syabit, a customized hood that | | is worn by Filipino Tausugs. Pis syabit weaving's preparation for its | | warp alone takes three days. The weaver strings threads through the | | frame of banana and bamboo to form the tapestry's base. But what | | makes her an outstanding artist among any others is her choice of | | colours, consistency of weave, and use of traditional designs. Due to | | this, Tausug designs has caught the attention of Filipinos as well as | | foreign artists around the world. | | | | **3. Haja Anima Appi 1925-2013 Awarded: 2005** | | | | She is well known as the master mat weaver in her small community of | | Ungos Matata, Tandubas, Tawi-Tawi. Through her sasa and kima-kima | | designed with her intricate geometric arrangements and sensitivity to | | colors, Appi was highly esteemed by her community. | | | | **4. Magdalena Gamayo 1924- Awarded: 2012** | | | | Magdalena Gamayo's works are of the finest quality. She blends | | complex designs using extreme count of threads. In addition, her | | accurateness in color spacing is what makes her abel, a traditional | | blanket sought after by her consumers. She became an expert in using | | sinan-sabong (flowers), kusikos(spirals), and the binakol inuritan | | (geometric) patterns to her crafts. Her outstanding work continues to | | flourish in contemporary art that is now well known as weaving | | tradition in Ilocos. | | | | **Traditional Textile in the Philippines** | | | | 1. **Aklanon Pina Fabric:** - from the Bisaya's red pineapple leaves | | is where Aklanon's pina fabric is extracted. They are known for | | their floral or vegetal designs on the crossed woods. This is | | also the kind of fabric material that is most commonly preferred | | for our well known barong Tagalog. | | | | 2. **Kiniray-a and Hiligaynon's Hablon Fabric -** Hablon came from | | Hiligaynon root word habol which means "to weave" and in their | | word it simply means something woven. This kind of weave is | | usually plain and has striped and plaid designs. This fabric is | | used for Visayan's wraparound skirt patadyong and panuelo. | | | | 3. **Maranaw Textile:** Maranaw of Lanao Del Norte and Lanao Del Sur | | is known for their malong, a lower garment that is used in most | | Filipino cultural occasions. This is made by using langkit, a | | specialised kind of heavy handwoven reversible textile. | | | | **Traditional Art Forms and Practices of the Artist in Literature** | | | | With our country's rich history, there are several collections of | | fables, legends, and myths was created and pass on generations to | | generations in order to preserve our culture, traditions and identity | | as Filipino. In this module, you will know the country's most | | talented and influential writers who have recognized and awarded | | greatest honors for their important contributions to Philippine | | Literature. | | | | **Philippines Influential Writers** | | | | **1. Ginaw Bilog 1953-2003 Awarded: 1993** | | | | Ginaw Bilog is known in preserving the poetic literature ambahan | | which is constructed of seven syllable lines that used methapors and | | imagery in conveying its messages lining up from advice, courtship | | and to farewell. From Mansalay, Oriental Mindoro, Ginaw Bilog | | continuously records the ambahan poetic literature using bamboo tubes | | and old, worn out notebooks given to him by his family and friends. | | His way of preserving this literature has been the reason of its | | existence up to this day. | | | | 2\. Federico Caballero: 1938- Awarded: 2000 | | | | His recording of our dying oral tradition of epics in a language that | | is no longer spoken is his contribution in Filipino literary arts. He | | travelled to many places in the country to encourage the indigenous | | elders to read and write. Caballero is well known as bantugan, refers | | to a person who has acquired individuality. Aside from that, he | | manages to distribute justice in society through manughusay- a | | mediator of disagreements. His works enable the scholars as well as | | contemporary artist to have an access to our epics that is full of | | our culture and traditions. | | | | 3\. Francisco Arcellana 1916-2002 Year Awarded: 1990 | | | | He is considered as one of the founders of modern Filipino short | | story in English. Lyrical prose-poetic form of short stories is the | | one he usually uses. His exceptional works in fiction include "The | | Other Woman", "To Touch You," and "I Touched Her" which are country's | | part of secondary and tertiary- level syllabi. | | | | 4\. N.V.M Gonzales 1915-1999 Year Awarded: 1997 | | | | He received numerous recognitions and one of this is being the | | National Artist for Literature. Some of his excellent works are : The | | Winds of April (1941), A season of Grace (1956), and the Bamboo | | Dancers (1988). These are published in several languages including | | Filipino, English, Chinese, German, Russian and Indonesian. | | | | 5\. Nick Joaquin 1917-2004 Year Awarded: 1976 | | | | He is also known in his pen name Quiano de Manila for some of his | | works. He started literary journalism movement in the Philippines | | literature. Literary journalism comes closest to newspaper and | | magazine writing as it is a fact-driven reporting. He became a | | national artist in 1976 and some of his well known works are A | | Portrait of the Artist as Filipino: An Elegy in Three Scenes, Manila, | | My Manila: A History for the Young and May Day Eve. | | | | 6\. Jose Garcia Villa 1908-1997 Year Awarded: 1973 | | | | He is considered as the 20th century most influential writer in the | | country. His unconventional style and personality in writing has | | caught the attention of his readers just like how he used comma in | | every word of his poem. His style observed to be similar with | | Seurat's measured pointillism. Pointillism is a technique in painting | | wherein the use of of small, recognizable dots of pure color for an | | image to be created can be seen. But with Jose Villa, he used it in | | his literary works. One of his well-known works is Footnote to Youth: | | Tales of the Philippines and Others in 1933. This is his first | | collection of short stories. | | | | **Artists and Their Practices in Plastic Arts** | | | | **How it started?** | | | | Plastic arts are art forms which involve physical manipulation of a | | plastic medium by molding or modeling such as sculpture or ceramics. | | Less often the term may be used broadly for all the visual arts (such | | as painting, sculpture, film and photography), as opposed to | | literature and music. Materials for use in the plastic arts, in the | | narrower definition, include those that can be carved or shaped, such | | as stone or wood, concrete, glass, or metal. | | | | The best starting point in the history of Philippine art is probably | | the Sixteenth century, with the implantation of Spanish sovereignty | | over the islands. During the pre-Spanish period, the Philippines | | already enjoyed a certain degree of civilization. The unit of social | | and political organization varied in size from 5 to 7,000 | | inhabitants, and was known as "barangay". The people fabricated | | different kinds of boats, fishing apparatus, and finished arts; they | | wove textiles from abaca, pineapple, cotton, and silk which came from | | China; they embroidered and carved sculptures symbolic of their | | ancestors whom they called "anitos". According to \[Trinidad H.\] | | Pardo de Tavera, they were expert silver, gold and coppersmiths, | | working on these minerals for artistic jewels and for bedecking their | | weapons and arms. The late distinguished artist and sculptor, Jose | | Ma. Asuncion, says in this connection: "During the first period | | (pre-Spanish) Filipino art was but the shadow of that existing in the | | Asiatic continent, eminently oriental, with some local characteristic | | which were developed in manner parallel to the different foci of | | Oriental civilization with which we were in close contact, such as | | India, China, Indo-China, Japan, Borneo, Sumatra, Java and the | | Moluccas... Upon the implantation of Spanish sovereignty over these | | Islands, every vestige of this Oriental art was swept away in the | | center of the Philippines Archipelago." Further he says, " | | architecture, sculpture and painting, if at all they existed by | | reason of the necessities and beliefs then obtaining, left no | | archeological traces in forgotten corners of the Philippines." | | | | **Who are the artists known in this field?** | | | | 1\. Napoleon " Billy" Abueva (January 26, 1930 -- February 16, 2018) | | | | He was known as the \"Father of Modern Philippine Sculpture\" Through | | Proclamation No. 1539, He was proclaimed National Artist for | | Sculpture in 1976 when he was 46, making him the youngest recipient | | of the award to date. His works and skills create a big impact to | | contemporary arts. He used almost all kinds of materials for his | | sculptures such as hard wood, adobe, metal, stainless steel, cement, | | marble, bronze, iron, alabaster, coral and brass. He was the first | | Filipino artist to mount a one-man exhibit at the Philippine Center | | in New York in 1980. Some of his major works include Kaganapan | | (1953), Kiss of Judas (1955), Thirty Pieces of Silver, The | | Transfiguration (1979), Eternal Garden Memorial Park, UP Gateway | | (1967), Nine Muses (1994), UP Faculty Center, Sunburst | | (1994)-Peninsula Manila Hotel, the bronze figure of Teodoro M. Kalaw | | in front of National Library, and murals in marble at the National | | Heroes Shrine, Mt. Samat, Bataan. | | | | 2\. Guillermo Estrella Tolentino (July 24, 1890 -- July 12, 1976) | | | | He was a Filipino sculptor and professor of the University of the | | Philippines. He was designated as a National Artist of the | | Philippines for Sculpture in 1973, three years before his death. | | Along with thirteen artists, Tolentino joined a contest in 1930 to | | design the Bonifacio Monument. Instead of basing the statues on | | printed materials, he interviewed people who participated in the | | Philippine Revolution. Bonifacio\'s figure was based on the bone | | structure of Espiridiona Bonifacio, the Supremo\'s surviving sister. | | Down to seven entries, the committee had its winners by July 29. | | Tolentino\'s entry won first place and was given a cash prize of | | 3,000 pesos. In 1935, Rafael Palma, president of the University of | | the Philippines, commissioned Tolentino to sculpt the Oblation, a | | statue based on the second stanza of Jose Rizal\'s Mi ultimo adios. | | Tolentino used concrete to create the statue but it was painted to | | look like bronze. The statue\'s model was Anastacio Caedo, his | | assistant, whose physique was combined with the proportion of | | Virgilio Raymundo, his brother-in-law. The University of the | | Philippines Alumni Association requested Tolentino on October 25, | | 1935 to construct an arch commemorating the inauguration of the | | Commonwealth of the Philippines but it was never built, because of | | the war. | | | | 3\. Julie Lluch (March 5, 1946- Present ) | | | | She is one of the foremost exponents of terracotta in the Philippines | | today. Her highly personal art finds perfect expression in Philippine | | indigenous clay to which she refers as a most "sensuous and | | pleasurable" feminine medium. Her ideologically informed works of | | sculptured women performing various domestic chores, mostly | | auto-biographical in origin, are sharp feminist commentary on the | | circumstances of women's lives. Her later works deal with spiritual | | themes, particularly the Christian paradox of death and rebirth, | | faith and vulnerability as depicted in her praying women series. | | | | 4\. Abdulmari Asia Imao 1936-2014 | | | | He was a Filipino painter and sculptor. Imao was named National | | Artist of the Philippines for Sculpture in 2006. A Tausūg, Imao is | | the first Moro to receive the recognition. Aside from being a | | sculptor, Imao is also a painter, photographer, ceramist, cultural | | researcher, documentary film maker, writer, and a patron of | | Philippine Muslim art and culture. Abdulmari Imao is known for using | | the okir, sarimanok and the naga as motifs in his artworks and is | | recognized for popularizing the motifs to the Filipino national | | consciousness. Imao draws inspiration from Tausūg and Maranao art. | | Imao\'s Islamic faith is also a source of inspiration in his art as | | evidenced in his sculptures composed of elements of Allah\'s name | | through Arabic calligraphy. | | | | 5\. Charlie Co\ | | He is the pride of Negros in visual arts as he was born in Bacolod. | | He is recognized internationally because of his artworks that | | represents surreal interpretation of realities for more than 30 | | years. His works provoke and inspire the contemporary artist to | | make their artworks reflect the social issues that we are facing. | | | | **The Practices of the Artists in Performing Arts** | | | | Because of Spanish and American conquerors that have been in our | | country for more than a hundred years, it is no doubt that they | | greatly influenced Filipino's culture from their era up until now. | | One of the heavily influenced part of Filipino's culture are their | | performing arts such as dances, songs, and dramatic performances, | | puppetry, spoken word, recitation and public speaking. But despite of | | that, there are still some natives that perform traditional | | performing arts as part of their cultural heritage and identity | | practices.\ | | \ | | **Notable Filipino's in the Field of Performing Arts** | | | | 1\. Masino Intaray 1943-2013 Awarded:1993 | | | | Playing customary musical instruments such as basal, kulilal and | | bagit is only one among the few of Intaray's skills and talents. In | | addition, tuturan (myths), tultul(epics), and sudsungit (narratives), | | a recognizable Palawan folk literature, became available to the | | knowledge of contemporary artists because of his countless times | | vocalizing these from Makagwa Valley in Brookes Point, Palawan as a | | native of this rural area to other parts of the country. | | | | 2\. Samaon Sulayman 1953-2011 Awarded:1993 | | | | His dedication sharing his knowledge on playing kudyapi is his | | contribution to Philippine culture and arts. Kudyapi of Maguindanao | | is one of the most refined Philippine musical instruments. And around | | Magonoy town, Maguindanao, Mindanao, Sulaiman is known to be a | | teacher and master of performing kudyapi including binalig, linapu, | | minna, and dinaladay. Aside from kudyapi, other traditional | | instruments in the Philippines such as kulintang, agong, gandingan, | | palendag, and tambul were also part of his expertise in handling | | traditional instruments. | | | | 3\. Alonzo Saclag 1941- Awarded: 2000 | | | | His incredible skills and talent in Kalinga musical instruments and | | dance performance that is in accordion with his fellow Kalingan's | | practice without any formal instruction received are what makes | | Saclag lead the establishment of reputable Kalinga Budong Dance | | Troupe that performs Kalinga arts. Through them, many contemporary | | artists have been inspired in their masterpiece. | | | | 4\. Bea Camacho 1983- Present | | | | She is born in Manila and a natural Filipino but because of her | | passion and arts became well known throughout internationally, she | | lived most of her life outside of the Philippines. She is currently | | works as a designer for design and consultancy firm in Shanghai named | | Ideo. One of the awardees of Thirteen Artists Award by Cultural | | Centre of the Philippines, she is a visual and performance artist who | | focuses in installation, performance and video. One of her recent | | exhibit of works was opened in Bonifacio Global City. It was about | | remembering and forgetting which was inspired by her living away from | | her family. One of her fascinating performing arts is recorded in a | | video that lasted for 11 hours interweaving her in a red yarn until | | she was surrounded with it like a cocoon. It is entitled "Enclose" | | (2005) which is part of her "Blind Transmission" exhibition at | | Cultural Center of the Philippines. | | | | 5\. Raquel De Loyola | | | | Through her performance arts, messages that address migration, | | displacement, identity and globalization in the post-modern, | | post-colonial Philippines, as well as complex landscape of ideas | | concerning women and consumerism can be unravel. Her masterpiece is | | not confined with performances but she also use mixed media, relief, | | soft fabric sculpture, painting and in her exhibited works. Its | | central focus is inspired by an intuitive form of Filipino writing, | | the Baybayin in relation to women's fundamental perseverance and its | | crucial role for life creation. She was also awarded the prestigious | | Cultural Center of the Philippines 13 Artists Awards in 2009. | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+