Course 5 Respiratory System PDF

HUMAN ANATOMY LEC 5 By: Dr. Ashraf Abo El-Yazeed 01158174202 4 L.E  RespiRatoRy system Lec (5) Respiratory System Components: 1. Respiratory Passages: o Nasal Cavity o Pharynx...

HUMAN ANATOMY LEC 5 By: Dr. Ashraf Abo El-Yazeed 01158174202 4 L.E  RespiRatoRy system Lec (5) Respiratory System Components: 1. Respiratory Passages: o Nasal Cavity o Pharynx o Larynx o Trachea o Bronchi o Bronchioles 2. Lungs and Pleura Nasal Cavity: Nose: Divided by the nasal septum into two cavities. Nasal Sinuses: Air-filled spaces in the skull bones, lined with mucosa. They open into the nose and drain mucus. The main sinuses are the frontal, maxillary, and sphenoid sinuses. o Functions: 1) Enhance vocal resonance, 2) lighten the weight of skull. o Applied Anatomy: 1 Dr. Ashraf Abo El Yazeed  ▪ Sinusitis: Inflammation of the sinuses, filled with pus. ▪ Fractures of nasal bones are common ▪ Entry foreign bodies are common in children. ▪ Epistaxis: bleeding of nose. Larynx: The larynx is involved in phonation (voice production). o Location: in the front of the neck, A. extending from the root of the tongue to the trachea. o Structure: A. Made of cartilage and muscles, B. containing the vocal cords. o Functions: 1) Respiratory function (air passage). 2) Phonation (voice production). Trachea (Windpipe): The trachea is a fibro-muscular tube (10 cm long and 2.5 cm wide) that connects the larynx to the bronchi. o Location: Upper half in the neck and lower half in the thorax. 2 Dr. Ashraf Abo El Yazeed  ✓ It always open due to incomplete cartilaginous rings. o Begins at the 6th cervical vertebra o Ends at the 4th thoracic vertebra A. where it divides into the right and left main bronchi. Bronchi: The trachea bifurcates into right and left bronchi at the level of the 4th thoracic vertebra. Differences Between the Right and Left main bronchi 3 Dr. Ashraf Abo El Yazeed  o Applied Anatomy: A. Foreign body aspiration: More likely to enter the right main bronchus because it is wider and more aligned with the trachea. B. Bronchoscopy: A procedure for visualizing the trachea and bronchi, ✓ It used to remove foreign bodies and obtain biopsies. Lungs: The lungs are paired organs, with right and left lungs. o Each lung is cone-shaped, with an apex (top) and base (bottom). o The lungs have sharp anterior borders and rounded posterior borders. o There are two surfaces: Medial surface. and Lateral surface. 4 Dr. Ashraf Abo El Yazeed Differences Between the Right and Left Lungs Feature Right Lung Left Lung Size & Weight Larger and heavier Smaller and lighter Length & Breadth Shorter and wider Longer and narrower Lobes & Fissures Three lobes, two fissures Two lobes, one fissure Anterior Border No cardiac notch Cardiac notch (for the apex of the heart) Base More concave Less concave Hilum Contains Contains 2 bronchi, 1 bronchus, 2 pulmonary veins, 2 pulmonary veins, 1 pulmonary artery 1 pulmonary artery 5 Dr. Ashraf Abo El Yazeed