Countries, Nationalities, Languages PDF

Countries, Nationalities, Languages. Country Adjectives Person Nation Language Albania[æl'beɪnɪə] Albanian an Albanian the Albanians Albanian Algeria[æl'ʤɪərɪə]...

Countries, Nationalities, Languages. Country Adjectives Person Nation Language Albania[æl'beɪnɪə] Albanian an Albanian the Albanians Albanian Algeria[æl'ʤɪərɪə] Algerian an Algerian the Algerians Arabic, French Argentina[ˌɑːʤ(ə)n'tiːnə] Argentinian an Argentinian the Argentinians Spanish Armenia Armenian an Armenian Armenians Armenian Australia[ɔs'treɪlɪə] Australian an Australian the Australians English Austria['ɔstrɪə] Austrian an Austrian the Austrians German Azerbaijan Azerbaijani an Azerbaijani the Azerbaijanis Azerbaijani Belarusian, Belarus Belarusian a Belarusian the Belarusians Russian French, Dutch, Belgium['belʤəm] Belgian['belʤ(ə)n] a Belgian the Belgians German Bolivia Bolivian a Bolivian Bolivians Spanish Bosnia and Herzegovina ['bɔznɪə] Bosnian, Serbian, Bosnian[ˈbɒznɪən] a Bosnian the Bosnians [ˌhɛːtsəˈgɒvɪnə/ˌhɜːtsəgəʊ' Croatian viːnə] Brazil[brə'zɪl] Brazilian a Brazilian the Brazilians Portuguese Bulgaria[bʌl'gɛərɪəˌ bʊl-] Bulgarian a Bulgarian the Bulgarians Bulgarian Cambodia Cambodian a Cambodian the Cambodians Cambodian Canada['kænədə] Canadian[kə'neɪdɪən] a Canadian the Canadians English, French Chile['ʧɪlɪ] Chilean['ʧɪlɪən] a Chilean the Chileans Spanish a Chinese Chinese China Chinese the Chinese person (Mandarin) Colombia Colombian a Colombian the Colombians Spanish a Congolese Congo Congolese the Congolese French person a Croatia[krəʊˈeɪʃə] Croatian[krəu'eɪʃɪən] Croat['krəuæt]/ the Croats Croatian /a Croatian Cuba ['kjuːbə] Cuban['kjuːbən] a Cuban the Cubans Spanish Czech Republic Czech [tʃɛk] a Czech the Czechs Czech Cyprus Cypriot a Cypriot the Cypriots Greek, Turkish Denmark Danish a Dane the Danes Danish an Ecuador Ecuadorian/rean Ecuadorians/reans Spanish Ecuadorian/rean Egypt['iːʤɪpt] Egyptian an Egyptian the Egyptians Arabic a Salvadorans/ians/e El Salvador Salvadoran/ian/ean Salvadoran/ian/e Spanish ans an Estonia[es'təunɪə] Estonian an Estonian The Estonians Estonian Finland Finnish a Finn the Finns Finnish,Swedish 1 Country Adjectives Person Nation Language a Frenchman/a France[frɑːns] French the French French Frenchwoman Germany German a German the Germans German Georgia Georgian a Georgian the Georgians Georgian Greece Greek a Greek the Greeks Greek Guatemala Guatemalan a Guatemalan the Guatemalans Spanish Honduras Honduran a Honduran the Hondurans Spanish Hungary Hungarian a Hungarian the Hungarians Hungarian an Iceland Icelandic[aɪs'lændɪk] Icelander['aɪslən the Icelanders Icelandic də] India Indian an Indian the Indians Hindi, English Indonesia Indonesian an Indonesian the Indonesian Indonesian Persian['pɜːʃən] Iran[ɪ'rɑːn] Iranian[ɪ'reɪnɪən] an Iranian the Iranians ['pɜːʒən] Iraq[ɪ'rɑːk] Iraqi[ɪ'rɑːkɪ] an Iraqi the Iraqis Arabic an Irishman/an Irish Republic Irish the Irish English, Irish Irishwoman Israel['ɪzreɪl] [ˈɪzreɪəl] Israeli[ɪz'reɪlɪ] an Israeli the Israelis Hebrew Italy Italian an Italian the Italians Italian a Japanese Japan Japanese the Japanese Japanese person Jordan Jordanian a Jordanian the Jordanians Arabic Kazakhstan Kazakh a Kazakh the Kazakhs Kazakh Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyz a Kyrgyz the Kyrgyz Kyrgyz, Russian Laos Laotian a Laotian the Laotian Laotian Latvia Latvian a Latvian the Latvians Latvian a Lebanese Lebanon Lebanese the Lebanese Arabic person Lithuania[ˌlɪθju'eɪnɪə] Lithuanian a Lithuanian the Lithuanians Lithuanian Macedonia Macedonian a Macedonian the Macedonians Macedonia Malaysia Malaysian a Malaysian the Malaysians Malay/ Malaysian Mexico['meksɪkəu] Mexican a Mexican the Mexicans Spanish Moldovan/Roman Moldova Moldovan a Moldovan the Moldovans ian Monegasque[ˌmɒnə'gæ Monaco[ˈmɒnəkəʊ] a Monegasque the Monegasques French sk] Montenegro[ˌmɔntɪ'niːgrəu Montenegrin[ˌmɔntɪ'niː a Montenegrin the Montenegrins Montenegrin ] grɪn] Morocco[mə'rɔkəu] Moroccan[mə'rɔkən] a Moroccan the Moroccans Arabic Mozambique Mozambican a Mozambican the Mozambicans Portuguese Nicaragua Nicaraguan a Nicaraguan the Nicaraguans Spanish the Netherlands Dutch a Dutchman/a the Dutch Dutch 2 Country Adjectives Person Nation Language Dutchwoman a New the New New Zealand New Zealand English Zealander Zealanders Norwegian[nɔː'wiːʤ(ə) Norway a Norwegian the Norwegians Norwegian n] Palestinian[ˌpælə'stɪnɪə Palestine['pælɪˌstaɪn] a Palestinian the Palestinians Arabic n] Panama Panamanian a Panamanian the Panamanians Spanish Paraguay Paraguayan a Paraguayan the Paraguayans Spanish Peru[pə'ruː] Peruvian[pə'ruːvɪən] a Peruvian the Peruvians Spanish Poland Polish a Pole the Poles Polish Portugal[ˈpɔːtjʊg(ə)l, a Portuguese Portuguese the Portuguese Portuguese ˈpɔːtʃʊ-] person Romania[rəʊ'meɪnɪə] Romanian a Romanian the Romanians Romanian Russia Russian a Russian the Russians Russian Saudi Arabia[ˌsaudɪə'reɪbɪə] Saudi Arabian a Saudi the Saudis Arabic ['sɔːdɪˌ 'saʊ-] Serbia['sɜːbɪə] Serbian a Serb the Serbs Serbian Syria Syrian a Syrian the Syrians Arabic Slovak republic['sləuvæk] Slovak a Slovak the Slovaks Slovak a Slovenia[slə'viːnɪə] Slovenian Slovene[slə'viːn the Slovenes Slovene ] a South/North the South/North South/North Korea South/North Korean Korean Korean Koreans Afrikaans, South Africa South African a South African the South Africans English the Spaniards/the Spain Spanish a Spaniard Spanish Spanish Sweden Swedish a Swede the Swedes Swedish German, French, Switzerland Swiss a Swiss person the Swiss Italian, Romansh Tajikistan Tajik a Tajik the Tajiks Tajik/Tajiki Thailand['taɪlænd] Thai a Thai the Thais/Thai Thai Tunisia[tjuː'nɪzɪə] Tunisian[tjuː'nɪzɪən] a Tunisian the Tunisians Arabic Turkey Turkish a Turk the Turks Turkish Turkmenistan[tɜːkˌmenɪ'stɑ Turkmen a Turkmen the Turkmens Turkmen ːn] (the) Ukraine[juː'kreɪn] Ukrainian a Ukrainian the Ukrainians Ukrainian the United Kingdom British a Briton['brɪtn] the British English an - England English Englishman/an the English English Englishwoman 3 Country Adjectives Person Nation Language a English (Scottish - Scotland Scottish Scot/Scotsman/a the Scots English, British Scotswoman English) a Welshman/a - Wales Welsh the Welsh English, Welsh Welshwoman a Northern Irishman/a - Northern Ireland Northern Irish the Northern Irish English, Irish Nothern Irishwoman the USA American an American the Americans English Uruguay Uruguayan an Uruguayan the Uruguayan Spanish Uzbekistan Uzbek an Uzbek the Uzbeks Uzbek Venezuelan[ˌvenɪ'zweɪl Venezuela[venɪ'zweɪlə] a Venezuelan the Venezuelans Spanish ən] Vietnam[viːet'næm] Vietnamese[vɪˌetnə'miː a Vietnamese the Vietnamese Vietnamese [ˌvjɛt'næm] z] [ˌvjɛtnə'miːz] person 4  Countries, Nationalities, Languages. Grammar Notes. 1) When you are talking about people in general from a particular country, there are some nationalities that you can make plural by adding ‘s’ to the nationality adjective. In this case you may or may not use the definite article ‘the’. (the) Russians Brazilians Italians 2) When the nationality adjective ends in ‘-ch’, ‘-sh’, ‘-ese’, ‘-ss’ you use the definite article ‘the’ and the nationality adjective to refer to the population as a whole. French British the Irish Welsh Swiss Dutch Portuguese Chinese Japanese Vietnamese Nepalese Congolese Maltese, etc. 3) In other cases you can use the definite article ‘the’ and the plural form of the noun used to refer to a person belonging to that group. Adjective Person Population Danish a Dane the Danes Finnish a Finn the Finns Polish a Pole the Poles Scottish a Scot the Scots Swedish a Swede the Swedes Turkish a Turk the Turks Notes: 1) With all these three groups you can use the words ‘people’, ‘men’, ‘women’ ‘girl’, ‘person’: (British people, German women, Japanese men). 2) When you talk about one person from these countries, you need to add ‘woman/man/person’ to the following adjectives: French, British, English, Irish, Welsh, Dutch: an Italian, but a British person, a French woman). You can also say: a Frenchman-a Frenchwoman, a Dutchman-a Dutchwoman, an Englishman-Englishwoman, an Irishman-an Irishwoman, a Welshman-a Welshwoman, A Scotsman- a Scotswoman. 3) The Scots prefer the adjectives Scottish. Scotch is used in the following expressions: - Scotch broth (шотландская похлёбка), Scotch whisky (шотландское виски, скотч), Scotch egg (по- шотландски), Scotch terrier (шотландский терьер), Scotch cousin (дальний родственник), Scotch tape (скотч, клейкая лента), Scotch breakfast (шотландский завтрак), and some other expressions. 4) English is not the same as British, and it is not used for Scottish, Welsh and Irish people. 5) Arabic is used for the language spoken in Arab countries and in the expressions: Arabic alphabet (арабский алфавит), Arabic literature (арабская литература), Arabic script (арабская рукопись), Arabic numerals (арабские цифры), and some other expressions. 6) Arabian is used in a few fixed expressions and place names: (Saudi Arabian, the Arabian Sea, Arabian Nights ("Тысяча и одна ночь"-арабские сказки), the Arabian Desert (Аравийская пустыня), the Arabian Peninsula (Аравийский полуостров), the Arabian fauna/flora (for e.g. the 5  Arabian camel (аравийский верблюд)), the Arabian bird (Феникс (сказочная птица); чудо, уникум), and some other expressions. 7) In other cases, the normal adjective is Arab: Arab businessman (арабский бизнесмен), Arab horse (арабская лошадь), Arab sheikh (арабский шейх), Arab International Bank (Арабский международный банк), Arab countries (арабские страны). 8) We use Arab when we speak about people: an Arab (араб), the Arabs (арабский народ, арабы). 9) When we speak about citizens of Spain, we may call them (the) Spaniards or the Spanish. 10) Remember the following expressions: to speak English, but the English language; What is the English for ‘вдохновение’? 11) Questions about nationality: A: What is his nationality? B: He is Chinese/He is Polish/He is a Pole/He is French/ He is a Frenchman. A: Are you a Pole? B: No, I am not. I am not a Pole. (I am not Polish.) 6