Copy of Worksheet 11 15 - 11 18 Unit 8 & 9 Test Prep (PDF)

Worksheet 11/15 - 11/18: Unit 8 and 9 Test Prep Thermal Energy Transfer and Equilibrium TEKS 7.8(A), 7.8(B) Exam on Tuesday 11/19 (P) and Wednesday 11/20 (R) Exam will be on TEKS 7.8(A) and 7.8(B): Thermal Energy Transfer and Equilibrium You sho...

Worksheet 11/15 - 11/18: Unit 8 and 9 Test Prep Thermal Energy Transfer and Equilibrium TEKS 7.8(A), 7.8(B) Exam on Tuesday 11/19 (P) and Wednesday 11/20 (R) Exam will be on TEKS 7.8(A) and 7.8(B): Thermal Energy Transfer and Equilibrium You should also review your Do Nows, DoLs, slides, and worksheets for Units 8 and 9 to prepare for the exam: Especially the Exam Review slides! DO NOW: 1) A student conducts an experiment with two containers of water. Based on the graph, what will be the final temperature of both containers when thermal equilibrium is reached? A. The final temperature will remain at 80°C, as Container 1 maintains its initial temperature throughout the thermal energy transfer. B. The final temperature will stabilize at 20°C, as Container 2's temperature determines the final thermal equilibrium point. C. The final temperature will stabilize at 65°C, as the warmer container has a greater influence on the final thermal equilibrium point. D. The final temperature will reach 50°C, as thermal energy transfers until both containers achieve thermal equilibrium halfway between their initial temperatures. 2) On a hot day, you take a cold water bottle out of the refrigerator and place it on the kitchen counter. Explain the direction of thermal energy flow in this situation. How will the temperatures of the water, bottle, and surrounding air change over time, and why? Thermal energy will flow from the warmer air to the cold water bottle The temperatures of the water, bottle, and surrounding air will change over time because the temperature flows from hot to cold 3) In a closed system containing two gases at different temperatures, what will happen as they reach thermal equilibrium? A. One gas will always remain colder than the other. B. The gases will react chemically to equalize their temperatures. C. Thermal energy will transfer from the hotter gas to the cooler gas until both have the same temperature. D. No heat transfer occurs if the gases are not in contact with each other. QUESTIONS FROM EXAM REVIEW SLIDES: Use this Word Bank to help you answer the questions: Thermal Energy, Heat, Conduction, Convection, Radiation, Transfer, Average Kinetic Energy, Density, Thermal Expansion/Contraction 1) The water is boiling, but exactly how does that take place? How does the heat of the gas flame cause the water to boil? The heat from the gas flame causes conduction and convection to occur so the gas flames are touching the water making it boil. 2) Hot air balloons look beautiful in the sky. But what causes them to rise? Hot air balloons rise because the air inside the balloon is being controlled by flames causing it to rise 3) There's nothing like wrapping up in a blanket with a warm cup of tea on a cold day. But how does the cup warm your hand? The warm cup of tea warms my hand due to conduction because the heat from the cup of tea touches my hand transferring the heat from it to my hand 4) Most of us have gotten into a car that has been sitting in the sun. What makes the seats so hot? The seats in a car that has been sitting in the sun are hot because of radiation the sun’s rays are radiating causing the seats to heat up 5) Three identical blocks are pushed together. The starting temperature of each is shown. How will thermal energy transfer among the blocks? Will thermal energy eventually stop flowing? Thermal energy will transfer from the 100 c to the 60 c to the 20 c and will stop flowing when thermal equilibrium is reached. 6) A heated rock is placed in a container of water that is cooler than room temperature. Describe how thermal energy will transfer in this system containing the rock, a container of water, and the air in the room. Thermal energy will transfer from the rock to the water due to conduction  Unit 8 and 9 Test Prep 1. Energy from the Sun reaches Earth mainly by the process of A. conduction B. convection C. reflection D. radiation 2. When placed in direct sunlight, which object will absorb the most visible light energy? A. a piece of clear glass B. a snowball C. a shiny mirror D. a black sweater 3. Which example best demonstrates the process of conduction? A. A piece of paper is torn in half. B. Warmed air rises above a lit candle. C. A metal spoon gets warm when used to stir hot soup. D. Sunlight brightens a dark room. 4. Which process transfers heat when particles collide in a solid? A. convection B. conduction C. radiation D. evaporation 5. Warm air rising in the atmosphere is an example of heat being transferred by A. absorption B. conduction C. convection D. radiation 6. A wet shirt is put on a clothesline to dry on a sunny day. The shirt dries because water molecules A. gain heat energy and condense B. gain heat energy and evaporate C. lose heat energy and condense D. lose heat energy and evaporate 7. When a steel block at 1000 C is placed on top of a copper block at 200 C, the thermal energy of the copper begins to increase. Which of the following is the source of this increase in energy? A. the work done by the molecules within the copper B. the work done by the interaction of the two metals C. heat flowing by means of conduction D. heat flowing by means of radiation 8. A container of cold water is dumped into a larger container of hot water. It is mixed and then left alone for a long time interval. The water temperature is found to A. randomly vary from region to region in the container. B. be uniform throughout the container. C. fluctuate at all positions in the container. D. be greater at the bottom of the container. 9. A local recreation center has received funding to build a swimming pool. After construction, the center will be responsible for all costs associated with pool operation. As a result, the center must consider a variety of design options, including pool size, location and heating. What happens to water molecules in a pool as they absorb energy? A. The molecules occupy less volume. B. The molecules begin to move more slowly. C. The kinetic energy of the atoms decreases. D. The rate of collision between molecules increases. 10. In 1742, Benjamin Franklin designed a wood-burning stove to heat rooms. The front of the stove was open, allowing heat to spread into a room. The back of the stove was closed, but had an air intake that increased air circulation. Fires lit in traditional fireplaces received less oxygen than those lit in Franklin stoves. What effect does a lit Franklin stove have on the air molecules in a room? A. decreases their mass B. increases their speed C. decreases their volume D. increases their energy loss 11. If a ceramic cup is placed on top of a lit Franklin stove, it will gradually heat up. What is the mode of heat transfer from the Franklin stove to the ceramic cup? A. radiation B. convection C. conduction D. sublimation 12. Which of the following is an example of heat transfer by conduction? A. a whole metal spoon getting hot when one end is in hot soup B. the inside of a car in the sun getting very hot C. a tar road getting hotter in the sun than a concrete sidewalk D. a fireplace fire heating a room on a cold day 13. Four containers of water with different temperatures are placed on a table as shown below. The temperature of the room is 250C. After four hours, which beaker of water will have exchanged the most heat energy with the environment? A. W B. X C. y D. Z 14. A student in a laboratory transfers a beaker containing a hot solution from the lab table to a cool water bath. Which of the following parts of the system experiences an increase in heat energy? A. beaker B. lab table C. solution D. water bath 15. A pot of cold water was heated on a stove until the water boiled. Which of the following best explains why the water was able to boil? A. The hot stove absorbed cold from the pot. B. The cold water absorbed heat from the pot. C. The hot stove gave off heat to the surrounding air. D. The cold water gave off cold to the surrounding air. 16. During an investigation, Steven filled two cups with the same amount of water and placed them in a 200C room for 30 minutes. Cup 1 was filled with 50C water. Cup 2 was filled with 350C water. The diagram below shows the temperatures of the cups at the beginning of the investigation. Which of the following graphs shows how the temperatures of the two cups of water most likely changed over 30 minutes? A. B. C. D. 17. Four different-colored blocks are placed outside in bright sunlight. The blocks are identical except for color. The diagram below shows the amount of light reflected from each block. Which block will increase in temperature most rapidly? A. block 1 B. block 2 C. block 3 D. block 4 18. A teacher put one test tube of 500C liquid and one test tube of 100C liquid into a 200C water bath, as shown in the diagram below. Which of the following diagrams best represents the directions that heat will move when the test tubes are placed into the water bath? A. B. C. D. 19. The illustration below shows four containers. Each container is full of helium gas at a different temperature. If all of the containers are closed and have a pressure of 1 atm, which container has helium particles with the greatest average kinetic energy? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 20. Which of the following helps explain why honey dissolves more rapidly in hot water than in cold water? A. The honey and hot water form more covalent bonds. B. The hot water is more chemically reactive with the honey. C. The honey breaks down into free atoms more quickly in the hot water. D. The greater motion of hot water molecules disperses the honey more quickly. 21. Which of the following describes how a microwave oven heats food? A. The oven's interior reflects heat onto the food. B. The oven's interior, like a lens, focuses heat onto the food. C. Water molecules in the food reflect energy from microwave radiation. D. Water molecules in the food absorb the energy of microwave radiation. 22. The illustration below represents an experiment in which a hot object is added to a container of water at room temperature. The water is continuously stirred while the hot object is immersed in it. Which of the following graphs best shows the temperature changes that follow? A. B. C. D. 23. Which of the following figures correctly shows the conduction of heat within the system of metal blocks? A. B. C. D. 24. A heated rock is placed in a container of water that is cooler than room temperature. Which of the following statements best describes what happens? A. Cold is removed from the container of water until the rock, the container, and the water all reach the same final temperature. B. The heated rock loses heat to the container of water until the rock, the container, and the water all reach the same final temperature. C. The heated rock loses heat to the container of water until the rock, the container, and the water each reach a different final temperature. D. Cold is removed from the container of water until the rock, the container, and the water each reach a final temperature lower than their original temperatures. 25. A cup containing 25 mL of hot water and a similar cup containing 25 mL of cold water are placed on a table in a room at 210C. Which of the following graphs shows the most likely change in temperature for each cup from 0 min to 40 min? A. B. C. D. 26. Which of the following is an example of heat transfer by conduction? A. sunlight heating a floor B. an electric stove heating an iron pan C. a wood stove heating nearby objects through electromagnetic waves D. an electric heater heating air, which rises and is replaced with cooler air 27. An architect knows that a home receiving a lot of exposure to the Sun will benefit from the heating effects of sunlight if there is a lot of glass in the home's design. By which of the following methods will sunlight heat the home? A. conduction B. convection C. evaporation D. radiation 28. The drawing below shows a cross section of an insulated bottle filled with hot coffee. Several arrows labeled W, X, Y, and Z are drawn to show possible paths for heat transfer. This insulated bottle was filled with hot coffee and allowed to sit at room temperature for several hours. The temperature of the coffee cooled from 860C to 580C. Which of the following best represents the heat transfer path by conduction as the coffee cools? A. W B. X C. y D. Z 29. A student touches a metal sink with her finger and notices that her finger feels cold. Which of the following statements explains this observation? A. Heat energy flows from the student's finger to the metal sink. B. Heat energy flows from the metal sink to the student's finger. C. The student's finger was originally at the same temperature as the sink. D. The student's finger was originally at a lower temperature than the sink. 30. The drawing below shows a person sitting on a sofa in front of a fireplace. Which of the following are the primary modes of heat transfer from the fire in the fireplace to the person? A. radiation and convection B. radiation and condensation C. convection and conduction D. conduction and condensation 31. Which of the following is the best example of conductive heat transfer? A. sunlight warming sand on a beach B. a fan blowing hot air around a room C. warm water vapor rising from a hot tub D. a hot water bottle resting on a person's back 32. Heat energy from the Sun is transferred to Earth primarily by which of the following processes? A. conduction B. convection C. evaporation D. radiation 33. An iron bar is placed in a flame, as shown below, and heated until the end glows. The other end of the iron bar soon becomes hot, too. Which of the following statements best describes what happens? A. A convective flow of energy is set up inside the iron bar. B. Energy is conducted from atom to atom along the length of the iron bar. C. Radiation moves through the iron bar and is absorbed by the end not in the flame. D. Air heated by the flame radiates down the iron bar and heats the end not in the flame. 34. A cup of tea with a temperature of 800 C is placed on a table in a 200 C room. What happens to the thermal energy and molecular motion of the tea when it is left on the table? A. The thermal energy increases and the molecules move faster. B. The thermal energy decreases and the molecules move faster. C. The thermal energy increases and the molecules move more slowly. D. The thermal energy decreases and the molecules move more slowly. 35. Much of the heat produced by a fireplace is carried up the chimney by rising air. Which of the following processes is responsible for this loss of heat energy to the outside environment? A. conduction B. convection C. evaporation D. radiation 36. When a person's sweat evaporates, the person feels cooler. Which of the following statements best describes why sweating helps the person feel cool? A. Heat is absorbed by sweat when it evaporates. B. Heat is absorbed by the body when sweat evaporates. C. The temperature of the water in sweat goes down when it evaporates. D. The temperature of the water in the body goes up when sweat evaporates. 37. Which of the following statements best explains how heat flows by conduction? A. A large mass of air begins to move faster. B. Energy is transferred by electromagnetic waves. C. Energy is transferred from molecule to molecule. D. A large mass of warm air rises, replacing the cooler air above. 38. Calorimeters are instruments used to measure heat. The diagrams below show a calorimeter before a metal sample is added and after the sample is added. Calorimeter Before Calorimeter After Which of the following statements describes the flow of heat energy after the metal sample is added? A. Heat energy flows from the stirrer to the thermometer. B. Heat energy flows from the water to the metal sample. C. Heat energy flows from the metal sample to the water. D. Heat energy flows from the insulation to the thermometer. 39. The illustration below shows two heat lamps being used to keep food warm. In which way does most of the heat from the lamps reach the food? A. by conduction B. by evaporation C. by radiation D. by resistance 40. A teacher carefully places some objects into very hot water. After one minute, which item is most likely too hot to touch? A. a cloth napkin B. a metal spoon C. a plastic pencil D. a wooden stick 41. A student heated a pan of soup on a stove. While stirring the soup with a metal spoon, the student noticed the spoon became very warm. What is the most likely reason the spoon became warm? A. The stirring action heated the spoon. B. Warm air in the room heated the spoon. C. Heat from the soup was transferred to the spoon. D. The student's hand transferred heat to the spoon. 42. Sara was baking a cake in an oven. When she opened the door to the oven to check on the cake, she felt hot air rushing by her. Which type of heat transfer did Sara notice when she opened the oven door? A. Radiation B. Refraction C. Convection D. Conduction 43. Energy from the Sun causes Earth's atmosphere to heat up. Eventually, the air begins to move due to the differences in heat. What type of energy flow is occurring when the air begins to move? A. Radiation B. Reflection C. Convection D. Conduction 44. Trishon placed a glass of ice cubes on the table. The temperature inside the glass was 0 degrees Celsius (0 C). Thirty minutes later, the glass contained water and smaller ice cubes at a temperature of 40 C. Before After Which best describes a transfer of energy that occurred as the ice melted? A. The water transferred heat to the air. B. Ice transferred heat to the glass. C. Air transferred heat to the ice. D. The glass transferred heat to the table. 45. How does ice cool a warm drink? A. Cold flows from the ice to the drink. B. Heat flows from the ice to the drink. C. Cold flows from the drink to the ice. D. Heat flows from the drink to the ice. 46. A person places a metal spoon that is at room temperature into a bowl of hot soup. How will the thermal energies of the spoon and the soup be affected? A. The spoon will increase in thermal energy, and the soup will decrease in thermal energy. B. Both the spoon and the soup will increase in thermal energy. C. The spoon will decrease in thermal energy, and the soup will increase in thermal energy. D. Both the spoon and the soup will decrease in thermal energy. 47. A metal spoon is used to stir a pot of boiling water. The person holding the metal spoon feels the spoon get hot. Which best describes the transfer of heat in the spoon? A. radiation B. electrical C. conduction D. convection 48. A pot is heated on a stove. Which process causes the metal handle of the pot to also become hot? A. combustion B. convection C. radiation D. conduction 49. During the day, the sand at the beach is very warm; while at night, it is cooler. Why does this occur? A. The sand reflects the sun's energy during the day, causing it to become warmer. B. The sand absorbs the sun's energy during the day, causing it to become warmer. C. The sand scatters the sun's energy during the day, causing it to become warmer. D. The sand refracts the sun's energy during the day, causing it to become warmer. 50. A chef pours a cup of rice into a pot of boiling water and observes the rice swirling around in the pot. Which of the following explains the cause of this action? A. Heat transfer by radiation makes the rice vibrate. B. The rice is carried along by conduction. C. The chef stirred the pot before the rice was added. D. The rice is carried along by convection currents. 51. A student is using a metal wire to toast marshmallows in a campfire. Which statement best explains why the wire feels hot after several minutes? A. Heat is transferred from the fire through the wire by conduction. B. Heat is transferred from the fire through the wire by radiation. C. Hot air from the fire is circulated by conduction. D. Hot air from the fire is circulated by radiation. 52. Three identical blocks are pushed together. The starting temperature of each is shown. Which traces the transfer of thermal energy among the blocks? A. X←Y←Z B. X→Y←Z C. X→Y→Z D. X ← Y → Z 53. Three metal cubes are heated to the temperatures shown and placed in contact with one another on a nonconducting surface. The picture below shows the cubes next to one another and their temperatures. In which direction does thermal energy begin to flow between the metal cubes? A. B. C. D.