The Scientific Method of Thinking - Science Activities PDF

The Scientific Method of Thinking - Overview Agenda (1) Objectives Application / Activity How/Where - Introduction: Explain what the goal of - Notebook science through defining “Science” and discussing it...

The Scientific Method of Thinking - Overview Agenda (1) Objectives Application / Activity How/Where - Introduction: Explain what the goal of - Notebook science through defining “Science” and discussing its importance. - Outline steps scientists use to solve - Video / PPT. - Board problems - List the steps - Notebook - Practice the Scientific Method of - Let’s do it Activity - Practicum/ Hands on Thinking - Worksheet - Wrap Up - Check Answers - Peer Review - Submit Worksheet - Google Classroom - Clean Up - Classroom What is the goal of Science? - Science is the process of learning about the natural world through observation and experimentation. - Scientists use evidence, along with active thinking, to explain what is happening in the natural world. - It is an important part of our society because: # It helps to understand the world around us. # It provides solutions to problems that we face. What are the steps that scientists follow to solve a problem? Task 1: Watch the following Video: What are the steps that scientists follow to solve a problem? Task 2: In your Notebooks, List the steps scientists use to solve problems. ** Check for understanding: Share answers Notebook check (Elbow check) Applying the scientific method of Thinking : “Let’s do it” Activity Description: This Activity is a step by step teacher driven activity and is divided into 2 parts: Part 1: You are asked to observe the sample with the teacher, then in the google doc shared with you on google classroom, answer some questions as directed by the teacher Part 2: Provided with some tools and material, you need to carry out an investigation as explained in the shared google doc. This part is a PAIR WORK. Then keep answering the questions on the doc. As directed by the teacher. Material Needed: - Part 1: Google Doc shared on Google Classroom + Laptop - Part 2: Material provided by the teacher + Google doc + Laptop Group Set Up: Pair Work. Submit your personal lab report once you are done.  The Orange Juice Investigation Mini Lab Report In Front of you, There are 2 cups of Orange Juice. It is said that those two Juices have been prepared from the same brand of Orange Juice powder and that they have the same amount of water. The 2 cups are of the same size. Both Juices also have the same temperature. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vHzVKflED_1ELBOODT10-Ko8qyypxEWxqK3hbo6_cKM/edit?usp=shari ng  The Orange Juice Investigation Mini Lab Report I- Infer / Observe - Do you notice any difference between the 2 similar orange juices? If Yes! What is that difference? https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vHzVKflED_1ELBOODT10-Ko8qyypxEWxqK3hbo6_cKM/edit?usp=shari ng  The Orange Juice Investigation Mini Lab Report II- Ask a question / Form Hypothesis - It says in the heading that the 2 juices are supposedly the same, can you suggest a logic / scientific explanation for the difference you observed? (Hypothesis) The 2 juices look different because may be ………………………………… - Now, using the information above and your answer, put this information in the form of a Question and put the proposed suggestion as the answer to this question: Question : Answer (Hypothesis) : https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vHzVKflED_1ELBOODT10-Ko8qyypxEWxqK3hbo6_cKM/edit?usp=sharing  The Orange Juice Investigation Mini Lab Report III- Test Hypothesis - If you are provided with some tools and material as the ones supplied to you in your group, How can you use these tools and materials to prove if the suggested answer / Hypothesis you have given is true or not? What will you do to validate your suggestion? - Outline detailed steps you will follow to validate your Hypothesis. 1- 2- 3- https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vHzVKflED_1ELBOODT10-Ko8qyypxEWxqK3hbo6_cKM/edit?usp=sharing  The Orange Juice Investigation Mini Lab Report IV- Collect / Organize Data - Talk about the outcome of the steps you followed with reference to observations made while you are carrying out your investigation. What did you notice or find out. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vHzVKflED_1ELBOODT10-Ko8qyypxEWxqK3hbo6_cKM/edit?usp=sharing  The Orange Juice Investigation Mini Lab Report V- Draw Conclusion - Has your Hypothesis been proved or disproved? Discuss https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vHzVKflED_1ELBOODT10-Ko8qyypxEWxqK3hbo6_cKM/edit?usp=sharing The Scientific Method of Thinking - Steps 1,2,3 Agenda (2) Objectives Application / Activity How/Where/Duration Warm Up: - Bonus Hunting - Class discussion - What is Science? What are the steps used in - Notebook Scientific method of thinking? - List steps scientist follow to solve problems. - Compare and Contrast Inference & - The Rotten Bread - Class Discussion Hypothesis Investigation - Notebook - How to ask a good research question - Writing definitions, - Worksheet similarities & differences. - Practicing the meaning of a good research question - Wrap Up: Inference or Hypothesis - Kahoot Game - Kahoot Website What are the steps in the scientific method of Thinking?  Step 1 : Infer Observe Step 2: Ask A question Step 3: Form a Hypothesis  Steps 1,2, 3: The Rotten Bread Investigation In the picture above, there are two loaves of toast. They are exactly the same size and same brand. Suggest the following based on the picture above: a) An observation / An Inference : b) A good research question c) A hypothesis :  Compare (similarities) and Contrast Inference & Hypothesis Definition: - Inference is.. a logical explanation based on prior knowledge. - Hypothesis is… a logical explanation based on scientific research/ Asking a question on the how, why, what.. Similarity: - both are logical explanations/ guesses. Difference: - Hypothesis has to be proven by an investigation or an experiment. https://create.kahoot.it/share/the-scientific-method-s teps-1-2/f07aeeeb-8f0d-49be-934e-e9a1c7082a85 The Scientific Method of Thinking - Step 4: Test Hypothesis/ Experiment - Overview Agenda (2) Objectives Application / Activity How/Where/Duration Warm Up: - Bonus Hunting - Class discussion - What is Science? What are the steps used in Scientific method of thinking? - What are the characteristics of a good research question? - What is the difference between Inference and Hypothesis? - Using the previous example : “The Rotten Bread - The Rotten Bread - Class Discussion Experiment, discuss factors to be considered Investigation, - Worksheet when conducting a test to an Investigation or an teacher driven - Board accurate experiment. activity worksheet - Notebook - Controlled Experiment Vocab. List Wrap Up: (**Optional) - Video - Kahoot Website - Conducting a controlled experiment - Open ended questions of prev. Worksheet - Worksheet - Worksheet/Notebook  Steps 1,2, 3: The Rotten Bread Investigation In the picture above, there are two loaves of toast. They are exactly the same size and same brand. Suggest the following based on the picture above: a) An observation / An Inference : b) A good research question: c) A hypothesis :  Steps 1,2, 3: The Rotten Bread Investigation In the picture above, there are two loaves of toast. They are exactly the same size and same brand. Suggest the following based on the picture above: a) An observation / An Inference : one loaf is rotten or one loaf shows mold b) A good research question: Does the storing temperature of toast affect the growth of mold on its surface? c) A hypothesis : if a loaf of toast is stored on shelf at room temperature (25℃), It will develop mold compared to a similar loaf stored in fridge at (2 ℃) for the same amount of time  The Rotten Bread Experiment How could you check that your Hypothesis is correct and valid? - This will be done by carrying out an EXPERIMENT.  Conducting a controlled Experiment (Teacher driven Activity) Description: This Activity is a step by step teacher driven activity: Based on the Rotten Bread picture, and based on your previous postulations regarding a good inference, research question and a formulated hypothesis we did before, you are asked to follow the questions posted in the shared google classroom and answer the questions, one by one following the teacher’s directions. Once you are done, you need to submit this document. This is a graded classwork assignment. Material Needed: - Google Doc shared on Google Classroom + Laptop Group Set Up: Individual https://docs.google.com/document/d/16mSW9hlQrybRP2CzAgJegcR8ijCsQRAf_vwftCM29NE/edit?usp =sharing  Step 4: Test Hypothesis Vocab List In order to conduct an accurate experiment, there are several factors (variables) that need to be decided and considered,: - Constants / Controlled Variable: These are variables that stay the same throughout all the trials of an investigation. This is to ensure fair comparison. - Independent Variable: This is the factor being tested/manipulated. You change it with your own hands. This is the only factor that is different between one test and its comparison. It is also called the Manipulated variable. - Dependent variable: This is the factor that will be measured accordingly. This factor changes in response to changing the independent variable. It is also called the Responding variable. - Control: Carrying out the experiment/ investigation but without the independent variable. This is used as a reference to which we compare the results. Step 4: How to conduct a controlled Experiment The Scientific Method of Thinking - Step 4: Test Hypothesis/ Experiment - Practice Agenda (2) Objectives Application / Activity How/Where/Duration Warm Up: - Video - Class discussion - Revise on areas previously discussed. - Review Factors needed to conduct a - Crossword Puzzle - Worksheet/ Notebook controlled Experiment - Discussing units and measurements used to - PPT - Notebook describe variables involved in a conducted investigation, and visiting the technique of unit conversions. Wrap Up: - Table of comparison - Google Classroom / - Identification and application of factors needed showing examples of google doc worksheet to conduct an accurate experiment some investigation Variables in an Investigation Crossword Puzzle (Activity 1) - You are provided with a crossword puzzle that you need to solve. - Once you are done check your answer with answer key displayed on the board, then stick the crossword in your notebook. Measurements and Units (Activity 2) - There are different types of measurements that we can carry out when doing an investigation or an experiment. - In the upcoming activity, we will learn about different types of measurements , the tools and units for it. - While we are going through the slides, you are asked to access “Measurements and Units” document distributed by the teacher and fill it in following teacher’s directions. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-Hf7r180IOql L4HpFUnl6PedrwVoxU1JEFxW5RwANno/edit?usp=sh aring 1- Length Definition: - Length is the measurement of how long something is from end to end. - It is the distance between 2 points. Tool: - Ruler, measuring tape, or meter stick Unit: - Meter (m) in the metric system, Foot (ft) in the imperial system Conversion Scale: 1 meter=100 centimeters 1 meter=1000 millimeters 2- Mass Definition: - The amount of matter in an object Tool: - Balance or scale Unit: - Kilogram (kg) in metric, Pound (lb) in imperial Conversion Scale: 1 kilogram=1000 grams, 1 kilogram≈2.2 pounds 1 kilogram≈2.2 pounds 3- Time Definition: - How long it takes something to happen Tool: - Clock or stopwatch Unit: - Second (s) Conversion Scale: 1 minute=60 seconds, 1 hour=60 minutes 4- Temperature Definition: - The degree of hotness or coldness of an object or environment Tool: - Thermometer Unit: - Celsius (°C) in metric - Fahrenheit (°F) in imperial - Kelvin (K) in scientific measurements 5- Area and Volume Definition: - Area: amount of space inside the boundaries of an object - Volume: Space occupied by an object. Tool: - Area: Calculated using length measurements ( ruler ) = L x W - Volume: Measuring cups, graduated cylinders or Calculated using length measurements ( ruler ) = Lx W x H Unit: - Area: Square meters (m²) or square feet (ft²) - Volume: Cubic meters (m³) or liters (L) for liquids Variables in an Investigation (Activity 3) - You will need to access a google doc shared with you on google classroom. - In this document you are provided with some examples of lab investigations and research questions. You need to fill in the corresponding columns with the different variables addressed in those investigations. - Once you are done with your table, submit your document to be graded. https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kHp82MknFp RzuxEYClCNgFALa_HX_-Xa_FC6uCjUVVE/edit?usp=s haring The Scientific Method of Thinking - Step 5&6: Collecting,organizing and analysing data Drawing conclusions Agenda Objectives Application / Activity How/Where/Duration - Recall the scientific methods of thinking steps. - Bonus Hunting - Q&A - Compare and contrast the 2 different ways to - Think, pair, share - class discussion test hypotheses through class discussion and - ppt presentation ppt presentation - What is Data? - PPT - Board - Notebook - Activity 1: Discuss different techniques used to - Poster COnstruction - Poster collect data - Wrap Up : Data collection poster presentation - Poster Presentation - Class Discussion Think, Pair, Share: - What is one way scientists use to test a hypothesis? - Suggest another/ alternative way? - Testing Hypothesis is most of the time done through conducting an experiment. - Sometimes conducting an experiment is not possible. It could be difficult to carry out or unethical. “Ex: Lack of tooth brushing cause bacteria to grow on teeth” - In this experiment, you need to ask people to stop brushing their teeth to see if bacteria will grow. This is unethical because it will harm the people volunteering to do the experiment. In this case we can not conduct an experiment, but we may ask people who brush their teeth and record observations then ask others who don’t brush their teeth about their teeth condition, then record our data and comparisons. - In this case, testing hypothesis is through doing an investigation, recording observations to collect the needed data. - Thus testing hypothesis is either through conducting an experiment or recording observations to collect the needed data like surveys and questionnaires, if doing an experiment is not applicable. Data - Information collected in an investigation - There are 2 types of data to be collected: a) Quantitative data: data expressed or measured in numbers ex: the length of a plant stem b) Qualitative data: descriptive types of data ex: how much hyperactive a person is.  Collecting and Organizing Data Description: Using the provided video and rubric, construct a poster that is presenting different ways used to collect and organize data in an investigation. You can also web search information. When your poster is ready, take a picture and upload it to the assignment on google classroom. Then you are asked to present your poster to your colleagues. Please be aware that the grade for this poster is a summative grade, accordingly check the rubric carefully. Material Needed: - Poster + poster materials - Laptops - Rubric: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KlovkcsHNINgfuoUrgwkYhBd6BTnDeMFne_fXNXrCio/edit?usp=sha ring - Video (optional) : https://youtu.be/q17s84ADGfA?si=FbNUN98uWnvXGLNu Group Set Up: Group of 3 or 4  Collecting and Organizing Data 1- Collecting Data Collecting Data is ways to gather information about a topic. One investigation could use one method or several methods together.  Collecting and Organizing Data 1- Surveys collecting data by asking people directly. It is through : a) Questionnaires: Most common with quantitative data people can fill themselves In the form of multiple choice questions or grading scales People can not freely express themselves  Collecting and Organizing Data 2- Direct Observation Direct gathering of data without depending on others input. Conducted in real time. Recorded by taking notes or recording voice or video memos. Could be qualitative observations or quantitative observations (recording numbers). It is clear as it records what people really do not what  Collecting and Organizing Data 3- Collecting a sample of text to be analyzed …. Used in media and mass communication. Ex: speeches / articles / social media posts. 4- Using special computer applications Used in Psychology Ex: eye tracking / IQ tests / neuroimaging 5- Tests and assignments  Collecting and Organizing Data 6- Laboratory experiment Used in Physical sciences Involves the use of scientific instruments for measuring stuff. 7- Secondary Data Data that has been previously collected by others. Used when there is no time or conditions are not suitable to collect primary data. Primary data is data collected and analyzed for the first time.  MAKING & RECORDING OBSERVATIONS p.2/4 May include: drawings, tables, graphs, diagrams, written observations, photographs or even sound recordings.  Collecting and Organizing Data 2- Organizing Data Organizing data is a technique to present your collected data in a clear organized manner, easy to understand and analyze. Pictures and mind maps are examples There are many other ways used to organize collected data: Collecting and Organizing Data 2- Organizing Data 1- Data Tables Collecting and Organizing Data 2- Organizing Data 2- Charts Collecting and Organizing Data 2- Organizing Data 3- Graphs