Sensation & Perception Intro 3.4 PDF

Sensation & Perception Intro 3.4 Agenda - Warm Up - 5 Mins Vision Notes 25 Mins Notes Review 10 Mins Eye Poster 35 Mins Presentations 10 Mins  5 Mins Warm Up: Close your eyes an...

Sensation & Perception Intro 3.4 Agenda - Warm Up - 5 Mins Vision Notes 25 Mins Notes Review 10 Mins Eye Poster 35 Mins Presentations 10 Mins  5 Mins Warm Up: Close your eyes and do not open them until I say otherwise. While your eyes are closed I want you to clear your mind as best possible. Now answer the following: What do you see while your eyes are closed? Explain the sensation of what you are experiencing and seeing while your eyes are closed. Respond in 3-4 sentences.  THE SCIENCE OF SEEING A large part of our brain is devoted to processing visual input Vision is the Dominant Sense  THE SCIENCE OF SEEING Light travels through the eye  THE SCIENCE OF SEEING Cornea: Transparent, dome-like structure on the front part of the eye, gives the eye focusing or refracting power Bends lights toward the center of the eyeball  THE SCIENCE OF SEEING Pupil: The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters, controls the amount of light that enters into the eye Iris: A ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening (colored part of eye) Brown eyes are the most common eye color in the world with over 55% of the world's population having brown eyes  THE SCIENCE OF SEEING Crystalline Lens: The transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina, focus eye on near or far objects  THE SCIENCE OF SEEING Retina: Light-sensitive layer that lines the back of the eye Retina contains photoreceptors that absorb light and then transmits those signals through the optic nerve to the brain It is only 0.2 mm thick and is about the size of a silver dollar. The retina is made up of 200 million neurons.  THE SCIENCE OF SEEING Photoreceptors: Convert light energy to electrochemical neural impulses that are conducted to our brain Photoreceptors are called Rods and Cones Our retina contains 120 million rods and about 1 million code photoreceptors  THE SCIENCE OF SEEING Afterimage: Describes the continuation of a visual sensation after removal of the stimulus This slide is intentionally left blank. This slide is intentionally left blank.  THE SCIENCE OF SEEING The Retina-Photoreceptors Cones: Light-detecting cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina and that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions, directly involved in our ability to perceive color Cones are concentrated in the fovea, where images tend to be focused  THE SCIENCE OF SEEING The Retina-Photoreceptors Rods: Specialized photoreceptors that work well in low light conditions, involved in our vision in dimly lit environments as well as in our perception of movement on the periphery of our visual field Rods and cones are connected (via several interneurons) to retinal ganglion cells  THE SCIENCE OF SEEING Optic Nerve: The nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain (cross to opposite side of brain, once inside the brain, visual information is sent via a number of structures to the occipital lobe at the back of the brain for processing)  THE SCIENCE OF SEEING Blind Spot: The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a “blind” spot because no receptor cells are located there Saccade, eyes have rapid movement from side to side to help fill in missing information created by the blind spot  THE SCIENCE OF SEEING Young-Helmholtz Trichromatic (three-color) Theory: There are three receptors in the retina responsible for the perception of color (green, blue, red) Colors red, blue, and green can be combined to create all colors of light  THE SCIENCE OF SEEING Color-Deficient Vision: They simply lack functioning red-or green-sensitive cones or sometimes both, missing cones that response to a specific color Monochromatic (one-color) or dichromatic (two-color) instead of trichromatic, making it impossible to distinguish the red and green People who are color blind see the color they are definicent in as a share of muted gray or brown