Nursing Care of the High Risk Newborn to Maturity PDF

NURSING CARE OF THE HIGH RISK NEWBORN SIGNS OF PREMATURITY INCLUDE: diminished nonspecific (inflammatory) and specific (humoral) TO MATURITY (not all premature babies will have these characte...

NURSING CARE OF THE HIGH RISK NEWBORN SIGNS OF PREMATURITY INCLUDE: diminished nonspecific (inflammatory) and specific (humoral) TO MATURITY (not all premature babies will have these characteristics) immunity, such as impaired 5.​ Hyperbilirubinemia 1. Body hair (lanugo) 1.​ Problems related to maturity - refers to an excessive level of accumulated bilirubin in the 2. Abnormal breathing patterns (shallow, irregular pauses in blood and is characterized by jaundice or icterus, a yellowish a. Prematurity - in infant born before completion of 37 weeks gestation, regardless of birth weight breathing called apnea) discoloration of the skin or other organs. It may result from increased unconjugated or conjugated bilirubin. 3. Enlarged clitoris (female infant) Factors: 6.​ Sudden Death Syndrome 4. Problems breathing due to immature lungs (neonatal - sudden death of an infant under 1 year of age. The time of 1.)​ Multiple Gestation 2.)​ Pregnancy Induced Hypertension respiratory distress syndrome) or pneumonia death is during sleep. It is common in premature infants 3.)​ Placental Problem 5. Lower muscle tone and less activity than full-term infants especially Low birth weight, neonates with low APGAR score, and infants with CNS disturbance and respiratory 6. Problem feeding due to difficulty sucking or coordinating Characteristics: disorders. Feeding habits are also one of the causes of swallow and breathing SIDS. 1.​ Skin - translucent, smooth, shiny (edematous), visible blood vessels 7. Less body fat 2.​ Posture - relaxed attitude leaves more extended. 8. Small scrotum, smooth without ridges, and undescended WHY do premature newborns need special care? The body size is small. The head is somewhat -- A premature newborn is not fully ready to deal with our testicles (male infant) world. Their little bodies still have areas that need to mature larger in proportion to the body size. 3.​ Ear - cartilage are poorly developed in may fold 9. Soft, flexible ear cartilage and fully develop. Some of these areas include: easily 10. Thin, smooth, shiny skin, which is often transparent (can 1.​ Lungs 4.​ Sole - appears turgid, less creases 2.​ Digestive system see veins under skin) 5.​ Genitals 3.​ Immune system ​ (FEMALE) the clitoris is prominent, and 4.​ Skin PREMATURE INFANT the labia majora are Poorly developed and gaping. POSTMATURITY -​ are unable to maintain body temperature, have ​ (MALE) scrotum is undeveloped and not limited ability to excrete solutes in the urine, and -​ infant born of a extends beyond 42 weeks of pendulous. Minimal rugae testes maybe have an increased susceptibility to infection. gestation in the inguinal canals or in the abdominal cavity PHYSICAL MATURITY: GENITALIA Characteristics: 6.​ Lanugo - abundant over the body but sparse, fine 1.​ Males: testes descend near term; rugae visible on 1.​ Skin - often cracked, parchment like, and fuzzy on the head scrotum desquamating (change skin) 7.​ Vernix Caseosa - abundant over the body 2.​ Extreme prematurity. scrotum flat and smooth 2.​ Lanugo - absent ​ is the waxy white substance found 3.​ Term female: labia majora larger than clitorns & 3.​ Vernix Caseosa - absent or stained with meconium coating the skin of newborn labia minora 4.​ Hair - abundant 8.​ Testes undescended in a male; few rugae on 4.​ Preterm female: prominent clitoris & ang labia 5.​ Physical Appearance - wasted that reflect scrotum minora;smaller labia majora intrauterine nutritional deprivation 9.​ Labia majora narrow in females; prominent labia minora PROBLEMS OF PREMATURITY: Post Mature Infant are prone to fetal distress associated with 1.​ Apnea of Prematurity the decreasing efficiency of the placenta, macrosomia and 10.​ Minimal absent reflexes (sucking and swallowing - periodic breathers, of period slow breathing of rapid meconium reflex absent if born