Hospital Diets PDF

NCM 2243 STANDARD HOSPITAL DIETS Prepared by: CZAR CYRILL N. JACOBE, RN, MN  LEARNING OBJECTIVES YOU ARE EXPECTED TO: Describe the purpose Explain enteral and Demonstrate nursing and indications of parenteral feeding, responsibilities in standard hospital...

NCM 2243 STANDARD HOSPITAL DIETS Prepared by: CZAR CYRILL N. JACOBE, RN, MN  LEARNING OBJECTIVES YOU ARE EXPECTED TO: Describe the purpose Explain enteral and Demonstrate nursing and indications of parenteral feeding, responsibilities in standard hospital including their managing enteral diets and their indications, benefits, and parenteral appropriate patient and complications. feeding, including populations. monitoring and patient education. CCNJACOBE,2022 WHAT IS? CCNJACOBE, 2022 STANDARD HOSPITAL DIET A Standard Hospital Diet is defined as a diet designed to provide well-balanced nutrition that meets the daily requirements of most patients who do not require dietary modifications or restrictions due to medical conditions. According to Garrow et al. (2020), it typically includes a variety of foods from all the food groups in appropriate portions to maintain or improve a patient's health status during hospitalization. CCNJACOBE,2022 GENERAL DIETS CCNJACOBE, 2022 REGULAR / FULL DIET Definition: A balanced diet with no restrictions, designed to meet the nutritional needs of most people. Examples of Foods: Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, dairy. Typically Recommended For: Individuals without specific dietary restrictions or medical conditions. Contraindications: Not typically contraindicated unless specific dietary restrictions are required for a medical condition. CCNJACOBE,2022 HIGH FIBER DIET Definition: A diet rich in dietary fiber, typically recommending 25-30 grams of fiber per day. Examples of Foods: Whole grains, legumes, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds. Typically Recommended For: Patients with constipation, high cholesterol, diabetes, or those needing weight management. Contraindications: Patients with certain gastrointestinal disorders such as bowel obstructions or acute diverticulitis. CCNJACOBE,2022 VEGETARIAN DIET Definition: A diet excluding meat, and sometimes other animal products. Examples of Foods: Vegetables, fruits, grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, dairy (if not vegan). Typically Recommended For: Individuals seeking health benefits, ethical reasons, or environmental concerns. Contraindications: None specific, but careful planning is required for individuals with nutrient deficiencies. CCNJACOBE,2022 MODIFIED DIETS CCNJACOBE, 2022 CLEAR LIQUID DIET Definition: A diet consisting only of clear liquids, typically providing 600-900 kcal per day. Examples of Foods: Water, broth, clear juices, gelatin, popsicles. Typically Recommended For: Preoperative and postoperative patients, during acute gastrointestinal disturbances. Contraindications: Long-term use due to insufficient nutrients. CCNJACOBE,2022 FULL LIQUID DIET Definition: A diet consisting of liquids and foods that turn to liquid at room temperature. Examples of Foods: Milk, soups, ice cream, pudding, smoothies. Typically Recommended For: Patients transitioning from a clear liquid diet to solid foods. Contraindications: Long-term use due to potential nutrient deficiencies. CCNJACOBE,2022 COLD LIQUID FOR TONSILLECTOMY & ADENOIDECTOMY DIET Definition: A diet consisting of cold, non-irritating liquids and foods. Examples of Foods: Ice cream, milkshakes, cold broths, water. Typically Recommended For: Patients recovering from tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy. Contraindications: None specific, but avoid acidic or spicy foods. CCNJACOBE,2022 SOFT DIET Definition: A diet of soft, easy-to-chew and digest foods. Examples of Foods: Mashed potatoes, yogurt, applesauce, soft-cooked vegetables. Typically Recommended For: Patients with chewing or swallowing difficulties, postoperative recovery. Contraindications: None specific. CCNJACOBE,2022 MECHANICAL SOFT DIET Definition: A diet consisting of foods that are mechanically altered to be easy to chew and swallow. Examples of Foods: Ground meats, pureed fruits and vegetables, scrambled eggs. Typically Recommended For: Patients with dental problems, dysphagia, or after certain surgeries. Contraindications: None specific. CCNJACOBE,2022 BLAND DIET Definition: A diet avoiding spicy, fried, and raw foods, focusing on mild, non-irritating foods. Examples of Foods: Bananas, white rice, boiled chicken, plain pasta. Typically Recommended For: Patients with ulcers, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastritis. Contraindications: None specific. CCNJACOBE,2022 LOW FIBER DIET Definition: A diet low in dietary fiber, typically recommending less than 10-15 grams of fiber per day. Examples of Foods: White bread, white rice, cooked vegetables without skins, tender meats. Typically Recommended For: Patients with gastrointestinal disorders such as Crohn's disease, diverticulitis. Contraindications: Not suitable for individuals needing high fiber intake. CCNJACOBE,2022 HYPOALLERGENIC DIET Definition: A diet excluding common allergens such as dairy, eggs, nuts, wheat, soy, fish, and shellfish. Examples of Foods: Rice, quinoa, apples, chicken, sweet potatoes. Typically Recommended For: Patients with food allergies or intolerances. Contraindications: None specific, but needs careful planning to ensure nutritional adequacy. CCNJACOBE,2022 DIETS IN MODIFIED COMPOSITION CCNJACOBE, 2022 LOW CALORIE DIET Definition: A diet limiting caloric intake to promote weight loss, typically 1200-1500 kcal/day for women and 1500-1800 kcal/day for men. Examples of Foods: Lean proteins, non-starchy vegetables, whole grains, fruits in moderation. Typically Recommended For: Overweight or obese patients. Contraindications: Underweight individuals, certain medical conditions requiring higher caloric intake. CCNJACOBE,2022 HIGH CALORIE DIET Definition: A diet providing increased caloric intake to promote weight gain, typically above 2500 kcal/day. Examples of Foods: Nuts, seeds, avocados, whole grains, dairy products. Typically Recommended For: Patients with malnutrition, wasting diseases, or high energy requirements. Contraindications: Obesity, metabolic syndromes. CCNJACOBE,2022 LOW PROTEIN DIET Definition: A diet limiting protein intake, typically less than 0.6-0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. Examples of Foods: Fruits, vegetables, grains, low-protein bread and pasta. Typically Recommended For: Patients with chronic kidney disease. Contraindications: Malnutrition, conditions requiring high protein intake. CCNJACOBE,2022 HIGH PROTEIN DIET Definition: A diet rich in protein, typically recommending 1.2-2.0 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight. Examples of Foods: Lean meats, fish, eggs, dairy, legumes. Typically Recommended For: Athletes, patients recovering from surgery, elderly with muscle loss. Contraindications: Kidney disease without medical supervision. CCNJACOBE,2022 LOW FAT DIET Definition: A diet reducing fat intake, typically less than 30% of total daily calories from fat. Examples of Foods: Fruits, vegetables, lean meats, low-fat dairy products. Typically Recommended For: Patients with cardiovascular disease, high cholesterol, pancreatitis. Contraindications: Certain metabolic disorders requiring higher fat intake. CCNJACOBE,2022 LOW CHOLESTEROL DIET Definition: A diet limiting dietary cholesterol intake to less than 200 milligrams per day. Examples of Foods: Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins. Typically Recommended For: Patients with high cholesterol, cardiovascular disease. Contraindications: None specific. CCNJACOBE,2022 LOW CARBOHYDRATE DIET Definition: A diet limiting carbohydrate intake, typically less than 20-50 grams per day for strict low-carb diets. Examples of Foods: Meats, fish, eggs, non-starchy vegetables, nuts, seeds. Typically Recommended For: Weight loss, diabetes management, metabolic syndrome. Contraindications: Kidney disease, certain metabolic disorders. CCNJACOBE,2022 HIGH CARBOHYDRATE DIET Definition: A diet rich in carbohydrates, typically 55-60% of total daily calories from carbohydrates. Examples of Foods: Whole grains, fruits, vegetables, legumes. Typically Recommended For: Athletes, individuals needing high energy intake. Contraindications: Diabetes, insulin resistance. CCNJACOBE,2022 LOW SALT DIET Definition: A diet reducing sodium intake, typically less than 1500-2300 milligrams per day. Examples of Foods: Fresh fruits and vegetables, unprocessed meats, low-sodium products. Typically Recommended For: Patients with hypertension, heart disease, kidney disease. Contraindications: None specific. CCNJACOBE,2022 LOW POTASSIUM DIET Definition: A diet limiting potassium intake, typically less than 2000-3000 milligrams per day. Examples of Foods: Apples, berries, white rice, white bread, green beans. Typically Recommended For: Patients with kidney disease, certain heart conditions. Contraindications: Hypokalemia, conditions requiring high potassium intake. CCNJACOBE,2022 DIET WITH ADDITIONAL POTASSIUM Definition: A diet with added potassium, such as a regular diet plus one banana per meal. Examples of Foods: Bananas, oranges, potatoes, spinach. Typically Recommended For: Patients with hypokalemia or on potassium-depleting medications. Contraindications: Hyperkalemia, kidney disease. CCNJACOBE,2022 LOW PURINE DIET Definition: A diet reducing purine intake to manage uric acid levels. Examples of Foods: Low-fat dairy, eggs, fruits, vegetables, whole grains. Typically Recommended For: Patients with gout, hyperuricemia. Contraindications: None specific. CCNJACOBE,2022 GLUTEEN FREE DIET Definition: A diet excluding gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Examples of Foods: Rice, corn, quinoa, fruits, vegetables, meat. Typically Recommended For: Patients with celiac disease, gluten intolerance. Contraindications: None specific, but requires careful planning to avoid nutrient deficiencies. CCNJACOBE,2022 RESTRICTED RESIDUE DIET Definition: A diet limiting fiber and other indigestible residues. Examples of Foods: White bread, refined cereals, tender meats, clear juices. Typically Recommended For: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease, after certain surgeries. Contraindications: Long-term use due to potential nutrient deficiencies. CCNJACOBE,2022 LACTOSE-FREE DIET Definition: A diet excluding lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. Examples of Foods: Lactose-free milk, dairy alternatives (almond milk, soy milk), fruits, vegetables. Typically Recommended For: Patients with lactose intolerance. Contraindications: None specific. CCNJACOBE,2022 DIETS BASED ON THERAPEUTIC NEEDS CCNJACOBE, 2022 DYSPHAGIA DIET Definition: A diet designed to manage swallowing difficulties, often through texture modification to make food safer and easier to swallow. Examples of Foods: Pureed foods, thickened liquids, soft foods (e.g., scrambled eggs, mashed potatoes). Typically Recommended For: Patients with swallowing difficulties, such as those with neurological disorders, stroke recovery, or elderly individuals. Contraindications: Not suitable for individuals without swallowing difficulties or normal chewing and swallowing function. CCNJACOBE,2022 DIABETIC DIET Definition: A diet aimed at managing blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes, emphasizing the control of carbohydrate intake and balanced nutrition. Examples of Foods: Whole grains, lean proteins, non- starchy vegetables, fruits (in moderation). Typically Recommended For: Individuals with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. Contraindications: Requires adjustment for individuals with severe kidney disease or other comorbid conditions affecting glucose metabolism. CCNJACOBE,2022 RENAL DIET Definition: A diet focused on managing kidney function, limiting protein, potassium, sodium, and phosphorus to prevent kidney damage or reduce strain on the kidneys. Examples of Foods: Low-protein foods (such as certain vegetables and grains), restricted salt, and phosphorus- rich foods (e.g., dairy products and nuts). Typically Recommended For: Individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or those on dialysis. Contraindications: Not suitable for individuals with normal kidney function or those without renal issues. CCNJACOBE,2022 DASH DIET Definition: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet focuses on reducing sodium and increasing potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Examples of Foods: Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins. Typically Recommended For: Individuals with hypertension. Contraindications: None specific, but may require modification for individuals with specific conditions. CCNJACOBE,2022 NEUTROPENIC DIET Definition: A diet that limits foods that may carry bacteria, such as raw fruits and vegetables. Examples of Foods: Cooked vegetables, pasteurized dairy, well-cooked meats. Typically Recommended For: Immunocompromised patients (e.g., chemotherapy patients). Contraindications: Not suitable for healthy individuals. CCNJACOBE,2022 LOW GLYCEMIC DIET (BY DR. DAVID JENIKINS) Definition: A diet that limits foods that cause rapid spikes in blood sugar. Examples of Foods: Non-starchy vegetables, legumes, whole grains. Typically Recommended For: Diabetic patients or those seeking weight control. Contraindications: None specific. CCNJACOBE,2022 KETOGENIC DIET (BY DR. RUSSELL WILDER) Definition: A high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet aimed at inducing ketosis for weight loss or medical conditions. Examples of Foods: Meat, cheese, low-carb vegetables, oils. Typically Recommended For: Weight loss, epilepsy, or metabolic disorders. Contraindications: Not suitable for individuals with liver or kidney disease. CCNJACOBE,2022 ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DIET Definition: A diet focused on reducing inflammation, emphasizing omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants. Examples of Foods: Fatty fish, fruits, vegetables, nuts. Typically Recommended For: Patients with chronic inflammation, arthritis, or cardiovascular disease. Contraindications: None specific. CCNJACOBE,2022 NO DARK-COLORED FOODS DIET Definition: A diet avoiding dark-colored foods, particularly those that may irritate internal bleeding. Examples of Foods: Avoid dark berries, red meats, dark- colored sauces. Typically Recommended For: Patients with dengue or at risk for internal bleeding. Contraindications: Not needed for those not at risk for internal bleeding CCNJACOBE,2022 GUT & PSYCHOLOGY SYNDROME DIET (BY DR. NATASHA CAMPBELL-MCBRIDE) Definition: A diet aimed at improving gut health and addressing psychological issues by eliminating processed foods and additives. Examples of Foods: Bone broth, fermented foods, vegetables. Typically Recommended For: Individuals with digestive disorders, autism, or psychiatric issues. Contraindications: Not suitable for those with specific food sensitivities. CCNJACOBE,2022 FASTING DIET efinition: A diet that alternates between periods of eating and fasting, often for detoxification or weight loss. Examples of Foods: Varies depending on fasting schedule; may involve water, tea, or limited caloric intake during fasting periods. Typically Recommended For: Major Surgery, Weight loss, metabolic health. Contraindications: Not recommended for individuals with eating disorders, pregnant women, or individuals with certain medical conditions. CCNJACOBE,2022 OTHER SPECIAL DIETS CCNJACOBE, 2022 BRAT DIET Definition: A diet consisting of bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast. Examples of Foods: Bananas, rice, applesauce, toast. Typically Recommended For: Gastrointestinal distress (e.g., diarrhea, vomiting). Contraindications: Not appropriate for long-term use due to lack of variety and nutrients. CCNJACOBE,2022 ATKINS DIET (BY DR. ROBERT C. ATKINS) Definition: A low-carbohydrate, high-protein diet with four phases to promote weight loss. Phase 1 - Induction Phase 2 - Balancing Phase 3 - Pre-maintenance Phase 4 - Lifetime Maintenance Examples of Foods: Meat, cheese, non-starchy vegetables, eggs. Typically Recommended For: Weight loss, individuals seeking to manage blood sugar. Contraindications: May be contraindicated for individuals with kidney disease or metabolic disorders. CCNJACOBE,2022 PALEO DIET (BY DR. LOREN CORDAIN) Definition: A diet that excludes processed foods, grains, legumes, and dairy, focusing on foods that were available to our pre-agricultural ancestors. Examples of Foods: Meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, nuts. Typically Recommended For: Individuals seeking weight loss or improved health. Contraindications: May be difficult for individuals with specific nutrient needs or allergies. CCNJACOBE,2022 FLEXITARIAN DIET Definition: A flexible vegetarian diet that encourages plant-based foods but allows for occasional meat consumption. Examples of Foods: Vegetables, fruits, grains, beans, limited meat. Typically Recommended For: Individuals seeking a flexible, plant-based lifestyle. Contraindications: None specific. CCNJACOBE,2022 LOW FODMAP DIET (BY DR. SUE SHEPHERD) Definition: A diet that limits fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols to reduce digestive symptoms. Examples of Foods: Lean meats, eggs, certain fruits, vegetables. Typically Recommended For: Individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Contraindications: Not suitable for individuals without IBS. CCNJACOBE,2022 MIND DIET (BY DR. MARTHA CLARE MORRIS) Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay Definition: A diet combining elements of the Mediterranean and DASH diets to reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Examples of Foods: Leafy greens, berries, nuts, whole grains, olive oil. Typically Recommended For: Individuals at risk for Alzheimer's or other neurodegenerative diseases. Contraindications: None specific. CCNJACOBE,2022 ENTERAL TUBE FEEDING CCNJACOBE, 2022 ENTERAL TUBE FEEDING Enteral tube feeding is the delivery of liquid nutrition directly into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through a tube when a person is unable to consume food orally but has a functioning GI system. It is used to ensure adequate nutrition when swallowing is unsafe or impossible. CCNJACOBE,2022 ENTERAL TUBE FEEDING Purposes To provide nutrients, hydration, and medications to patients who cannot eat orally. To maintain or improve nutritional status in individuals who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. To provide continuous or bolus feeding when oral intake is insufficient or contraindicated. CCNJACOBE,2022 ENTERAL TUBE FEEDING Materials Needed 1. Enteral feeding tube (e.g., nasogastric tube (NGT), percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube, or jejunostomy tube (J-tube)). 2. Feeding formula (commercially prepared liquid nutrition tailored to the patient’s needs). 3. Syringes or feeding pumps for delivery. 4. Water for flushing the tube. 5. Adhesive or securing device to keep the tube in place. 6. pH test strips (for checking tube placement). 7. Gloves and sterile supplies for insertion and care. CCNJACOBE,2022 ENTERAL TUBE FEEDING Types 1. Nasogastric Tube (NGT): A tube inserted through the nose into the stomach, typically used for short-term feeding. 2. Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (PEG) Tube: A tube inserted through the abdominal wall into the stomach, used for long-term feeding. 3. Jejunostomy Tube (J-tube): A tube inserted into the small intestine, used when feeding directly into the stomach is not possible. CCNJACOBE,2022 ENTERAL TUBE FEEDING Benefits Ensures patients receive essential nutrients when they cannot eat. Reduces the risk of aspiration compared to oral feeding. Provides a method of feeding in a controlled and safe manner. Helps improve patient outcomes in terms of nutritional status, healing, and recovery. CCNJACOBE,2022 ENTERAL TUBE FEEDING Indications Impaired swallowing (due to neurological conditions, stroke, or head/neck surgery). Chronic conditions (such as cancer, dementia, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Anorexia or cachexia (from cancer, AIDS, or other wasting diseases). Intestinal obstruction where oral intake is not possible. Critical illness (e.g., comatose patients who need feeding for recovery). CCNJACOBE,2022 ENTERAL TUBE FEEDING Contraindications Severe gastrointestinal obstruction or inoperable gastrointestinal disease. Severe abdominal conditions, like peritonitis or severe ileus. Inability to access the GI tract (e.g., due to facial trauma or head and neck cancer). Poor prognosis or when feeding would not improve clinical outcomes. CCNJACOBE,2022 ENTERAL TUBE FEEDING Complications Aspiration pneumonia: Risk if the feeding tube is not properly positioned. Tube displacement or blockage: Tube may shift, become dislodged, or blocked, interfering with feeding. Gastrointestinal discomfort: Nausea, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation. Infection: Especially at the tube insertion site (e.g., PEG site infection). Dehydration: Insufficient fluid intake through the tube feeding. CCNJACOBE,2022 ENTERAL TUBE FEEDING Nursing Responsibilities Assessing need for enteral feeding and patient’s nutritional requirements. Insertion of feeding tube (if trained) or assisting with tube placement. Monitoring tube placement: Ensuring proper tube position to prevent aspiration (checking pH of gastric contents or using X-ray for confirmation). Administering feedings and medications as per healthcare provider’s orders. CCNJACOBE,2022 ENTERAL TUBE FEEDING Nursing Responsibilities Preventing complications: Regular tube checks, ensuring tube cleanliness, and monitoring for infection. Documentation: Recording type and amount of nutrition, patient's response, and any complications. Patient education: Teaching the patient or caregivers how to care for the feeding tube and manage feeding at home. CCNJACOBE,2022  ENTERAL TUBE FEEDING CCNJACOBE,2022 PARENTERAL FEEDING CCNJACOBE, 2022 PARENTERAL FEEDING Parenteral feeding is the administration of nutrients directly into the bloodstream via an intravenous (IV) line. This method is used when the gastrointestinal system is non-functional or severely impaired, and the patient cannot receive nutrition through enteral feeding. CCNJACOBE,2022 PARENTERAL FEEDING Purposes To provide total nutrition (protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals) to individuals who cannot use their GI tract. To ensure metabolic needs are met, particularly for patients with gastrointestinal tract failure or severe malabsorption. To support patients who are critically ill or recovering from surgery, trauma, or severe burns. CCNJACOBE,2022 PARENTERAL FEEDING Materials Needed 1. Intravenous (IV) line (e.g., peripheral venous catheter or central venous catheter (CVC)). 2. Parenteral nutrition (PN) solution (prepared with a mix of dextrose, amino acids, fats, electrolytes, vitamins, and minerals). 3. Infusion pump for controlled delivery of the parenteral nutrition. 4. Sterile supplies (for handling and maintaining the IV line). 5. Monitor equipment for vital signs and laboratory tests (e.g., blood glucose levels, electrolytes). CCNJACOBE,2022 PARENTERAL FEEDING Types 1. Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition (PPN): A less concentrated form of nutrition delivered through a peripheral IV, used for short-term support. 2. Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN): A comprehensive solution containing all necessary nutrients, usually delivered through a central venous catheter. CCNJACOBE,2022 PARENTERAL FEEDING Benefits Provides essential nutrition when oral or enteral routes are unavailable. Supports patients with severe malnutrition or illness who cannot tolerate enteral feeding. Ensures better absorption of nutrients directly into the bloodstream. CCNJACOBE,2022 PARENTERAL FEEDING Indications Gastrointestinal disorders (such as Crohn’s disease, short bowel syndrome, or bowel obstruction). Severe malabsorption (e.g., after bowel resections). Non-functional GI tract (e.g., ileus or acute pancreatitis). Post-surgical patients who require long-term nutritional support. Critical illness or injury (e.g., burns, trauma, or cancer). CCNJACOBE,2022 PARENTERAL FEEDING Contraindications Functional GI tract: If the GI system is intact and functional, enteral feeding is preferred. Severe liver or kidney dysfunction: May impair the body's ability to process nutrients. Uncontrolled infections: Inserting a catheter for parenteral feeding in the presence of sepsis can increase the risk of further infections. CCNJACOBE,2022 PARENTERAL FEEDING Complications Infection: Risk of sepsis or catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs). Electrolyte imbalances: Parenteral nutrition can lead to hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, or other imbalances. Liver dysfunction: Long-term TPN can lead to liver damage (e.g., cholestasis). Thrombosis: Blood clots can form around central venous catheters. Refeeding syndrome: A potentially dangerous shift in electrolytes when nutrition is introduced after prolonged malnutrition. CCNJACOBE,2022 PARENTERAL FEEDING Nursing Responsibilities Monitoring and managing the IV line: Ensuring proper placement, maintenance, and sterilization of the catheter. Administering parenteral nutrition: Ensuring proper infusion of the solution according to medical orders. Regular assessments: Monitoring blood glucose levels, electrolytes, and vital signs. Preventing infection: Ensuring sterile technique for catheter care and dressing changes. CCNJACOBE,2022 PARENTERAL FEEDING Nursing Responsibilities Patient education: Educating the patient and family on the care and potential complications of parenteral feeding. Documentation: Documenting intake, patient response, and any complications related to parenteral feeding. Coordinating with the healthcare team: Collaborating with dietitians and physicians to adjust the nutritional composition based on ongoing needs. CCNJACOBE,2022 MIXING TPN CCNJACOBE,2022  PARENTERAL FEEDING CCNJACOBE,2022  "OPTIMUM NUTRITION IS THE MEDICINE OF TOMORROW - LINUS PAULING" THANK YOU FOR FOLLOWING ALONG! For any questions, simply approach me and I'll be glad to help. CCNJACOBE,2022