Copy of (F) muscular system.pptx

The The Muscular System Muscular System 11.0 Describe Animal Health Needs 11.3 Describe the musculoskeletal system “If you don’t use it- You will lose it” Function of the muscular system 1. Provides movement in conjunction with the skeletal system/mobility The muscular system’s main function is to a...

The The Muscular System Muscular System 11.0 Describe Animal Health Needs 11.3 Describe the musculoskeletal system “If you don’t use it- You will lose it” Function of the muscular system 1. Provides movement in conjunction with the skeletal system/mobility The muscular system’s main function is to allow movement. When muscles contract, they contribute to gross and fine movement.Gross movement refers to large, coordinated motions and includes: walking running swimming Function of the muscular system 2. Important in life support 3. Give shape and form to the body. 4. Maintain posture ➔ Skeletal muscles help keep the body in the correct position when someone is sitting or standing. This is known as posture. ➔ Good posture relies on strong, flexible muscles. Stiff, weak, or tight muscles contribute to poor posture and misalignment of the body. ➔ Long-term, bad posture leads to joint and muscle pain in the shoulders, back, neck, and elsewhere. Function of the muscular system 5. Temperature regulation ➔ Maintaining normal body temperature is an important function of the muscular system. Almost 85% of the heat a person generates in their body comes from contracting muscles. ➔ When body heat falls below optimal levels, the skeletal muscles increase their activity to make heat. Shivering is one example of this mechanism. Muscles in the blood vessels also contract to maintain body heat. ➔ Body temperature can be brought back within normal range through the relaxation of smooth muscle in the blood vessels. This action increases blood flow and releases excess heat through the skin. Classifications of Muscles Voluntary: Movement of the muscle is under the control. Involuntary: Movement of the muscle is not controlled Types of Muscles Smooth Muscles: Involuntary muscles, found in the walls of internal organs and the blood vessels. Smooth Muscles Are not under voluntary control Are spindle shaped and are not striated. Interlace to form Sheets of smooth muscle tissue. Are found in many internal organs: Stomach, Intestines, Blood Vessel walls Types of Muscles Cardiac Muscles: Muscles that form a network to make up the heart. Not under control of the brain, but under their own control Cardiac Muscles Only found in the Heart Are Striated Are NOT under Voluntary Control Contract Without Direct stimulation by the Nervous System Types of Muscles Skeletal Muscles: Have a striped appearance, include voluntary and involuntary, attached to and moves your bones. This is a majority of the muscle tissue in your body. Skeletal Muscles Are made of Elongated Cells called MUSCLE FIBERS Are grouped into dense bundles called FASCICLES Are LARGE and have MORE than ONE NUCLEUS Most are Voluntary Muscles of the Front Limb and Shoulder The rotator cuff tendons attach to the deep rotator cuff muscles. This group of muscles lies just outside the shoulder joint. These muscles help raise the arm from the side and rotate the shoulder in the many directions. They are involved in many day-to-day activities. Muscles of the Front Limb and Shoulder The large deltoid muscle is the outer layer of shoulder muscle. The deltoid is the largest, strongest muscle of the shoulder. The deltoid muscle takes over lifting the arm once the arm is away from the side. Muscles of the Upper Arm The bicep brachii muscle is located in the upper arm. The primary function of the bicep muscle is elbow flexion, or the movement of the forearm towards the shoulder. This muscle is also used for turning the hand from a palms down position to palms up position. Muscles of the Lower (Fore) Arm The muscles of the lower arm, or forearm are used to flex or move the hand, wrist and fingers. Brachioradialis is only one of the almost 30 muscles. It flexes the forearm at the elbow Muscles of Back Limbs or Legs Muscles of the Muscles of the Back Limb (Hip and Thigh) The hip is surrounded by thick muscles. The gluteals make up the muscles of the buttocks on the back of the hip. Muscles of the Muscles of the Back Limb (Hip and Thigh) The inner thigh is formed by the adductor muscles. The main action of the adductors is to pull the leg inward toward the other leg. Muscles of the Muscles of the Back Limb (Hip and Thigh) The muscles that flex the hip are in front of the hip joint. These include the iliopsoas muscle. This deep muscle begins in the low back and pelvis and connects on the inside edge of the upper femur Muscles of the Muscles of the Back Limb (Hip and Thigh) Another large hip flexor is the rectus femoris. The rectus femoris is one of the quadriceps muscles, the largest group of muscles on the front of the thigh. Muscles of the Back Limb The primary movements are extension and flexion. The main extensor muscle of the hip is the Hamstring. The Hamstrings are the group of muscles that are positioned at the back of our thighs. Muscles of the Upper Leg Anterior The Quadriceps are the extender muscles on the front side of the thigh. Their main function is to extend the knee. The Hamstrings are the muscles on the back side of the upper leg. Their function is to flex the knee. Posterior Muscles of the Upper Leg Muscles of the Lower Leg The Gastrocnemius is the calf muscle that is visible from the outside of the body. It attaches to the heel with the Achilles Tendon and originates behind the knee on the femur, crossing two joints. Muscles of the Lower Leg The function of the Gastrocnemius is to elevate the heel (known as plantar flexion). The function of the Soleus is exactly the same as the Gastrocnemius: to raise the heel. The only difference is that it works in a different position: with the knee bent. Muscles of the Trunk, Head and Neck Many of the muscles originate from the vertebrae Muscles of the Trunk, Head and Neck There is greater flexibility in the neck than in the spinal column because of the muscles within The Complex System that is responsible for movement and protection of internal organs Problems of the Muscular System Myasthenia Gravis- a disorder in which the muscles become weak and easily fatigued. The muscles most commonly affected are the eye muscles. Problems of the Muscular System Muscular Dystrophy- an inherited disorder where skeletal muscles waste away. There is no cure but early detection can improve the quality of life by delaying the muscle weakening through exercise. Injury-Related Muscular Problems Muscle Strain- “a pulled muscle” is a tearing or stretching of muscle fibers as a result of suddenly pulling them too far. Strains usually occur in large muscles. Strains are a result of overexertion. Treatment for a strain consists of: ice, wrapping with compression bandage, and rest. Injury-Related Muscular Problems Bruise- a discolored area under the skin caused by leakage of blood after an injury. Use ice to relieve swelling and pain of a bruise. Tendinitis- the inflammation of a tendon, usually caused from overuse. Treatment may include medication, corticosteroids injections, and rest. Cramps- are strong muscle contractions that causes pain and tightening in the area. Stretching and gently rubbing the cramped muscles often helps get rid of the cramps. Injury-Related Muscular Problems Hernia- protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weak area in the muscle. Surgery is usually required to repair a hernia. Sarcopenia Sarcopenia, also called geriatric muscle disease, is common in older adults. Other types of muscle diseases are less common in older adults. Sarcopenia risk in older adults ages 65 to 70 is around 14%. This risk is 53% in those over age 80. Sarcopenia causes loss of muscle mass and strength. Risk factors include: -Poor nutrition -Chronic disease -Reduced hormone levels For some people, muscle weakness appears suddenly. For others, it comes on slowly over many years. Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy­, also called heart muscle disease, is a disease that affects cardiac muscle. In cardiomyopathy, the heart becomes abnormally enlarged, thickened, and/or stiff. This makes it harder for the heart muscle to pump blood efficiently. Eventually, this may lead to heart failure. Blood and fluids may back up into the lungs and other parts of the body. Cardiomyopathy can also cause abnormal heart rhythms and heart valve problems. Dermatomyositis Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare inflammatory muscle disease. It can affect people of any age or sex, though it's more often seen in women. Common symptoms of DM include: * A distinctive rash * Muscle weakness * Inflamed, painful muscles Like other inflammatory myopathies, the cause is unknown. There is no cure, but the condition can be managed with medications and other therapies. Parkinson’s Disease Parkinson’s disease - is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the muscular system and movement. Four motor signs and symptoms are considered defining in Parkinson’s disease: muscle tremor (shaking), muscle rigidity, slowness of movement, and postural instability. Tremor is the most common and obvious symptom, and it most often occurs in a limb that is at rest, so it disappears during sleep or when the patient moves the limb voluntarily. Difficulty walking eventually develops, and dementia is common in the advanced stages of the disease. Depression is common, as well. How can you prevent muscle disease? 1. Eat a healthy diet to prevent malnutrition. 2. Drink lots of water to avoid dehydration and constipation. 3. Exercise as much as possible. 4. Maintain a healthy weight to prevent obesity. 5. Quit smoking to protect your lungs and heart. 6. Get flu and pneumonia vaccines.