Events Leading to the Civil War - PDF

Terms: Sectionalism Missouri Compromise Popular Sovereignty Tariff of Abomination Secede Compromise of 1850 Harriet Beecher Stowe Fugitive Slave Act Stephen Douglas Uncle Tom’s Cabin John Brown The Kansas-Nebraska Act Charles Sumner Ble...

Terms: Sectionalism Missouri Compromise Popular Sovereignty Tariff of Abomination Secede Compromise of 1850 Harriet Beecher Stowe Fugitive Slave Act Stephen Douglas Uncle Tom’s Cabin John Brown The Kansas-Nebraska Act Charles Sumner Bleeding Kansas Preston Brooks Civil War Pottawatomie Massacre Republican Party  The Missouri Compromise - Proposed by Henry Clay - Admit Missouri as a slave state - Admit Maine as a free state - Prohibit slavery from any territory acquired in the Louisiana Purchase, north of the 36°30N ★ preserved the balance between slave and free states The Missouri Compromise The Tariff Debate and Nullification Crisis Tariff of Abominations 1828 - Congress passed a very high tariff on manufactured goods from Europe. This made European goods more expensive, American consumers were more likely to buy American-made goods. - Southerners hated the new tariff, they felt as though the North was getting rich at the expense of the South and issued threats of secession. 1832 - Henry Clay to the rescue Compromise of 1850 Compromise of 1850 Fugitive Slave Act Video - Harriet Beecher Stowe Bleeding Kansas - Article Bleeding Kansas A direct consequence of the Kansas-Nebraska Act May 1856 - violence broke out in Kansas between proslavery and antislavery groups Missouri slave owners moved to Kansas and Antislavery settlers moved to Kansas (remember popular sovereignty) 800 slavery supporters attacked the town of Lawrence John Brown, an abolitionist, believed God had chosen him to end slavery ○ Brown led a group of men along the Pottawatomie Creek, where they seized and killed five supporters of slavery ○ More violence followed as armed groups roamed the territory ○ Fall of 1856 before the U.S. Army could stop the bloodshed in Kansas Violence in Congress - May 22, 1856 Abolitionist Senator Charles Sumner of MA delivered a speech entitled “The Crime Against Kansas” ○ He lashed out against proslavery forces and criticized proslavery senators, especially Andrew Butler of SC (insults Butler) ○ Butler’s cousin, Representative Preston Brooks, attacked Senator Sumner with a cane on the floor of the Senate ○ Sumner was severely injured ○ Revealed the rising level of hostility between the North and South Terms: Jefferson Davis Abraham Lincoln Martyr Stephen Douglas States rights John C Breckinridge Constitutional Union Party John Bell Confederate States of America Dred Scott Decision - 1857 Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri. His master took him into Illinois and Wisconsin, both free states, before returning to Missouri. Scott sued saying he should be free Supreme Court Decision - Scott was not a U.S. citizen. Therefore he could not sue. - Slaves were property so the federal government could not exclude slavery from any territory. - Missouri Compromise unconstitutional Lincoln - Douglas Debates -1858 - Congressional election of 1858 - Senate Seat - Lincoln challenges Douglas to a series of debates - Topic - SLAVERY - Douglas supported popular sovereignty, Lincoln does not want slavery to spread - Douglas won the election, Lincoln gain national recognition and becomes a possible candidate for the presidential election of 1860 Raid on Harpers Ferry - October 1859 - John Brown led 18 men on a raid at Harpers Ferry, VA on an arsenal - His goal was to incite a slave uprising and rebellion - Uprising was quickly put down, Brown was convicted of treason and murder, sentenced to death - John Brown’s death became a rallying point for abolitionist  Presidential Election of 1860 Stephen A Douglas (IL) - Northern Democratic Party nominee John C Breckinridge (KY) - Southern Democratic nominee - Supported slavery in the territories John Bell (TN) - Constitutional Union Party nominee - (new party) - Recognized not political principle other than the constitution of the country, the Union of the states, and the enforcement of the laws Abraham Lincoln - Republican Party nominee - platform; slavery will not be allowed to spread, promised not to abolish slavery where it already existed BECAUSE OF THE DIVISION IN THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY - LINCOLN WINS REACTION TO LINCOLN’S VICTORY - SC SECEDES The South Secedes South Carolina - seceded Dec. 20, 1860 Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia Louisiana, Texas also seceded to form the Confederate States of America They believed their economy and way of life were at stake and that slavery was threatened. Jefferson Davis of Mississippi became president of the Confederacy