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ENDODONTICS 1. How many ROOTS does a maxillary first molar usually have? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four 2. 58% of the time, the MB root of the maxillary first molar has how many canals? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four 3. How many canals does a maxillary first premol...

ENDODONTICS 1. How many ROOTS does a maxillary first molar usually have? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four 2. 58% of the time, the MB root of the maxillary first molar has how many canals? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four 3. How many canals does a maxillary first premolar usually have? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four 4. How many ROOTS does a mandibular molar usually have? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four 5. How many canals does a mandibular molar usually have? A. One B. Two C. Three D. Four 6. Endodontic treatment of a mandibular central incisor is challenging because the most common variation is having two canals. A. True B. False 7. Endodontic access on mandibular incisors is the most challenging among all teeth because the mandibular incisors are very narrow mesio-distally and, therefore, it is easy to perforate. A. True B. False 8. Endodontic files, gutta percha and sized paper points are color coded. What color is a size 10 file? A. Pink B. Gray C. Purple D. White 9. What color is a size 35 endodontic file? A. Green B. Blue C. Red D. Yellow 10. What color is a size 70 endodontic file? A. Green B. Blue C. Red D. Yellow 11. What color is a size 25 endodontic file? A. Green B. Blue C. Red D. Yellow 12. Estimated WLis 22 mm. To determine the true WL, inserted in the canal a size 15 endodontic file to 22 mm and then took a radiograph (x-ray). The size 15 at 22 mm is out of the canal by about 1 mm.. What should I do next? A. Get a bigger file, like a size 20, and insert only up to 21 mm and take a radiograph B. Get a smaller file, like a size 10, and insert to 22 mm and take a radiograph C. Cut 1 mm from the size 15 file and re-insert and take a radiograph. D. None of the above 13. In determining the WL, the size of the file is as important as the length. The initial apical file should be a tiny bit tight in the canal. A. True B. False 14. The length of the Master Apical File, MAE, is: A. The same length as the WL of the IAF B. Shorter than the WL of the IAF C. Longer than the WL of the IAF 15. In determining the WL, I first tried a size 25 file but it was too tight in the canal, and short by more than 3 mm, as seen on the radiograph. What should I do next? A. Get a smaller file, find the one that will go to WL with a little bit of tightness, and then take a radiograph B. Get a bigger file, insert as deep as it will go without forcing it and then take another radiograph. C. Force the size 25 file by turning clockwise 16. The size of the MAF is usually three sizes bigger than the initial file. However, this is not a hard and fast rule because the pre-op size of the canal and the thickness of the root are the two more important determinants of the size of the MAF. A. True B. False 17. Signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis include the following EXCEPT: A. Spontaneous pain B. Pain to cold lasting more than a minute C. Throbbing pain especially at night D. Mild discomfort to cold that dissipates as soon as the cold stimulus is removed 18: Signs and symptoms of a necrotic pulp can include the following EXCEPT: A. No response to cold test B. No response to hot test C. Spontaneous pain- past or present D. None of the above 19.It is important to determine the periodontal status of a tooth PRIOR to starting endodontic treatment because A. If there is a narrow deep pocket, there might be a vertical root fracture and the tooth might not be restorable. B. If there is extreme bone loss and the periodontal prognosis is poor, it is best to extract the tooth instead of endodontically treating it. C. All of the above D. None of the above 20. The anatomic landmark that could be mistaken as apical pathology in a radiograph of a mandibular bicuspid: A. Genial foramen B. Mental foramen C. Nasopalatine foramen 21 Material used in tracing a sinus tract: A. Barbed broach B. Paper point C. Gutta percha D. Endodontic file 22. In instrumenting curved canals, all endodontic files have to be pre-curved before inserting in the canal. A. True B. False 23. The WL is 19 mm and the initial apical file is size 15. Using the rule of thumb that the MAF is 3 sizes bigger than the initial file, write below the size and length of the MAF 24. The MAF is size 40 with a WL of 22 mm. Write below the sizes and lengths of the three step back files. Do not include recapitulation. 25. Signs and symptoms of acute apical periodontitis EXCEPT: A. Tooth is tender to percussion B. Tooth may feel extruded and may be painful on jaw closure and mastication C. The PDLspace may be normal or widened (d.) None of the above 26. An acute alveolar abscess is a dental emergency. Emergency treatment consists of the following EXCEPT: A. Establish drainage via the root canal B. If the swelling is soft and fluctuant, make an incision for additional drainage C. Prescribe antibiotics and analgesics D. Disocclude the tooth if extruded E. None of the above 27. Acute maxillary sinusitis can mimic tooth pain in the maxillary posterior quadrant. A. True B. False 28. When is the best time to treat a pregnant patient? A. First Trimester B. Second Trimester C. Third trimester 29. This medical condition can mimic odontogenic pain. A. Sickle cell anemia B. Trigeminal neuralgia C. Referred pain from cardiac angina D. Multiple Sclerosis E. All of the above F. None of the above 30. Radiation therapy to the head and neck can result in; A. Increased sensitivity of the teeth B. Mimic dental pain C. All of the above D. None of the above 31. Precaution(s) to take if the patient is hypertensive: A. Consult with the patient's physician B. Slow injection of no more than 3 cartridges of local anesthesia C. Terminate the appointment if the patient begins to get stressed D. All of the above E. None of the above 32. Precaution(s) to take if the patient is an insulin-dependent diabetic: A. Best to see the patient shortly after a meal B. Tell the patient to bring his/her sugar tester and test the blood sugar just before treatment C. Have fruit juice ready in your clinic in case the patient's blood sugar level goes down below acceptable range D. Consult with patient's physician E. All of the above F. None of the above 33. If a patient has ulcers, should you avoid prescribing aspirin? A. Yes B. No 34. In alcoholics, avoid prescribing sedatives and aspirin. A. True B. False 35 What is the first antibiotic of choice for patients with swelling of endodontic origin? A. Clindamycin B. Amoxicillin C. Tetracycline D. Metronidazole 36. Pain in reversible pulpitis is immediate, momentary and quickly dissipates upon removal of the stimulus. A. True B. False 37. Pain in IRREVERSIBLE pulpitis could be spontaneous or delayed upon application of the stimulus, and persists for minutes to hours after removal of the stimulus A. True B. False 38. The periodontal ligament space may appear normal or widened in irreversible pulpitis. A. True B. False 39. How does a tooth with irreversible pulpitis respond to percussion: A. Negative in early stages B. Positive later on when the inflammation/infection has reached the periapex C. Both of the above are false D. Both of the above are true 40. Before even picking up a bur to prepare the endodontic access, what should you do? A. Using the pre-operative radiograph, measure the depth from the occlusal/incisal to the roof of the pulp chamber B. Make a mental note of that depth on your bur C. Both of the above are true D. Both of the above are false 41. Employs the tip of the index finger or a cotton tip, with light pressure, to examine tissue consistency and pain response. A. Percussion B. Test for mobility C. Palpation D. None of the above 42. This test enables the dentist to evaluate the status of the periapical tissues by a slight tap on the tooth with the handle of a mouth mirror. A. Test for mobility B. Percussion C. Palpation D. None of the above 43. Teeth undergoing rapid orthodontic movement can be sensitive to percussion. A. True B. False 44. This test consists of moving the tooth bucco-lingually using the handles of 2 instruments. A. Percussion B. Test for mobility C. Palpation D. None of the above 45. A narrow, isolated probing defect could signify: A. Vertical root fracture B. Vertical groove defect C. Periodontal disease D. Any of the above E. None of the above 46. A painful response to the heat test compared to other teeth in the same mouth indicates pulpal and/or periapical disease requiring endodontic treatment. A. True B. False 47. Assuming all teeth are present, what is the ideal sequence for testing for cold? A. First: Suspect tooth. Second: Tooth mesial to it. Third: contralateral tooth. Fourth: Tooth distal to it. B. First: Tooth mesial to suspect tooth. Second: Tooth distal to suspect tooth. Third: Contralateral tooth. Fourth: Suspect tooth. C. First: Contralateral tooth. Second: Suspect tooth. Third: Tooth mesial to suspect tooth. Fourth: Tooth distal to suspect tooth D. None of the above 48. What is the diagnosis if the cold test response is immediate discomfort, lasts only a few seconds and dissipates upon removal of the cold stimulus? A. Vital pulp/reversible pulpitis B. Irreversible pulpitis C. Non-vital pulp/necrotic pulp 49. What is the diagnosis if the cold test response is immediate severe pain lasting several minutes to hours after removal of the cold stimulus? A. Vital pulp/reversible pulpitis B. Irreversible pulpitis C. Non-vital pulp/necrotic pulp 50. What is the diagnosis if the patient feels nothing upon application of the cold stimulus but other teeth tested responds with momentary discomfort to the cold stimulus? A. Vital pulp/reversible pulpitis B. Irreversible pulpitis C. Non-vital pulp/necrotic pulp 51. A radiograph is a 2-dimensional representation of a 3-dimensional object. Therefore, it gives the clinician plenty of information but not a complete "picture" of the tooth. A. True B. False 52. This test shines a bright light on the on the buccal of the tooth while the room is dark to detect crack lines. A. Cold test B. Transillumination C. Hot test 53. Factors to consider in case selection are: A. Clinician considerations B. Patient considerations C. Tooth considerations D. All of the above E. None of the above 54. Intracanal pressure in irreversible pulpitis or necrotic cases causes pain. Therefore, when a patient presents with pain, it is imperative to relieve the pressure. The ways to relieve intracanal pressure are the following, except: A. pulpotomy/pulpectomy B. establishing length control C. instrumentation D. debridement E. incision on the soft tissues 55.Is it extremely important to take the tooth out of occlusion when the patient says the tooth feels elevated/painful when he/she closes her mouth? A. Yes B. No 56. Although some medical conditions can influence endodontic treatment, most medical conditions do not contraindicate endodontic treatment. A. True B. False 57. I a dental emergency arises during the first trimester of pregnancy, what should you do: A. Prescribe antibiotics and pain medicines and that should be good enough B. Do nothing C. Consult with the OB-GYN to discuss treatment D. Extract the tooth 58. Factors to consider in patients with cancer: A. Some cancers can metastasize to the jaw and can mimic endodontic pathosis B. Patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation to the head and neck may have compromised healing C. Consult with the physician D. None of the above E. All of the above 59. What is the occupational risk when treating a patient with HIV: A. very low B. Very high 60. A dialysis patient is best treated the day after herodialysis because of: A. Risk of infection B. Bleeding tendencies 61. Well-controlled diabetics are good candidates for endodontic treatment. A. False B. True 62. It is alright to prescribe opioids to patients taking anti-depressants. A. False B. True C. Consult with the patient's physician 63. Periodontal probing is essential prior to endodontic treatment. A. False B. True 64. Should you think about restoration of the tooth before endodontic treatment? A. No, think about it later B. Yes, need to visualize the end goal before starting treatment 65. Factors affecting the decision to endodontically treat a tooth: A. Restorability of the tooth B. Strategic value of the tooth in the mouth C. Patient’s desire D. Accessibility of the apical foramen through the root canal E. Only 2 of the above F. Only 3 of the above G. All of the above 66. What is the primary reason for endodontic surgery A. To remove the gutta percha B. To shorten the root C. To improve the apical seal 67. Non-vital teeth with peri-radicular abscess should be done in one visit. A. True B. False 68. Every root canal system has spaces that cannot be cleaned mechanically. A. True B. False C. Only in some teeth 69. The only way to clean webs, fins and canal anastomoses is: A. To instrument the main canal and all the lateral and accessory canals. B. To use rotary endodontic files C. By placing an intracanal medicament D. Through the effective use of irrigants 70. Encircle one that is not a goal of irrigation A. Remove debris created during shaping of the canal B. Lubricate the root canal C. Dissolve organic and inorganic tissues D. Remove the smear layer E. Enlarge the canal 71. Do you have to irrigate frequently? A. Yes B. Not really. You can just irrigate at the start and end of instrumentation 72. Does exposure time of the dentin to NaOCI affect the efficacy of the NaOcI? A. Not really B. Yes C. Sometimes 73.In a sodium hypochlorite accident, is there immediate pain? A. No, pain is delayed B. Yes 74. How do you prevent a hypochlorite accident? A. Never allow the syringe to bind in the canal B. Keep the syringe moving within the canal C. Do not irrigate more than 4 ml per minute D. Use side-vented needles E. A, b, d only F. B and conly G. All of the above 75. What is the concentration of EDTA used in endodontics? A. 25% B. 10% C. 17% D. 50% 76. Does EDTA have anti-microbial properties? A. Yes B. No 77. Why do we use EDTA in endodontics? A. Helps enlarge narrow canals B. Removes the smear layer C. Makes instrumentation easier D. Lubricates E. Only a and b F. Only c and d G. All of the above 78. Is EDTA effective as the sole irrigant during instrumentation? A. Yes B. No 79. What is the most important irrigant during instrumentation? A. EDTA B. Sodium Hypochlorite C. Saline solution D. Chlorhexidine 80. Is it advisable to mix irrigants? A. No B. Yes 81. Repeated cycling of sodium hypochlorite and EDTA should be avoided because: A. They form a carcinogenic precipitate B. This cycling will erode the dentin and compromise tooth structure C. None of the above D. All of the above 82. The smear layer should be removed at the end of instrumentation. A. True B. False 83. Chelating agents can remove smear layer. Is EDTA a chelating agent? A. Yes B. No 84. All syringes for endodontic irrigation must have a Luer-lock design. A. True B. False C. Only in certain cases 85. What obturation technique did we do in the lab? A. Vertical compaction B. Thermoplastic injection C. Cold lateral compaction D. Continuous wave 86. Should you obturate the canal when there is no more pain but the canal is still weeping? A. Yes B. No 87. Disadvantage of gutta percha A. Gets brittle with age B. Difficult to introduce into a narrow canal C. Lack of adhesion to dentin D. All of the above E. B, and C only F. A and Conly 88. Gutta percha without a sealer will not seal. A. True B. False 89. What is the main purpose of the root canal sealer? A. To make the canal filling radiolucent B. To stop the weeping from the apex C. To make the gutta percha fit D. To fill canal irregularities and minor discrepancies between root canal walls and core filling material 90. Do you want the sealer to fill accessory canals? A. No B. Yes 91. Can the sealer act as lubricant during insertion of the master cone? A. Yes B. No 92. MAF is size 40, length 22 mm. I tried on a size 40 cone. The cone fit radiograph showed the cone is outside the apex by about 1 mm. What should I do? A. Try on a size 35 cone and take a radiograph B. Try on a size 60 cone and take a radiograph C. Try on a size 45 cone and if it goes to 22 mm with tugback, take a radiograph D. None of the above 93. Schilder's Mechanical Objectives during cleaning and shaping root canals are the following except: A. Continuous taper from crown to apex B. Cross section should WIDEN at every point going apically C. Preparation should follow the canal D. Apical foramen should be maintained E. The apex should be kept as small as possible 94. Is establishing the glide path the same as determining canal patency? A. Yes B. No 95. What is the concept of enlarging the coronal third of the root canal prior to working length determination? A. Canal patency B. Recapitulation C. Watch winding D. Coronal pre-enlargement 96. Involves filing away from the inner curve of a root to reduce the risk of strip perforation A. Circumferential filing B. Reaming C. Anti-curvature filing 97. Should endodontic files be checked for deformation and discarded if strain is present? A. Not really B. Yes 98. What is the spread of infection diffusely into fascial planes of soft tissues A. Phoenix abscess B. Alveolar abscess C. Sinus tract D. Cellulitis 99. Is condensing osteitis usually painful? A. Yes B. No 100. The cervical area is the most commonly involved area in external root resorption A. True B. False