PerDev Personal Development 1 PDF

LESSON 1: _____________________________ KNOWING ONESELF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Personality Development AND SELF - process where a person learns set of o Development...

LESSON 1: _____________________________ KNOWING ONESELF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Personality Development AND SELF - process where a person learns set of o Development emotional qualities and ways of behaving - a progressive series of changes (table etiquette, sit properly and walk with that occur in a predictable pattern grace, dress appropriately and as the result of interactions between communicate better) biological and environmental - image enhancement. factors. (Salkind, 2004) - It is the act or process of growing Personal Development to be more advanced. - process where a person reflects upon o Human Development themselves, understands who they are, - developing through the many accepts what they discover about changes that take place in the life of themselves, and learns (or unlearn) new human beings as a result of many sets of values, attitudes, behavior, and factors thinking skills to reach their fullest potential - understand how humans grow in as human beings. different aspects: physical, mental, emotional, social behavioral, SELF spiritual, etc. o In philosophical terms, it is the being, which is the source of a 3 ASPECTS OR DOMAINS OF HUMAN person's consciousness. DEVELOPMENT o the agent responsible for an 1. Physical Development- growth of the individual's thoughts and actions. brain, motor and sensory skills, and even o an intangible entity that directs a physical health. person's thoughts and action. 2. Cognitive Development- capacity to o In psychology, sociology, or religion, learn, to speak, to understand, to reason, it is the essence of a person: his and to create. thoughts, feelings and actions, 3. Psychosocial Development- our social experiences, beliefs, values, interactions with other people, our principles, and relationships. emotions, attitudes, self-identity, o Includes a person's life purpose, personality, beliefs, and values. meaning, and aspirations o Therefore, when we speak of the 3 THINGS THAT INFLUENCES THE HUMAN "Self", we will describe it in DEVELOPMENT personality terms since personality 1. Hereditary- inborn traits passed on by is also referred to as the set of the generation of offspring from both sides behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and of the biological parents' families. motives. 2. Environment- the world outside of ourselves and the experiences. 3. Maturation- natural progression of the brain and the body that affects the cognitive, psychological, and social dimension of a person.  KNOWING THYSELF o Socrates maintained that the most - His best-known theory focuses on the important thing to pursue was different traits that make up personality, self-knowledge, and admitting one's which he divided into three main ignorance is the beginning of true categories: cardinal, central, and knowledge. secondary. o According to Plato, one of Socrates' - He defined personality as "a pattern of students, the beginning of habits, attitudes, and traits that determine knowledge is self-knowledge. an individual's characteristics, behaviors, o The ancient Hindu writings and traits" (Sanchez, Abad, and Jao, 2012). o Upanishads confirmed, "Enquiry into the truth of the "Self" is knowledge. 2 FACTORS OF PERSONALITY The Persian poet Rumi ruminated, 1. Nature (heredity / genetic makeup) "Who am I in the midst of all this 2. Nurture (environment) traffic?" o The American poet Walt Whitman FIVE UNIVERSAL DIMENSIONS OF celebrated his "Self" as "simple, PERSONALITY (OCEAN) separate person." Openness to experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, “Knowing yourself is the Agreeableness, Neuroticism beginning of all wisdom” - Aristotle - Trait theories of personality have long attempted to pin down exactly how many personality traits exist. - Earlier theories have suggested a LESSON 1B: various number of possible traits KNOWING ONESELF o Personality - refers to the unique and relatively Gordon Allport – 4,000 Personality enduring set of behaviors, feelings, traits. thoughts, and motives that Raymond Cattell – 16 personality characterize an individual (Feist and factors. Rosenberg, 2012) Hans Eysenck – three-factor theory. 2 Key Components of Personality: However, many researchers felt that o Uniqueness Cattell's theory was too complicated and o Enduring or Consistency Eysenck's was too limited in scope. As a result, the five-factor theory PERSONALITY emerged to describe the essential traits Gordon Allport – was an that serve as the building blocks of American psychologist who personality. played an important part in the development of personality psychology. THE BIG FIVE DIMENSIONS OF PERSONALITY 5. Neuroticism (OCEAN/CANOE) o Neuroticism is a trait characterized 1. Openness by sadness, moodiness, and o Also known as “Openness to new emotional instability. Experience” o Pessimism o features characteristics such as o Tend to experience mood swings, imagination and insight, and anxiety, moodiness, irritability and those high in this trait also tend to sadness. have a broad range of interests o Those low in this trait tend to be o Tend to be more adventurous and more stable and emotionally creative. resilient. o People low in this trait are often much more traditional and may It is important to note that each of the five struggle with abstract thinking. personality factors represents a range 2. Conscientiousness between two extremes. o Standard features of this dimension include high levels of 5 BIG PERSONALITIES thoughtfulness, with good impulse Evidence of this theory has been control and goal-directed growing over the past 50 years, behaviors beginning with the research of D. W. o Tend to be organized and mindful Fiske (1949) and later expanded of details upon by other researchers including 3. Extraversion Norman (1967), Smith (1967), o is characterized by excitability, Goldberg (1981), and McCrae & sociability, talkativeness, Costa (1987). assertiveness and high amounts of emotional expressiveness. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator o Are outgoing and tend to gain o E or I (Extraversion or Introversion) energy in social situations. o S or N (Sensing or Intuition) o People who are low in extroversion o T or F (Thinking or Feeling) (or introverted) tend to be more o J or P (Judgment or Perception) reserved and have to expend energy in social settings. 1. E or I (Extraversion or Introversion) 4. Agreeableness - how an individual prefers to channel his o This personality dimension includes or her energy when dealing with people, attributes such as trust, altruism, whether it is inward (introversion) or kindness, affection and other outward(extraversion). prosocial behaviors. o Tend to be more cooperative. 2. S or N (Sensing or Intuition) o Those low in this trait tend to be - how one prefers to process information, more competitive and even whether through the use of senses such manipulative as being able to describe what one sees, or intuitively like dealing with ideas. 3. T or F (Thinking or Feeling) - how an individual prefers to make decisions, either thinking or using logic and analysis, or feeling which uses the Concept of Gestalt - something that cognitive senses based on values or is made of many parts and yet is beliefs. somehow more than or different from the combination of its parts; 4. J or P (Judgment or Perception) broadly, the general quality or - how an individual prefers to manage character of something one's life, whether through judging, which means a planned and organized life, versus perception, which has more 5 ASPECTS THAT MAKES AN ORGANISM flexible approach to living 1. Physiological - the physical attributes including the LESSON 2: five senses DEVELOPING AS A WHOLE PERSON 2. Cognitive “HOLISTIC DEVELOPMENT” - the intellectual functions of the mind o Holism 3. Psychological - seeing things as a whole and as - how thinking, feeling, and behaving something that is bigger than the interact and happen in a person. sum of its parts. 4. Social - the manner by which an individual Mind and Body Dualism interacts with other individuals or groups of of Descartes individuals. Rene Descartes– one of 5. Spiritual the modern - attributes to beliefs, values and virtue. philosophers of our time, influenced much of mankind's thinking with his theory of duality or understanding the nature of things in a simple, dual mode. Holism and Gestalt General Jan C. Smuts– South African statesman, wrote about holism as "the tendency in nature to form whole which are greater than the sum of the parts through creative evolution."  LESSON 2B: state, expressive movement, and DEVELOPING AS A WHOLE PERSON attitudes “Basic Drives and Affect” - When you are mad, don’t make decisions. o Self-concept - When on the verge of happiness, don’t - understanding ourselves. make promises. o Carl Rogers - have emotional intelligence 3 THINGS TO CONSIDER: ATTITUDE VS. BEHAVIOR 1. Self- Image- How we see and perceive o Attitude ourselves - Person’s thoughts, feelings, and 2. Self- Esteem- Self- worth: How much we emotions about another person, value ourselves object, idea, behavior, or situation. 3. Ideal Self- Your desired self: What we Person’s evaluation of an wanna achieve as ourselves experience with another person, idea, behavior, or situation based on Paul Ekman (University of his or her values and belief system. California) – there are 6 basic How we think. emotions that a human being o Behavior experience: - Manifestation or acting out of the attitudes an individual has. - How we do things 1. Happiness - Verb 2. Sadness 3. Fear VALUES VS. VIRTUES 4. Anger o Values 5. Surprise - These are beliefs we have as a 6. Disgust person - Subjective FEELINGS VS. EMOTIONS - Personal or base on an outcome o Feelings important to an individual - Internal emotions from our - What we think is important experiences. - Act of goodness - Result from the emotions that we - Create meaning and purpose in a experienced. person’s life - Emotional state o Virtues - Domino Effect - About an individual o Emotions - Needed na gawin - Reaction to certain situation - These are behaviors - From the latin word, focused on taking action for Movare- to move or be a societal benefit, not a upset or be agitated personal one. - Defined by Smith (1973) - Objective as a descriptive term - Moral excellence referring to variations in level of arousal, affective  5 UNIVERSAL VALUES FROM UN o Do not satisfy other people based 1. Peace- everyone deserves to live in on what they want, don’t please peace them. 2. Freedom 8. Tradition 3. Social Progress o Culture must be practiced. 4. Equal Rights- According to the law, o Commitment and acceptance of everyone has their own rights regardless of the customs and ideas their gender and age o Traditional culture or religion 5. Human Dignity 9. Benevolence o All being kind Shalom Schwartz– Social o Preserving and enhancing the Psychologist. welfare 10. Universalism 10 COMMON VALUES ACCORDING TO S.S o Caring 1. Self-direction o Understanding, appreciation o Independent tolerance, and protection for the o choosing, creating, and exploring welfare o Ability to choose your own path 2. Stimulation 4 MOTIVATIONAL GOALS THAT o how we face challenges in our lives CHARACTERIZES THE TEN VALUES PROPOSED o excitement, novelty, and challenge BY S.S 3. Hedonism 1. Openness to Change o Gratitude o self direction o Pleasure, sensuous gratification o stimulation o Avoidance of pain o hedonism 4. Achievement 2. Self-enhancement o Personal success o power o demonstrating competence o achievement according to social standards 3. Self-transcendence o Drive of achieving a goal o benevolence 5. Power o conformity o Social Status and prestige 4. Conservation o Control or dominance o security o People has a nature to desire and o tradition manage people, so accept but improve it and stay humble 6. Security o Safety, harmony, and stability o May it be in society, relationships, and even oneself 7. Conformity o Restraint of actions o Impulses that upsets or harms others o Violate social expectation  LESSON 3: DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES IN MIDDLE AND LATE ADOLESCENCE TABLE THAT SHOWS THE EIGHT STAGES OF “Psychosocial Stages of Development” PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT o Adolescence - stage where we experience transitions. - Crucial period in the development - 15-21 yrs old - Full of excitement and challenges -Knowing our purpose and independence - Quest for Identity and Individuality through independence, personal decisions - discovering who we are establishing meaningful relationships with others PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Erik Erikson– Developmental psychologists- human development and behavior Person behind Psychosocial Development. - He developed eight stages of development that defines each stage of human development - Famous works- Concept of Identity Crisis - The stages are borderless and flowing: there are times na iba-iba ang development. It is just a guide or expected to know and understand yourself more. - Epigenetic Principle- personality develops in a pre-determined order, and builds apon each previous stage. - Human development follows a natural flow or step by step process. - Increases in Complexity ang stages ng Psychosocial Development  o Puberty -physical changes that happen during the adolescent stage. - Body sexually matures - During adolescence, cognitive development is also present as the brain continues to grow and develop. - These cognitive skills are reasoning, abstract thinking, and increased knowledge. o Social Development - From the word “social” - It is how we interact with other people - Adolescence desire for more autonomy and independence - Their friends and peers become their primary influence 2 HALLMARKS OF ADOLESCENCE STAGE 1. Idealism 2. Experimentation o Beliefs and values are formed at this stage, sometimes even questioning the existing and accepted norms. o With puberty, the adolescence also goes into experimentation of their bodies, exploring their sexuality, as well as substances o Self-identity or self-concept - evolves from an individual's own set of beliefs and value system, in the roles he has identified for himself, the responsibilities he recognizes and owns, and the expectations others have.  ANIMAL TISSUES ⮚ More king, so it is o Points alternatives costlier. o are likely to be ⮚ Compromise o generated. decisions ⮚ More resulting o acceptance of from SUBTOPIC the final indecisivene decision is ss may Points likely. revenge. ⮚ Enhanced ⮚ One person communicatio may n of the dominate decision may the group. result. ⮚ Groupthink IMPORTANT TOPIC/QUESTION ⮚ Better may occur. ❖ Points decisions ❖ generally ❖ emerge. TYPES OF ______ Caption. Blank what does it do? 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