Making Modern American Culture, 1880-1917 - Chapter 17 PDF

Making Modern American Culture, 1880-1917 Chapter 17 Loading…  I. Commerce and Culture A. Consumer Spaces – now to attract women 1. The circus – used RR, promoted outdoors 2. First-class rail cars – encouraged segregation 3. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) – RR case know...

Making Modern American Culture, 1880-1917 Chapter 17 Loading…  I. Commerce and Culture A. Consumer Spaces – now to attract women 1. The circus – used RR, promoted outdoors 2. First-class rail cars – encouraged segregation 3. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) – RR case know this!  II. Commerce and Culture Consumer Spaces 1. Distinction between the classes 2. Thomas Edison – products for consumer 3. Loading… Cheap consumer culture – democratic? 4. Reality of consumerism – not so much 5. Changes in shopping and leisure habits (esp. for the middle class)  II. Commerce and Culture—cont’d A. Consumer Spaces—cont’d 1. Traveling circuses 2. Department stores 3. Technology and social class (widened gap) 4. Railroad companies (target m class) 5. Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896  I. Commerce and Culture B. Masculinity and the Rise of Sports 1. “Muscular Christianity” 2. America’s Game = baseball popular 3. Rise of the Negro Leagues 4. American Football Anxiety about American men becoming soft. YMCA invented basketball & volleyball (indoor sports) Loading…  I. Commerce and Culture C. The Great Outdoors 1. Preservation – Nat’l & State govts set aside land. 2. Environmentalists – John Muir – Sierra Club, 1892 Audubon societies called for bird protec’ns & laws against hunting game (controversy among hunters) 1900 – Lacey Act (fed penalties – selling specified b, a, p) 1906 – Antiquities Act – national monuments 1916 – National Park Service (Wilson) ------ Debates Americans got outside! 1890: 10 mill bicycles sold in US.  Sierra Club "Everybody needs beauty as well as bread, places to play in and pray in, where nature may heal and give strength to body and soul alike." -- John Muir, The Yosemite (1912) “No temple made with hands can compare with Yosemite.”  John Muir 1838 - Born in Dunbar, Scotland - 1849 - Emigrated to US - Wisconsin farm Attended university, but dropped out. Hiked across US. Got to Yosemite in CA. Job at a sawmill. Studied glaciers’ work. Publ’d his ideas, and moved to Preserv’n: Sierra Club, 1892 Convinced T.Roosevelt of Federal Management for West Lost last fight: Dam of Tuolomne River. Wilson signed dam bill,1913. Died in 1914 - “broken heart”  II. Women, Men, and the Solitude of the Self A. Changes in Family Life 1. The average American family – getting smaller 2. Comstock Act (1873) – nothing “obscene” in the mail; nothing about sex or birth control – fear of pornography (& of industrializing society) 1800: ave 7 births for American women 1900: ave 3.6 (Industrial society & vulcanized rubber)  II. American Education B. Education 1. The rise of high school – more! By 1900, 71% of Americans ages 5-18 were in school. 2. College – more also 3. African American education - more 4. Women’s education – more For Women: 7 Sisters (colleges for women, equal to men’s); Mostly single sex schools in N&S; Coed more common in the Midwest & West. Association for the Advancement of Women, est. 1873 to promote women’s educ’n & employ’t; Not all women = depend’ts who didn’t “need” to vote.  III. Women, Men, and the Solitude of the Self—cont’d A. African American Education—cont’d 1. African American education improved 2. Booker T. Washington & the Atlanta Compromise 3. Accommodation = Atl Compromise Speech 4. Education for women – mostly single sex N&S 5. Coeducation – Midwest & West 6. Association for the Advancement of Women Est’d 1873 to promote women’s educ’n & employ’t Not all women depend’ts who didn’t “need” to vote.  Booker T. Washington 1881 Tuskegee Institute 1901 Up from Slavery 1895 Atlanta Compromise Speech (read with class) (conflicts with W.E.B. DuBois)  Kendi on BTW His autobiographical, UFS, expressed faith in God, took personal responsibility, demonstrated hard work, and saw “White saviors” everywhere. His accommodation angered WEB. Teddy Roosevelt, impressed, invited BTW to dinner. White segregationists were enraged. Kendi says that that is when TR officially named the residence the White House.  Ida B. Wells -born 1862 in MS -1887 train incident -sued C&O -1890s friend lynched & started Free Speech -Red Record, pamphlet -What does she want? -(“a Progressive”) -Both Kendi & Lepore emphasize her militancy. Lepore: She argued for more black militancy and armed resistance against lynching and Jim Crow laws. “The more the Afro-American yields and cringes and begs, the more he is insulted, outraged, and lynched.”  Reform M’ments for Women: 1. Temperance 2. Suffrage 3. Lynching Also: Child Labor, Social Settlements All still segregated through Progressive Era Women’s Moral Influence shifts in Early 20th C to Feminism (define shift)  Four Large Goals for Reformers, 1880s and 1890s: 1. Cleaning up politics 2. Limiting power of big business 3. Loading… Reducing poverty 4. Promoting social justice  II. Women, Men, and the Solitude of the Self C. From Domesticity to Women’s Rights (maternalism) 1. The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union 2. Women, Race, and Patriotism WCTU – est. 1871 by Frances Willard (no alcohol, but “do everything” for Home Protection: soup kitchens, libraries, prisons, 8 hour day; no child labor; yes women’s suffrage.) RACE: White women’s groups excluded black women: (UDC celebrated “Lost Cause”; Black women advocated for themselves & created NACW (1896))  II. Women, Men, and the Solitude of the Self C. From Domesticity to Women’s Rights 3. Women’s Rights Suffragists reunited as NAWSA in 1890. Worked state by state for suffrage. Some women opposed suffrage: National Assoc. Opposed to Woman Suffrage (1911) Heterodoxy Club (1912) – NYC intellectuals, journalists, labor organizers – full equality/feminists  III. Science and Faith A. Darwinism and Its Critics 1. Theory – 1859 Origin of the Species 2. Social Darwinism & H. Spencer & WG Sumner) 3. Eugenics – new “science” led to more discrimination against non-whites; called for preventing certain people from reproducing  III. Science and Faith B. Realism in the Arts 1. Naturalism – humans as victims of forces beyond their control; consider literature 2. Modernism – rejected traditional canons of literary taste; focused on the “primitive” mind; included some atheists & religious skeptics  III. Science and Faith C. Religion: Diversity and Innovation 1. Immigrant Faiths – Catholics & Jews – (Rem the Thanksgiving story for immigrants) 2. Protestant Innovations – Social Gospel (trying to reach the unchurched & poor) & YMCA 3. Fundamentalists – worried about rising secularism in the country. Called Americans “back” to the “truth” of the Bible. Eg: Billy Sunday