Catholic Theology Exam Study Guide PDF

Catholic Theology Exam Study Guide ♱ Mrs. Burras This Exam will be on the following bolded content: Theology God the Father, God the Son, God the Holy Spirit The Church The Sacraments The End times Theology Difference between Theology & Religious Studie...

Catholic Theology Exam Study Guide ♱ Mrs. Burras This Exam will be on the following bolded content: Theology God the Father, God the Son, God the Holy Spirit The Church The Sacraments The End times Theology Difference between Theology & Religious Studies: Religious studies programs explore major world religions, such as Christianity, Judaism, and Buddhism, theology maintains a more singular focus on the study of God. Theology: The study of the nature of God and religious belief. Types of Theology: - Trinitarian: Relating to belief in the doctrine of the Trinity - Christology: Teachings about Jesus, His nature, words, and actions - Pneumatology: Pneuma (Greek) - Wind/Breath, The branch of Theology concerned with the nature and person of the Holy Spirit - Ecclesiology: Ekklesia (Greek) - Assembly, The area of Theology that covers the history, nature, and structure of the Church. - Mariology: The systematic study of the person of Mary, mother of Jesus, and her place in the Economy of Salvation within Catholic theology. - Sacramental Theology: Centers on the belief that God uses his creation to communicate his grace to his people - Liturgical (Eucharistic) Theology: Studies the whole phenomenon of Christian worship, in both its historical manifestations and its contemporary realizations, attempting to articulate its theological context. - Moral Theology: Moral theology studies the practical implications of God’s revelatory intervention in Jesus Christ, it is concerned with the kind of people we ought to be and the kinds of actions we ought to perform or avoid. - Eschatology: The branch of systematic theology that treats of the last things: death, particular and general judgements, heaven, hell, and purgatory. Monotheism: Belief in One God, Christianity, Islam, and Judaism Polytheism: Belief in multiple Gods, Greek & Roman Gods, Hinduism Atheism: Denies the existence of God, a lack of belief in Gods Agnosticism: (Greek) “don’t know,” God’s existence cannot be proved Deism: Belief in the existence of a supreme being, does not intervene with the universe and humankind, does not rely on religious authority, or holy text, creed Humanism: Importance of humanity rather than Divine, STress the potential, value, and good of humankind, emphasizes reason and science over scripture (religious texts) and tradition Omnipotent: All powerful (potent), God’s supreme power and authority. Omniscient: All knowing, God knows everything, Nothing hidden, overlooked, escapes His notice. Omnipresent: All-present, or everywhere present at same time, God is not confined to space, he existed before created space, should not think of God as having spatial dimensions, should not think that God exists in a sort of infinite, unending space. Immutable: God does not evolve, God does not change. Scholasticism: Scholastic Philosophy, Method of critical thought, the integration of faith and reason, knowledge received through the 5 senses to grasp invisible realities: Existence of God and the human soul Summa Theologica (literal meaning) - “Pinnacle of Theological Knowledge” Apriori - A person can know this fact based on what they know, before the experience, derived from reason alone, without the need for experience, presumptive - Without external evidence.  Aposteriori - Reasoning or knowledge from EXPERIENCE or OBSERVATIONS, Empirical Evidence - Sensory experience, observation, experiments, raw data Cataphatic - VIA POSITIVA - The Positive Way - (Greek) - with forms or images - Lord is a Shephard This type of theology, prayer, spirituality relies upon - words, symbols, images, and ideas, tangible-concrete images, Apophatic - VIA NEGATIVA - The Negative Way - (Greek) - without forms or images - God is BEYOND understanding and human language, all images words, thoughts, descriptions fail to describe God’s full reality. Cataphatic & Apophatic Via Negativa vs. Via Positiva The positive vs negative way What God is not vs What God is Tools used to study theology (Catholic Religion) are Scripture and Tradition Tools used to Study “Religious Studies” are Anthropology, Sociology, History, Archeology St Thomas Aquinas -joined to political order OpP - Order of Preachers - wrote Summa Theologica - famous work written by him. Addresses the question of the existence of God Summa Theological translated means The pinnacle of Theological Knowledge 1)The argument from Motion. Potentiality to Actuality - God sets all things in motion and gives them their potential 2) The argument of Efficient Caus or Casualty refers to Nothing can cause itself to exist. Without a first cause there would be not others. Therefore, the First Cause is God. 3) The argument of Necessary Being - Because objects in the world come into existence and pass out of existence , it is possible for those objects to exist or not exist at any given time. However nothing comes from nothing so something must exist at all times. This is God. 4) Argument of Gradation - There are different degrees of goodness. There must be a being in the highest form of good.This perfect being is God. 5) the Argument from Design - All things have order or arrangement that leads them to a particular goal. The order of the universe cannot be the result of chance, design and purpose. This implies divine intelligence on the part of the designer. This is God. The Fourth Way of Contingency is seen in the life/ Death cycle of nature Anthropic Principle - The laws of Nature are so that life would not exist without physical and graviatational constraints In Pascal’s Wager, if you wager on yes, there is a God, and there is a God, you gain everything. Its a Win Win. Blaise Pascal was a Mathematician Cloud of Unknowing The author of the Cloud of Unknowing was Unknown The Cloud of Unknowing states that God is known through love - probably written in the late 14th century - An early guide to contemplative - Centering prayer In Centering Prayer/ Contemplation you choose one word to assist in focusing and clearing your mind Apophatic - Via Negativa The Negative way, what god is NOT.God is beyond our comprehension. Cataphatic - Via Positiva - Identifying God in Concrete imagery and language - God is a Shephard The Telefonica Argument for God is also similar to the Watchmaker Theory and Intelligent Design Christology - The branch of Theology concerned with the Humanity and Divinity of Christ Eschatology - The branch of theology concerned with the last things: death, judgement, heaven and hell Pneumatology - the branch of theology concerned with the study of the Holy Spirit Ecclesiology - the branch of theology concerned with Rites, Structures and History of Church Omnipotent - God is ALL POWERFUL Immanent - God is near to us, within us, within creation Immutable - God is always the same, God does not change Salvation History - The pattern of events is human history is which God clearly reveals his presence and salvation Religious Studies - The scholarly, objective study of Religion Theology - The Science/Atudy of God that usually comes through the lens of Faith Empirical Evidence - Evidence Received through observation of behaviour and patterns Infinite Regress - A sequence of events of reasoning that can never come to an end. Anselm - Ontological Argument - God is “That, than which not greater being can be conceived (thought) - This is a PRIORI ARGUMENT - Faith Seeking Understanding - Scholasticim - A Tool and method for learning emphasis on Reasoning - The integration of FAITH and REASON - If God with “existence” is greater than God without Existence then God must have existence in order to be a being than which nothing greater can be conceived. Therefore God must exist Priori - Arguments that God exists without the need of any experience, information or gathering of evidence Posteriori - Arguments that God exists based on evidence or knowledge after the experience - Two Posteriori Arguments - Teleological Argument - (Teleos in Greek = Purpose) - Also known as the Design Argument , Aquinas’ Fifth proof and the Watchmaker argument - the complex functionality in the natural world is evidence of an intelligent creator - William Paley - Watchmaker Argument - The Universe was created by an intelligent being - Cosmological Argument - Aquinas’ 2nd Proof - First Cause Argument - Plato and Aristotle believed this theory - Everything has a cause  - There must have been a FIRST CAUSE God the Father St. Thomas Aquinas’ 5 Ways:Motion/Cause/Contingency/Perfection/Design ○ 1: Argument of Motion - The Unmoved Mover: Whatever is in motion had to be moved by something else, There cannot be an infinite series of movers, The FIRST mover is… GOD ○ 2: First cause - Causality-Efficient Cause:: Nothing can cause itself or cause itself to be, things cannot go back infinitely, each Maker has it’s maker, There is a FIRST cause- that is GOD ○ 3: Contingency - Necessary Being: Contingent - Dependent upon, existing only if something else occurs first, In nature things come in and go out of being, generate-and corrupt, everything has a life and Death, that does not receive its existence from any other being, there is a being that always exists… that is GOD, a permanent being - that is GOD, a necessary being - that is GOD. ○ 4: Perfection - Supreme Model: There is a scale or degree of perfection, degrees of Truth - Beauty - love, there is a SOURCE or STANDARD for all perfection, the perfect being is… GOD ○ 5: Grand Designer - Governance - Order: The universe was created orderly and with a purpose, not by chance, the CREATION points to at - creative, intelligent CREATOR, that created is…GOD. Telelogical Argument: Argument for God’s existence based on design and purpose William Paley - Watchmaker Theory, Intelligent Design: Watchmaker Theory: The universe was created by an intelligent being - a purpose. The complexity and order of the Universe = intelligent designer. The complexity of creation is like a watch, implying a Designer (God). Pascal’s Wager: Believing in God is a rational “bet” because the potential gain (eternal life) outweighs the risk. Video - Is the belief in God’s existence practical?If you choose to believe in God and he exists you get the reward of heaven. If you choose to believe in God and he does exist you don't get much, If you don’t believe in God and he does exist you go to Hell. If you don’t believe in God and he doesn’t exist you don’t get much. Therefore the smart bet is to put your money on betting on God’s existence every time. If there is even a very small chance that God exists you better believe in him because the stakes are so high. You start walking the walk brainwash your self into true belief, Go to church, be around other believers, pray and you’ll start believing. We should believe in God because it is just practical. It costs something to believe in Godlike maybe your time to go to church etc but its worth it. Evolution Pope John Paul’s Letter to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences: The church recognizes evolution as compatible with faith, provided God is acknowledged as creator. God the Son Titles for Jesus - Messiah - Hebrew - Christos - Greek - Emmanuel - Hebrew - means “God is with us” - Alpha/ Omega - Greek - means the beginning and the end - Symbol - Chi Rho - these are the first two Green letters of Christ What does the name Jesus mean? God Saves in English Yeshua/ Yehoshua (Hebrew/ Aramaic) - Jesus’ Native language - Jesus’ personal name Literally means “God Saves” Lesous in Greek Immanuel - God is with us Define Christ - Annointed one  Christos - Greek for ”Annointed One” Messiah - Hebrew for “Annointed One” Emmanuel - A title given to the Messiah that means “god is with us” in Hebrew Where was Jesus born? Bethlehem - The City of David - Bethlehem literally means “House of Bread” - House of King David - The Messiah would be from this line and ancestry - Conceived by the Holy Spirit - Mother was a virgin Where was Jesus raised (hometown?) Nazareth Early Years Infancy/Nativity Narratives Expectation of Messiah Kingly/Military Leader - Revolutionary… Rebellion. ○ To free Israel from Roman Oppression A Priestly figure to replace corrupt priesthood? Prophetic Figure Birth Conceived by Holy Spirit Virgin Birth Born btwn. 6- 4 BC. Roman Emperor at time of Jesus’ Birth ---- Caesar Augustus Son of Julius Caesar (Deified as Divine) Title - “Caesar Augustus, Son of God” Born in Bethlehem Bethlehem - “House of Bread” (Hebrew) City of David To Fulfill - prophecy that Messiah would be from Line of David Named --Jesus Jesus (English) “God Saves” Yeshua/Yehoshua (Hebrew/Aramaic) Jesus’ native tongue Iesous (Greek) (Eee shoush) Nazareth - Jesus’ home town What event marks the beginning of his Active Ministry? His baptism by John the Baptist The “Beginning and the End” - The Alpa and the Omega The Gospels - These books of the Bible testify to Faith in Jesus’ Life, Passion, Death and Resurrection John the Baptist - He was the voice in the desert crying out “Prepare the way of the Lord” At Jesus’ Baptism - His identity was revealed as “you are my beloved Son, in whom I am pleased” After his baptism, Jesus prepares for his ministry by being tempted for 40 days Matthew - One of Jesus’ disciples that was a Tax collector The focus of Jesus’ mission or his Mission Statement - The Kingdom of God Parable - A story that uses a metaphor, has an unexpected twist and teaches a lesson Mustard Seed Parable - The kingdom begins small, expands, provides and shelters Types of Miracles Healing - compassion/Mercy/welcomes those exiled/ FAITH Blindness Leprosy Physical impairments Restoration of Life - Authority over Death, FAITH Lazarus Centurion's Servant Nature - Authority over the forces of nature Calming Storm Walking on water, Water into wine Exorcism- Authority over Evil Exorcising Demons Passover - The Jewish Holiday that Jesus celebrated at the Last Supper The Garden of Gethsemane - Jesus experienced his agony and arrest here Sanhedrin - the Jewish leaders that interrogated Jesus Via Dolorosa - the way of Sorrow and suffering - Way to the Cross Theosis - the transformative process in which we share in God’s divine nature The Trilemna - The argument that Jesus is either the Liar, Lunatic or Lord Incarnation - God Made Flesh - We are made of God Caesar Augustus - Roman Emperor at the time of Jesus’ birth Presentation at the Temple - Jesus took part in this ritual as a Jewish Child INRI - Jesus of Nazareth King of the Jews Jesus is mentioned in other historical texts outside of Christian Doccuments High Christology - Does not focus on Jesus’ humanity - Jesus walking on water Low Christology - Jesus wept at the death of his friend Lazarus Jesus’ ministry Kingdom of God: Central theme of Jesus' teachings Parables: Stories with spiritual lessons Miracles: Signs of God’s power and compassion The Paschal mystery is lived out in the lives of believers that HOPE and NEW LIFE can come from suffering - The work of SALVATION - Thru Jesus’ Passion, Death, Resurrection and Ascension. - The process of Life, Death and Renewal Incarnation - Refers to Jesus as being human Mysteries of Jesus’ Life - Annunciation: Angel Gabriel announces Jesus’ conception to Mary Transfiguration: Jesus reveals his divine glory to Peter, James, and John Incarnation: God becoming human in Jesus Ascension: Jesus returns to Heaven Resurrection: Jesus rises from the dead Presentation at the Temple: Jesus is dedicated at the Temple Jesus’ circumcision, how old was he - Jesus was eight days old What crime was Jesus convicted - Blasphemy and treason Paschal Mystery - Jesus’ suffering, death, resurrection, and ascension. Be familiar with these events of the Passion The Last Supper ○ Early Thursday evening ○ Jesus gathered with the Apostles to celebrate his last Passover  ○ Jesus washed the disciples feet - true leadership is service ○ He instituted the Eucharist at this meal Agony in the Garden ○ Garden of Gethsemane (Oil Press) ○ Judas led the Temple guards to Jesus so that they could arrest him ○ Trial before The Sanhedrin Wealthy and corrupt priestly Elite they were high priests, scribes and elders they were the final authority on Jewish Law’ they did not have the final authority to execute convicted Criminals ○ Jesus was tried and found guilty of blasphemy by the Sanhedrin ○ The Jewish leaders said that Jesus’s teachings undermined the Jewish leaders authority ○ Jesus was blasphemy/ False prophet ○ Only God could forgive sins Jesus’ before Sanhedrin & Pilate ○ The Jews turned Jesus over to the Authorities ○ Palestine occupied the Roman Empire ○ Condemned by Pilate ○ Pontius Pilate - Prefect or Governor of Judea Responsible for taxation to Rome Maintaining the peace and order ○ Jesus was a threat to the peace ○ Pilate proclaimed Jesus as innocent yet he still ordered his execution Crucifixion ○ A Roman execution reserved for condemned prisoners ○ whipped and scourged ○ Crown of thorns/robe in an act of mockery ○ Via Dolorosa - Way of Sorrows ○ Golgatha - “Place of the Skull” a hill just outside the wall of Jerusalem ○ INRI - Latin Acronym for “Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews”  ○ The Meaning of the Cross Our Salvation comes through the death and resurrection of Jesus Resurrection Stories: Appearances to disciples showing victory over death What does Jesus’ resurrection mean for us? Hope for eternal life and reconciliation with God Mysteries of Jesus Life 1. Annunciation 2. Circumcision 3. Presentation in the Temple 4. Epiphany 5. Visit to Jerusalem for Passover as a 12 yr. old/Found in the Temple The Circumcision and Naming of Jesus Luke 2: 21 When eight days were completed for his circumcision, * he was namedJesus, the name given him by the angel before he was conceived in the womb. The Presentation in the Temple Luke 2: 22-24 When the days were completed for their purification​* according to the law of Moses, they took him up to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord, just as it is written in the law of the Lord, “Every male that opens the womb shall be consecrated to the Lord, ” and to offer the sacrifice of “a pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons,” in accordance with the dictate in the law of the Lord. The Boy Jesus in the Temple Luke 2: 41-52 “Each year his parents went to Jerusalem for the feast of Passover, and when he was 12 yrs. old they went up according to festival custom” Unit 3 - God the Holy Spirit & Trinity Be familiar with Symbols of the Holy Spirit - 12 symbols of the Holy Spirit WIND - Spirit of God as wind, breath - Metaphor - the Unseen Spirit of God, yet we see the effects Symbolizes the Resurrection power of God  Metaphor - The unseen Spirit of God, yet we see the effects Pneuma (Greek) (Breath of God) Ruah (Hebrew) Spire (Latin) DOVE - Jesus’ Baptism Symbolizes the Gentleness, meekness, and peace of God FIRE - Pentecost Coming of the Holy Spirit Symbolizes the refining power and the zeal of God Toungues of fire Pentecost is the birthday of the church because it is the coming down of the holy spirit Characteristics of the Holy Spirit in Scripture Genesis - Creation Stories 1st Creation Story - god treated the plants, animals and then simultaneously creates men and women. There were 3 days of preparation, 3 days of formation and on the 7th day all creation existed and he rested 2nd Creation Story - God created a human, plants, then animals, and later he divided the human into female and male. - he created Adam and then took a rib from Adam to create Eve Holy Spirit has spoken through the Prophets Prophets spoke God’s will Nabi (Hebrew) Meaning - A mouthpiece for God (a reference to the prophets) Advocate - Paraclete (Parakletos - Greek) - All the holy spirit Pentecost What is Pentecost - Jewish celebration Shavuot - Jewish Feast Occurs 7 weeks after Passover or 50 days - Penta What does the Jewish Pentecost Celebrate? The Jewish feast of Pentecost (Shavuot) was primarily a thanksgiving for the firstfruits of the wheat harvest, but it was later associated with a remembrance of the Law given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai. How many days after Passover: 50 days after Passover Christian Pentecost Symbols of the Holy Spirit in the Pentecost Story: The symbols of the Holy Spirit present at the Pentecost are WIND, FIRE, SPEAKING IN TONGUES (languages) Birthday of the CHURCH How many days after Easter does Pentecost Occur? 50 days after Easter Gifts of the Spirit - Isaiah 11: 2-3 7 Gifts of the Holy Spirit: they empower us to make good choices, to serve God and others Wisdom - think with the mind of God to know what is true, right and lasting Understanding - be able to grasp the truths of god Knowledge - divine understanding of worldly things Counsel - with the guidance of the Holy Spirit we can make good judgements Fortitude - strength, bravery and courage. Willing to stand up for what is right Piety - affection, obedience and honor to God Fear of the Lord - Aware of the glory and majesty of God 9 Fruits of the Spirit - Galatians 5 22:23 Love: - The Greek word is agape - A love for God and a desire to please him - God’s love produces in us a love for our neighbor - Concern for our neighbor’s best interest and highest good. Joy:  - The awareness of God’s gracious favor to us - Joy is an anchor that keeps us from being blown to and fro by the many and varied circumstances of life and the hard times that sometimes overtake us - Unlike happiness, its worldly and elusive equivalent, joy does not depend on favorable circumstances Peace: - Not simply the absence of conflict, but the deep abiding - the assurance of God’s rich mercy and love for us - enables us to be peacemakers - to pursue peace with others, in our family, community, beyond all ethnic, racial, political, barriers that separate and divide people. Patience - long-suffering, forbearance with other people and of not being easily offended - This particularly includes people who displease, irritate, provoke, or mistreat us—including those who persecute us. Kindness Generosity Faithfulness Gentleness Self Control Unit 4 - The Church The Early Church Apostle - Meaning: Apostles were “sent forth” to share in Jesus’ mission - proclaiming the kingdom - healing the sick Call of the Disciples Matt. 4:18-19 “Come after me & I will make you fishers of men.” Peter Peter the Rock - Matt. 16:13-20  What does Jesus give Peter? The keys to the Kingdom of Heaven. Who is the Rock that Jesus builds his Church upon? Peter What does Peter's name mean? Rock??? Acts of the Apostles Gospel of the Holy Spirit Written by Luke the Evangelist as a continuation of the book of Luke Ascension of Jesus - Acts 1: 1-8 - What does Jesus Promise to send? Jesus promises to send the Holy Spirit. What does he ask his disciples to be? He asks his disciples to be witnesses. Pentecost Acts 2: 1-13 - What: Be familiar with the story THREE symbols of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost 1. Wind 2. Fire 3. Tongues of Flame Communal Life - Acts 4: 32-37 4 ways the Early Christians practiced Communal Life? Sharing possessions, prayer, breaking bread, and unity Stephen’s Martyrdom - Acts 7:51-60, 8: 1-3 Who is the first Christian Martyr: Stephen Who approves of Stephen’s Martyrdom? Saul (later Paul) Saul’s Conversion - Acts 9: 1-22 On the Road to Damascus to persecute those belonging to “The Way” Name for the Early Christian Community? (before being called Christians) The Way How long is Pauls Blinded? 3 days Saul's name is changed to Paul  - What was the reason for Saul’s trip to Damascus? Saul was planning to murder the “disciples of Jesus”. He went to the most important priest and asked him for letters to the rulers of the synagogues in Damascus. If he found any Christians there, he would take them to Jerusalem to jail. - What was the name the early Christian community use for itself? “The Way” - How many days was Saul blinded? WHat does this represent? He was blinded for 3 days. This symbolized the Resurrection. - What did Saul change his name to? Paul - What might be the reasons for this change? 1) Paul took Christ’s message to both Jews and Gentiles. 2) Paul’s Roman citizenship allowed him to travel freely. 3) Roman road systems helped travel Council of Jerusalem - Acts 15: 1-12 What is the Council all about? Debating whether Gentile converts must follow Jewish laws. The Church Ekklesia - (Greek ): Assembly or Church Four or Five Symbols of Church - The Four Marks of the Catholic Church The Church is ONE - - Visible bonds of unity - Profession of faith- one creed - Common Worship - The Eucharist United with people across the world The Church is Holy - - The church brings the holiness of Christ into the world - The church’s purpose is to make saints - to make people Holy - Despite sinful, flawed, members— - The Church still is a conduit to transmit God’s Grace - God’s Grace has come through very weak, sinful, channels The Church is Catholic - Catholic (Kataholos- Greek) - Meaning?- “according to the whole” - Universal - extends all over the world-from one end of the earth to the other - throughout history - geographic region - Ethnicity, race, culture The Church is Apostolic - - Apostles: “to be sent” - Founded on the apostles - Apostolics Succession - Unbroken line of succession apostles—> Pope & Bishops - All members are to share in the Church’s mission - Preach the Gospel in Word and deed - To proclaim the Gospel to every living creature Sacraments What Scripture passage/es are associated with the institution of the Sacrament? Just make sure you can identify passages that relate to Eucharist What is the Form and Matter of the Sacrament? Form- the words spoken matter - the object Who is the Minister/s of each Sacrament? Baptism - priest, deacon, bishop, anyone in emergency Eucharist - bishops and priests  Confirmation - Bishop Reconciliation - Anointing of the Sick Holy Orders Matrimony What is a Sacrament: An outward sign of inward grace, instituted by Christ 7 Sacraments: Baptism Eucharist Confirmation Reconciliation Anointing of the Sick Holy Orders Matrimony Sacraments of Healing, Initiation, Vocation: Sacraments of Healing: Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick Sacraments of Initiation: Baptism, Eucharist, Confirmation Sacraments of Vocation: Holy Orders, Matrimony Annulment - Church declaration that a valid marriage never existed, a part of the marriage process was invalid Which sacraments are repeatable? Eucharist, Reconciliation, Anointing of the Sick How can some people get married in the Church more than once? They can have an annulment and get remarried What does Anointing of the Sick do Forgives sins and heals the person spiritually What does the word Eucharist mean - (Greek) “Thanksgiving” - We give thanks for the Gifts God has given us, in Creation, Redemption Transubstantiation: The Substance of Bread and Wine changing into the reality of Jesus, though remaining in appearance of bread and wine Reconciliation, why confess to a priest? Because it comes from the scripture passage where Jesus extends his hands and gave priests the authority to forgive sins. Why is priesthood exclusively male? Based on Jesus’ example of selecting male apostles Why can’t priests marry? To fully dedicate themselves to God and the Church Purpose of Confirmation: Sacrament of Initiation - Seals and Strengthens with the gifts of Holy Spirit - Binds you closer with the church Be familiar with the Order of the Mass The google docs that Ranya turned in