Advanced Biology 1st Semester Final Exam Review 2024 KEY PDF

**[Advanced Biology 1st Semester Final Exam Review 2024]** **[Directions:]** Complete this review using your unit packets, previous study guides, and posted resources on Google Classroom. **[Unit 1: Scientific Method & Characteristics of Life]** 1. +-----------------------+--------------------...

**[Advanced Biology 1st Semester Final Exam Review 2024]** **[Directions:]** Complete this review using your unit packets, previous study guides, and posted resources on Google Classroom. **[Unit 1: Scientific Method & Characteristics of Life]** 1. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Using the | | | | Scientific Method** | | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | **Define the problem | Will colored light | | | or ask a question** | increase plant | | | | growth? | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Create a | If colored light is | | | hypothesis** | used to grow plants, | | | | then plants will have | | | | increased growth | | | | compared to when | | | | plants are grown with | | | | white light. | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Design an | **Control Group** | Plants grown with | | experiment** | | white light | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | **Experimental | Plants grown with | | | Group** | colored light | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | **Independent | Colored light | | | Variable** | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | **Dependent | Plant growth | | | Variable** | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | **Controlled | Type of plant | | | Variables** | | | | | Temperature | | | | | | | | Amount of water | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | | **Steps of experiment | 1. 2. 3. | | | (procedure)** | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **How would you | Measure plants using | | | collect and analyze | a ruler/meter stick | | | data?** | to measure plant | | | | growth. Enter data | | | | into data table. | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ 2. **Week** **Plants Grown in Sterilized Soil** **Plants Grown in Non Sterilized Soil** ---------- ------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------- **1** 0.8 cm 2.0 cm **2** 1.5 cm 5.5 cm **3** 2.0 cm 8.7 cm **4** 2.3 cm 10.0 cm **5** 2.4 cm 12.0 cm **6** 3.8 cm 16.2 cm **7** 5.0 cm 19.1 cm **8** 6.0 cm 25.0 cm  3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Yes, because the plants grown in the non sterilized soil that included the mycorrhizae had greater growth than the plants with sterilized soil **[Unit 2: Living in Balance]** 1. Maintaining a stable internal environment 2. **Phenomenon** **Level** **Body systems and/or organs involved** **Explain how homeostasis is maintained** --------------------------------- -------------- ------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------- **Glucose levels in the blood** **Too high** **Too low** Pancreas/liver **Body temperature** **Too high** Brain/hypothalamus Body begins to shiver **Too low** Brain/Hypothalamus Body sweats **Water balance** **Too high** **Too low** Kidney/Brain ADH released 3. 4. +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Cellular | | | | | | Respiration | | | | | | ** | | | | | +=============+=============+=============+=============+=============+ | **Equation* | C~6~H~12~O~ | | | | | * | 6~ | | | | | | + 6O~2~ → | | | | | | 6H~2~O + | | | | | | 6CO~2~ + | | | | | | ATP | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Location* | Mitochondri | | | | | * | a | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Function* | Break | | | | | * | glucose to | | | | | | release | | | | | | energy | | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Steps** | **Location* | **Oxygen** | **Reactants | **Products | | | * | | (inputs)** | (outputs)** | | | | **Required? | | | | | | ** | | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Glycolysi | Cytoplasm | No | Glucose | Pyruvate | | s** | | | | | | | | | ATP | ATP | | | | | | | | | | | | NADH | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Citric | Mitochondri | Yes | Acetyl CoA | ATP | | Acid Cycle | al | | | | | (Krebs | Matrix | | | NADH | | Cycle)** | | | | | | | | | | FADH~2~ | | | | | | | | | | | | CO~2~ | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ | **Electron | Inner | Yes | NADH | ATP | | Transport | Mitochondri | | | | | Chain | al | | FADH~2~ | H~2~O | | (ETC)** | | | | | | | Membrane | | O~2~ | | +-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+-------------+ 5. Aerobic requires oxygen and anaerobic does not 6. Alcoholic fermentation - plants/yeast Lactic acid fermentation - animals 7. **Type of Feedback** **Definition** **Example in Living Things** ---------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- Positive Feedback feedback loop where a change in a physiological parameter triggers a response that further amplifies that change, moving the system further away from its set point Blood clotting Negative Feedback a control mechanism in homeostasis that helps maintain a body\'s internal state by responding to changes in a variable and returning it to its set point Thermoregulation, osmoregulation 8.  9. **Passive Transport (ALL HIGH TO LOW)** ----------------------------------------- --------------------------- ------------- ----------------------- **Simple diffusion** **Facilitated diffusion** **Osmosis** **Active Transport**   10. **[Unit 3: The Blueprint of Life]** 11. monomers- lots of small molecules polymer- one large molecule 12. Amino acid 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **DNA Replication** | | +===================================+===================================+ | **Function** | To make copies of DNA | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Location** | Nucleus | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Enzymes & their functions** | 1. 2. 3. 4. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **End result** | Two identical DNA molecules | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ 10. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **[Alike]** | **[Different]** | | | | | - - - | 1. | | | | | | | | | | | | 2. | | | | | | | | | | | | 3. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ 11. +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Protein Synthesis** | | +===================================+===================================+ | 1. | 2. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Function: | Function: | | | | | DNA → RNA | RNA → Protein | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Location: | Location: | | | | | Nucleus | Ribosome | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ 12. 13. **Template DNA** A T G C C C G T G T A A ------------------------------------------------ ------------------------- **Complementary DNA** TACGGGCACATT **mRNA (use complementary DNA to transcribe)** AUGCCCGUGUAA **Amino Acids** MET-PRO-VAL-STOP 14. **mRNA:** A U G C U U C G U C C U C A A ----------------------------------------- **Protein:** MET-LEU-ARG-PRO-GLUT 15. **mRNA:** A U G C U U C G U C C U C A A ----------------------------------------- **DNA:** TUCGAAGCAGGAGTT 16. A change in sequence of your DNA 17. +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Type of Mutation** | **Definition** | **[Original | | | | DNA]: G A | | | | C A T T** | | | | | | | | **(Demonstrate your | | | | mutation below)** | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Substitution | you are switching out | G T C A T T | | | one letter for a | | | | different letter | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Insertion | you add one letter | G G A C A T T | | | causing a frameshift | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Deletion | you subtract one | G C A T T | | | letter causing a | | | | frameshift | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ 18. silent- Mutation has no affect on the amino acid codes missense- causes codon to code for a different amino acid frameshift- causes the reading frame of mRNA to shift forward or backwards changing many amino acids nonsense- causes a stop codon that terminates translation early **[Unit 4: Cell Cycle & Cancer]** 1. it ensures proper growth, development, and maintenance of organisms 2. **Form of DNA** **Definition** **What stage(s) is DNA found in this form?** **My Sketch** ----------------- -------------------------- ---------------------------------------------- ----------------------- **chromatin** -Uncondensed DNA Prophase  **chromosome** -Condensed DNA Prometaphase **chromatid** -One leg of a chromosome Metaphase  3. 4. a. b. c. d. e. 5. denature- deform temperature and ph 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. they are turned off or ignored 11. 12.